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In order to legislatively secure the people’s sobriety implement the “Top-Priority Efforts Programme of the State Anti-alcohol Policy” at the national, regional and local levels:
To the effect of informational preparation of society for the formation of sober convictions:
For the purpose of organizational development of sobering movement one should make methodical efforts for the consolidation of within the framework of the Russian mass movement “The Sober Russia” activities of various different public associations, government-and-commercial structures and individuals who share these strategic goals irrespective of their political commitments, nationality or confession. A reference position in assessment of the eye of the problem of alcohol ingestion should be its understanding as one of the high socially significant, in-system, multilevel and multifaceted problem in the middle of which is a sober healthy individual who interacts with the social environment. The protection of an individual against the negative influence that an alcohol addiction builds up in him is ensured by the influence of environmental factors at various levels: the family, little informal groups, collective bodies, various other social institutions, movement for the sober healthy life-style and the sobering of society as a whole. The object of protection should be not so much as and not only alcoholics or members of their families but also all the other people who in one or some other way suffer from the negative influence of alcohol dope and first of all the oncoming generation, creative intellectuals and executive officials who make cabinet decisions. The acknowledgement of priority of a sober individual, protection of the temperance rights of citizens and state interests related to the sobering of people are the most important principles of the temperance policy. Amidst principles of the temperance policy let us highlight the following:
The ingestion of alcohol causes multiple adverse social and medical after-effects, leads to the physical and moral degradation of people. All this determines the need to carry out flexible but unflinching temperance policy aimed at the absolute sobering of society that makes provision for a broad range of arrangements multifarious in content and its directional effect. The root of the matter lies in the fact that for many people a model of a teetotaller and a model of a man tippling in a “civilized manner” are far different. The statistics is probably “spoiled” by the fact that in between many non-drinkers the major part does not take alcohol because of having already been suffering from chronic addictions and various diseases. A solution to this problem may be a complex and global change of traditions in the society that would obviously allow all the layers of such society to having refused alcohol increase their living standard. Amidst practices showing the fastest feedback expressed in the liquidation of alcohol ingestion is the tightening of ease of access: sharp upward rise in alcohol prices, systematic reduction in the number of alcohol selling points right down to zero. The limitation of access provides for the fastest response but such method taken separately is less reliable inasmuch as it slightly changes the conviction of people. Sure enough the access limitation plays in itself a positive part. It builds up an adequate psychology and manifests that alcohol is not at all an everyday beverage but pure poison for the life of society and an individual. The progressing access limitation placed on an already cultivated ground (availability of a temperance sub-culture, abundance of lectures and discussions on alcohol, reorientation of mass-media from the tippling in a “civilized manner” to the culture of soberness) can squeeze out alcohol traditions completely but this may require many a year. Besides it is very important to not only issue a law but still more important and complicated to maintain in it force forever and ever. The effective temperance policy should be aimed both at the consciousness of people and the sphere of their motivation and behaviour. Techniques to change convictions are as follows:
Techniques changing convictions will indirectly influence and the legislative initiative. The fact is that at times for the purpose of changing the law: firstly there is not enough upward pressure and secondly there is a shortage in people ready to pass it legislatively. I.e. the investment of public funds in the anti-alcohol education and access limitation is triggered by the public opinion through the agency of people who belong to “top circles” and are worried by the problem of alcohol. In order to implement the legislative initiative the creation of systemic pressure in society and continuous upward stimulation of the parliament corps are required. Following the policy of temperance exactly this way we avoid mistakes of the past those for example of the anti-alcohol campaign in 1985. The limitation of access those years instigated the decrease of related to alcohol problems (death rate, personal injuries, morbidity etc.) but never changed convictions and therefore for this reason with the increase of access all the problems related alcohol came back. The situation was strongly aggravated by the countrywide inoculation of pro-alcohol persuasions. It is wise therefore not to implement the impulsive policy but systematically develop the whole package of sobering measures that would painlessly help people to choose a sober life-style on their own. An absolute reality of entire alcohol eradication from lives of the Russian population in the foreseeable perspective requires an official acceptance of the temperance principle by the government and society as a basis for the development of an alcohol disaster overcome programme and organization of work on its implementation. The State and society in the name of its institutions disapprove of and crush in the bud any forms of alcohol ingestion and are obligated to resort to any social and legal influence means necessary to prevent it. The temperance policy makes an essential part of the government common social policy and its content rests on objective analysis of the reasons and factors of the outspread use of narcotics as a phenomenon as well as on consideration of actual living conditions and opportunities of society including indigenously sober folk-traditions and customs, the antipathy of population to alcohol. Thus the work in order to solve the problem of alcohol befuddling cannot not be handled discounting the improvement of people’s living conditions, rising of its temperance culture and morality. Sobering is the basement of the whole social work but not a “useful appendage”. While implementing the temperance policy the preference should be given to activities of preventive, cultural-educative and educational nature aimed at the systematic and deliberate restriction of alcohol ingestion right down to complete soberness. As the world and domestic experience show the reliance on the system-based bans and rigid administrative control provides for the steadfast success in the struggle for soberness. While implementing the temperance policy the experience of countries where this problem is being solved successfully (Sweden, Norway and Island) is worth taking into consideration. Such countries make use of the so called press system: a conviction is changed from below but the legislative initiative is implemented downwards. Thus the alcohol problem is squeezed from society out (4). The success of temperance policy is secured by way of creating in the country a wide social system of prophylactics of alcohol ingestion in whatever forms, effective mechanism of controlling this system and co-ordinating the respective operation of various governmental agencies, social institutions and public organisations. A successful implementation by the government of temperance policy deems only possible on condition that it is actively supported by wide layers of population. That is why the government upholds the participation of social organizations, unions and funds in its operations on the prevention of drug abuse as a phenomenon; for this purpose carries out a continuous research of public opinion related to the nature of sobering arrangements being held at the moment; and makes corrections to its policy considering people’s censorious remarks and suggestions. It is by far more difficult in a society where the public opinion is en masse holds on to civilized tippling. The removal of in-depth reasons of alcohol ingestion is a complicated process. While the strategy of the government temperance policy is being built the most relevant high-priority lines of it must be defined as follows:
The focusing on it of the government and public attention will right in immediate years allow to impair the strength of alcohol situation, sharply reduce the level of sociopathic acts because of taking alcoholic beverage, improve the health of communities. High priority lines of temperance policy in the Russian Federation for the nearest years.
This requires to:
a change in the pattern of trading alcoholic beverages (one shop per a region, republic located in the area of city dumps) and simultaneously – expansion of non-alcoholic chain companies of various patterns of ownership that offer soft drinks dispensing – restaurants, cafes, alcohol-free bars etc.;
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