Упражнения с ответами
Упражнение 8.1
Напишите предложения другим способом, используя may или might. В предложениях 9-11 используйте may not или might not.
Example: Perhaps Margaret is in her office. - She might be in her office.
Perhaps Margaret is busy. ____________________.
Perhaps she is working. ______________________.
Perhaps she wants to be alone. ________________.
Perhaps she was ill yesterday. _________________.
Perhaps she went home early. _________________.
Perhaps she had to go home early. _____________.
Perhaps she was working yesterday. ____________.
Perhaps she doesn't want to see me. ____________.
Perhaps she isn't working today. _______________.
Perhaps she wasn't feeling well yesterday. _________.
Упражнение 8.2
Перефразируйте предложения, используя глагол must:
Example: I am sure they have changed the time. –
They must have changed the time.
They are in Greece. I am sure they are enjoying themselves.
She is an experienced teacher. I am certain she has been working at school for at least twenty years.
They have probably finished painting the house.
I feel sure she is at home.
Probably they have already passed the frontier.
She is sure he is playing cards with his friends.
She is not as young as she seems to be. I think she is nearly forty.
I think you have visited this place before.
He has to do a very urgent task. I feel sure he is working now.
He is so absent-minded. I am sure he left the letter unanswered.
You know he is a good tennis player. He is no doubt has won this match.
I won’t bother you any longer; no doubt you feel tired of my talking after a tiring day.
It is clear that they are expecting somebody.
She was obviously upset by something, I never saw her so nervous.
He is probably reading something funny. He is smiling all the time.
Упражнение 8.3
Составьте предложения выражающие сомнение и недоверие, используя глагол can/could:
Example: Нe knows English well.
Can/could he know English well?
He can’t know English well.
He is waiting for somebody.
Can he be waiting for somebody?
He can’t be waiting for somebody.
He understands every word you say.
She is really fond of the child.
They know how to get there.
She is crying.
She is looking for somebody.
They are always fighting.
He is telling the truth.
Упражнение 8.4
Переведите предложения:
Он, должно быть, слышал об этом.
Этот дом, должно быть, построен столетие назад.
Они , вероятно, сейчас завтракают.
Не может быть, чтобы он был дома вчера в это время.
Должно быть, идет дождь.
Неужели он сказал вам об этом?
Возможно, он и заходил к ним, когда был в Москве.
Вы, возможно, встретите его на станции.
Не может быть, чтобы он спал сейчас.
По-видимому, он унес книги с собой.
Она, возможно, все уже забыла.
Контрольные упражнения и тесты
Упражнение 8.5
Составьте вопросительные предложения, выражающие удивление, используя глаголы can/could:
Example: He is working now. – Can/Could he be working now?
He was at the party yesterday.
They are in Germany.
He has broken his leg.
They were sent to prison.
She got married.
He studies at Cambridge University.
She has been practicing the violin for five years.
He has made an interesting report.
He has won a lot of money in the casino.
She will be forty in June.
Упражнение 8.6
Прочтите ситуации и составьте предложения из слов в скобках. Используйте may или might:
Example: I can’t find George anywhere. I wonder where he is.
a) (he / go / shopping) He may have gone shopping.
b) (he / play / tennis) He might be playing tennis.
I’m looking for Helen. Do you know where she is?
a) (she / watch / TV / in her room)
b) (she / go / out) _______________________.
I can’t find my umbrella. Have you seen it?
a) (it / be / in the car) _______________________.
b) (you / leave / in the restaurant last night) _______________________.
Why didn’t Tom answer the doorbell? I’m sure he was in the house at the time.
a) (he / be / in the bath) _______________________.
b) (he / not / hear / the bell) _______________________.
Упражнение 8.7
Перепишите предложения, употребляя must+Simple/Perfect infinitive для выражения предположения.
Example: Of course, he is somewhere here. – He must be somewhere here.
Certainly, she knew that something was wrong. – She must have known that something was wrong.
I am sure the information was wrong.
She was obviously upset by something.
Probably, he recognized you by the photo in the papers.
He is sure to be in at this time.
Of course, she is trying to help you.
She is certain to be waiting for you at home.
Probably, the play is over by now.
No doubt, she knew what she was about to do.
Probably, the dog was hungry.
Упражнение 8.8
Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальные глаголы must, may или can't:
Probably that building in the distance is the station.
I don't believe you have lost your passport; probably you have put it into another bag.
Perhaps the girl was frightened.
Probably you left your text-book in the canteen.
I don't believe they will give up such a brilliant idea.
You look pale. Probably you are tired.
I don't believe that this boy is a good friend.
Perhaps he visited the Hermitage when he was in St. Petersburg last year.
I am sure it is a very deep lake.
Упражнение 8.9
Переведите предложения:
Вы, должны быть, ошибаетесь.
Вы, вероятно, ошиблись.
Не может быть, чтобы вы ошиблись.
Неужели (возможно ли, чтобы) вы ошиблись?
Она, должно быть, ждет нас в институте.
Вы, возможно, забыли свои перчатки дома.
Он не мог прочитать эту книгу так быстро. Она трудна для него.
Не может быть, чтобы он был дома сейчас.
Тест-минимум 8
1. Выберите правильный вариант:
They must______. They have been working all day.
a) be tired c) to be tired
b) tired d) be tiring
You can't ______after having such a big meal.
a) hunger c) be hungry
b) hungry d) to be hungry
She must ______Ukrainian with such a surname.
a) to be c) be being
b) be d) -
They must ______very satisfied after being graded highly.
a) to feel c) felt
b) be feeling d) feel
You must ______! No one enjoys taking exams!
a) joke c) be joking
b) not joke d) not to joke
They can't______married! They are so different.
a) be getting c) to be getting
b) get d) to get
He ______be ill because I've just spoken to him.
a) can c)should
b) must d) can't
His train ______be late because it is always on time.
a) can c) shouldn't
b) can't d) ought
-Where is Nick?
- I am not sure. He may______ the piano.
a) play c) be playing
b) have played d) be played
What's that smell! My mother must ______dinner.
a) cook c) be cooking
b) to cook d) to be cooking
His car is broken down. He ______an accident.
a) must have c) should have had
b) must be having d) must have had
You look tanned. You ______in Africa.
a) must have been c) need have been
b) must be d) can't have been
I am sure he ______a new car, because he is unemployed now.
a) must have bought c) might have bought
b) should have bought d) can't have bought
"Do you know where the Petrovs are?" "I think they ______to London."
a) should go c) must be going
b) could have gone d) may be going
The baby is looking for his mother. He ______lost.
a) can't get c) mustn't have got
b) must get d) must have got
She is tired. She ______on a long walk.
a) may be c) might have been
b) mightn't d) have been
She is wet. She ______her umbrella.
a) must have forgotten c) should have forgotten
b) mustn't have forgotten d) must forget
They hate each other. They ______in love.
a) can be c) can't be
b) may be d) can't have been
He loves her so much! He ______her when she is away.
a) must have missed c) may have missed
b) must be missing d) can't have missed
2. Переведите предложения на английский язык:
Не может быть, что она такая молодая. Ей должно быть около сорока лет.
Может быть, мы пойдем на пляж: погода чудесная.
Он, может быть, болеет.
Может быть, он и в школе сейчас (хотя едва ли).
Наверное, она узнала об этом от Маши.
Моя сестра, должно быть, сейчас в библиотеке.
Она, должно быть, ждет нас дома.
Не может быть, чтобы это была правда.
Неужели это правда?
Это, должно быть, правда.
Возможно, это правда.
Тест 8
1. Выберите правильный вариант:
1) I don't like the way you study. I think you ____ harder!
might have worked
might work
could work
could have worked
2) Let's wait a little. He ____ .
may have come
could have come
may come
might have come
3) She ____ of the plan herself. Somebody has suggested it to her.
can't have thought
may not have thought
can't think
may not think
4) 'They ____ our telegram, that's why they did not meet us.
couldn't have received
can't have received
may not have received
may not receive
5) She ____ my letter! — Don't be so angry with her. She ___ it by mistake.
may not read, may do
cannot read, can do
might not have read, can't have done
can't have read, might have done
6) He ____ it. I don't believe you.
is not able to say
might not say
can't have said
might not have said
2. Перефразируйте предложения, используя глаголы may/might must или can/can’t:
Perhaps he is at home, but I am not sure he is.
Perhaps you left your umbrella in the bus.
Perhaps they will come home very soon: be ready.
Why didn't Nick ring us up? — It is possible that he forgot about it.
Probably I have seen you before: your face is familiar to me.
She is a very experienced doctor. I am sure she has been working at this hospital for at least fifteen years.
You have probably read books of this author before.
Look! Helen's windows are open. I feel sure she is at home
I don't believe Jane made such a mistake
I don't believe the work is too difficult for my friend.
3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, may, might или can't:
Они, должно быть, живут в Санкт-Петербурге.
Они, может быть, живут в Санкт-Петербурге.
Может быть, они и живут в Санкт-Петербурге (хотя едва ли).
Не может быть, что они живут в Санкт-Петербурге.
Они, должно быть, жили в Санкт-Петербурге.
Они, может быть, жили в Санкт-Петербурге.
Может быть, они и жили в Санкт-Петербурге (хотя едва ли).
Не может быть, что они жили в Санкт-Петербурге.
9. Выражение вероятности при помощи модальных слов
probably, likely
Понятие вероятности можно выразить с помощью наречия probably – вероятно, наверное и прилагательного likely – вероятно, скорее всего (большая степень вероятности).
Данные модальные слова употребляются в утвердительных и отрицательных предложениях и предложениях, относящихся к будущему вместо глагола must в значении «должно быть, по-видимому, вероятно»
They will probably come tomorrow. - Они, вероятно, приедут завтра.
It's likely to rain towards evening. - К вечеру, вероятно, пойдёт дождь.
He is unlikely to come. - Он вряд ли приедет (по всей вероятности не приедет).
He probably doesn’t know about it.
Likely
Образование:
to be (is, are, was, …) + likely – вероятный/unlikely – маловероятный.
После них может употребляться лишь простой инфинитив (Indefinite Infinitive).
He is likely to come. - Вероятно, он придет.
He is likely to know her address. (It is likely that he knows her address.) - Он, вероятно, знает ее адрес.
They are very likely to come soon. (It is very likely that they will come soon.) - Очень вероятно, что они скоро приедут.
He is unlikely to help you. - Вряд ли он поможет тебе.
Отрицательная частица not ставится перед likely.
We are not likely to meet often. - Мы вряд ли будем встречаться часто.
Is it likely that he will come? - Есть ли вероятность (вероятно ли), что он придет?
Probably
Наречие probably широко употребляется для выражения вероятности в настоящем, будущем и прошедшем:
1) после глагола to be (am, is, are, was, were)
He is probably a student. - Он, наверное, студент.
He’s probably at home now. - Он, наверное, дома сейчас.
She's probably still at work. - Она, наверное, еще на работе.
2) между подлежащим и сказуемым, если сказуемое состоит из одного слова:
He probably lives near here. - Он, наверное, живет поблизости.
I probably left my keys at home. - Я, наверное, оставил свои ключи дома.
3) если глагол употреблен в сложной форме, наречие ставится между вспомогательным и смысловым глаголом:
She’ll probably go to Spain in the summer.- Она, наверное, поедет в Испанию этим летом.
She hasn’t probably seen him yet. - Она, наверное, еще не виделась с ним.
She is probably sleeping. - Она, наверное, спит.
4) в отрицательных предложениях употребляется перед вспомогательным глаголом с частицей not:
There probably won’t be any results. - Никаких результатов, вероятно не будет.
He probably didn’t see her. - Он, должно быть, не видел ее.
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