Unit 2
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UNIT 2MONEYВидеоряд
Section AWord fileПрочтите словарь вслух, повторяя за преподавателем
MoneyПрочтите текст вместе с преподавателем и ответьте на вопросы
Money is used for buying and selling goods, for measuring value and for storing wealth. A society as developed as ours could not do without money. In a modern economy people receive their wages in the form of money and then buy what they want with the money earned. However, people lived, and traded with each other, for many thousands of years without money. The earliest form of trade was barter. Barter is a system of direct exchange of goods. Early American settlers could exchange beads or knives, for example, for furs trapped by the Indians. Barter, however, involves many difficulties because people's needs are often different. People needed a new system of exchange. In many parts of the world many things recognised as having value have become widely used as mediums of exchange - salt, ivory, elephant tusks, tobacco, cocoa beans, shells etc. Gold and silver gradually took over as particularly suitable for a medium of exchange because they are scarce and keep their value. When made into coins they were portable, durable, divisible. They could be polished to look nice. The value of such 'coins' was measured by weight. Weighing the metal in scales was a long but necessary process. Until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries coins were given monetary worth based on the exact amount of metal contained in them. Over the centuries the value of coinage in terms of the metal content has been lowered. Most modern coins are based on their face value. They are made of alloys that are worth less in themselves, than the exchange value of the coins in daily use. For many centuries of their existence coins have been made not only of metal but, for example, of plastic and in China even from pressed tea leaves. Nowadays most gove rnments issue paper money in the forms of notes which are obviously lighter and quicker to handle than a lot of coins. A banknote is a 'promise to pay' the bearer, by a bank. They became usual in payment. The importance of banknotes gradually declined as other types of money emerged to meet the needs of an expanding economy. Cheques have become the most important type of money for transactions. A cheque is an order to a bank, signed by the account-holder, to pay money out of his account. They are safer to use than currency because they are valueless until signed. Credit Cards have developed as the next important step in organising payment. A traveller or a housewife doing shopping need no longer carry much cash with them. Today, especially in the United States, many places, such as airports, hotels, supermarkets, filling stations prefer to accept credit cards. It is easy to imagine a world where 'money' in the form of coins and paper currency will no longer be used. So what is money? In functional terms whatever is used as money is money. Money can be bought and sold like other commodities. It is not only a medium of exchange but also a unit of account. The unit of account established by the United States government is the dollar, in Great Britain, it is the pound sterling, in Germany, it is the deutsche mark. Exercise 1
Начало формы 1. I'd like to change this one-dollar note into  machine.2. Every country has its own special 3. The company has got a lot of in its bank account.4. It costs fifty dollars if you are paying It'll be a little more if you pay cheque.5. The first paper currency by the US government took the form of the United States notes.6. The economic value of money as a in place of barter plays an important role in human progress.7. In the process of trade by a person who wants to buy apples and has fish to sell must combine the acts of purchase and sale.8. In addition to its function as a medium of exchange, money also serves as a Exercise 2
1. People needed a more practical system of exchange in place of barter.  truefalse2. The value of metal coins has always been measured by weight. truefalse3. Coins have been made of metal, alloys and sometimes of unusual materials. truefalse4. The unit of account measures the value of things. truefalse5. The medium of exchange consists primarily of coins, paper money, cheques and credit cards. truefalse6. A cheque is a 'promise to pay' the bearer, by a bank. truefalse7. Only credit cards are accepted at the airports, hotels and filling stations in the US for security reasons. truefalse8. Banknotes and coins are no longer as important as they used to be because other types of money are taking over them. truefalse9. It is impossible to imagine future without traditional forms of money. truefalse10. The unit of account measures the value of things, just as grams and kilograms measure weight, and centimetres and meters measure length. truefalseSection BHave - have got Утвердительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Отрицательная форма
Прошедшее время I had an English lesson yesterday (not: I had got…) You didn't have a computer a year ago. Did she have a bicycle when she was a child? Have для выражения действия
Прошедшее неопределенное время (Past Simple) Утвердительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная формa
Прошедшее продолженное время (Past Continuous)
Section CRecruiting job candidates Who is the best for the post of an accountant in your accounts department? It's not easy to choose! You are a chief accountant in a company. You and a personnel manager are discussing two candidates. You have already interviewed them and studied their resumes. Come on! P.M. That was exhausting! What do you think, Tom? We've got to choose one of the two. C.A. Well, Robert, they both impressed me in different ways but I suppose Smith has more experience. P.M. Oh, yes. He's worked for a commercial bank and an investment company... C.A. I see... Campbell has been in publicity for a number of years and, actually, her qualifications are not less impressive than Smith's. P.M. Well, I think we must accept that in our business experience is more vital than qualifications. Campbell is too young to have had enough experience. C.A. Yes, I agree, but I don't think you should rule out her completely. Only she can start work immediately. Still, I was impressed by Campbell's knowledge of our business despite her career so far. P.M. Very difficult, isn't it? We have to decide and tell the director by next Monday, Tom. We are interested in someone who's got some knowledge of Russian market. C.A. It's Campbell. What is her present salary? P.M. Just a moment... She's currently on $35,000. C.A. Well, if we recommend her do you think she'll accept $40,000? P.M. Oh, surely, she will, it is a rise. But is it enough for her future responsibilities? C.A. Well, it's initial. There're bright prospects for her future promotions, if she's got vital ideas. Exercise 3
1. бухгалтерия -  2. главный бухгалтер - 3. управляющий по кадрам - 4. изнурительно (утомительно) - 5. больше опыта - 6. инвестиционная компания - 7. отдел по связям с общественностью - 8. более существенны - 9. Исключать - 10. в настоящий момент - 11. будущие обязанности - 12. перспективы дальнейшего повышения - Check your comprehension
A fool and his money are soon parted Do you keep your money in a bank? under a pillow? in a purse? in a wallet? or may be in a pocket? Have you ever had your pocket picked? Have you ever lost your money? Section DUsing the Telex and the Fax Telexes and faxes are used for information which is urgent for you to have or to pass. Telexes are short, exact and clear. Telex messages can be sent for 24 hours a day even if the teleprinter is unattended. The language of the telex message is similar to the language used in the telegram. Telexes are written without the Opening Salutation or the Complementary Closing. The fax is used not only for transmitting information expressed in words but also for drawings and diagrams which the business parties have to study. International telex abbreviations
Word file
Exercise 4 Mark the sentences which are true to the text. 1. The telex and the fax are fast means of communication. true 2. A sender can transmit telex messages only during the working hours. true 3. You can't send the telex without the Opening Salutation and the Complementary Closing. true 4. The language of the telex message is similar to the language of telegram messages. true 5. Faxes are used for transmitting drawings and diagrams only. true Exercise 5
1. вышлите телексом подтверждение - 2. затраты на транспортировку - 3. сообщите нам - 4. осуществлять платеж - 5. как можно скорее - Exercise 6 Read the telex message and give the answer Yes or No to the following questions.
1. Was the fax sent to Mr. Taylor? yesno 2. Was the order of August 25 2001 sent by Chemists Ltd.? yesno 3. Was the fax begun with the Opening Salutation? yesno 4. Will the order be effected later? yesno 5. Will the situation be corrected by Nash Finance Group? yesno Конец формы | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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