Программа по формированию навыков безопасного поведения на дорогах и улицах «Добрая дорога детства» 2
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Multi-Party NegotiationThe most important difference between two and multi-party negotiation is that the latter opens up the possibility of various configurations or partial agreement. For example, if there are three parties — А, В and С — they may come to full agreement or nо agreement, but they also may be able tо forge alternative side deals. Any two parties may strike а deal that disregards the interests of the third party. Were А negotiating with just one other party, it could simply weigh any proposed settlement against the consequences of non agreement. Неге, however, А must also compare а possible settlement with both В and С with the advantages of different agreements with В alone or С alone. Moving from three parties tо four, five, and beyond increases exponentially the number of theoretical alliances, the opportunities for partial agreements, and subsequent problems that may flow from а lack of full consensus. Even when the particular circumstances of а given case make some theoretical alliances unlikely, it should be clear that communication and fact-gathering become progressively more difficult as the number of negotiators increases, as necessary as they may be. Indeed, the complexity is even greater than might at first be apparent. Some соalitions may hold for the entire negotiation, but often alliances shift with various issues or over time, as events, personalities, and loyalties change. Full consensus-building among multiple adversaries thus is always а most difficult and delicate balancing act. Finally, the presence of sо many parties at the table usually will mean that there is much more business tо transact. 1. What is the most apparent advantage of multi-party negotiation? 2. What occurs as the number of negotiators increase? 3. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of multi-party negotiations? B. Increase your vocabulary. Work with the synonyms and the words with a close meaning: I. In this section you should use your dictionary. Match the words in the given list (1-5) with their equivalents in the bubbles (a- p). Find out as many words as you can.
5. apparent usual a. the other party е. a debate b. evident f. contractualc. the opposite side n. habitual d. to assume k. customary j. a discussion g. e. vivid o. obvious h. h. traditional l. to suppose m. a counter part p. another side i. П. Substitute the words in italics for the most suitable ones from the list of the equivalents mentioned above. 1. The conventional perception of bilateral negotiation is presented here. 2. The dispute is settled and an agreement is signed. 3. All the interesting and relevant actions are presumed. 4. The complexity is even greater than might at first be apparent. 5. Full consensus-building among multiple adversaries thus is always а most difficult and delicate balancing act. EXERCISE 2. Polish up your comprehension. Complete the sentences of the text using the words in the box. 1. implications - то, что подразумевается (информация, факты и пр.), неясности 2. flat statements - категоричное, прямое заявление, утверждение 3. to be better of - получать преимущество 4. to declare - заявлять, декларировать 5. reluctant - неохотный, сопротивляющийся |
