Методические указания по выполнению контрольных работ №1,2 Для самостоятельной работы студентов-заочников
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VI. Which word in each group is the odd one out? Circle the odd word. 1. rely , repudiate, refuse, reject 2. mitigate, lessen, relieve, intensify 3. damages, compensation. injury, reparation 4. option , occasion, choice , alternative 5. reluctant, curious, hesitant, unwilling VII. Read the text. Translate paragraphs 1 and 2. Antimonopoly Control 1. Certain transactions (including mergers, acquisitions, establishment of new companies, purchase and sale of shares and/or assets) are subject to antimonopoly control. The prior approval or post transaction notification of the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) is required if certain thresholds are reached in terms of balance sheet value of the assets or revenue or market share of the companies involved in the transaction. 2. Generally, the FAS approvals have been routinely granted. However, there have been situations when the FAS used its authority to prevent foreign companies from acquiring certain assets or enterprises. Due to recent amendments to antimonopoly legislation, the FAS is now entitled to inspect the compliance of any business entity with antimonopoly regulations. Scheduled inspections are to be conducted regularly every three years. Unscheduled inspections may be held more frequently if the FAS receives information on any violations of antimonopoly legislation from various sources. 3. Companies present in Russia must be prepared for potential FAS inspections ahead of time, since companies may receive notification of an upcoming FAS inspection as late as three working days in advance for a scheduled inspection and only 24 hours in advance for an unscheduled inspection. If an organization fails to present the documents to the FAS or is late in presenting them, it may be fined up to RUB 500,000 (i.e., approx. US$ 16,565). Mark the sentences True (T), False (F) or No information (NI) 1. Companies should not be prepared for potential inspections. 2. The fine is RUB500,000. 3. Russian legislation sets certain limits for foreign investments in specified areas of the Russian economy. Complete the box with your answers:
Read paragraph 1 and answer the question in writing: What transactions are subject to antimonopoly control? VIII. Use the link below, watch the Video “Attorney General” and Give a brief comparison of the UK and US term . http://www.translegal.com/legal-english-lessons Английский язык Контрольная работа №2 Вариант 1 I. Match these adjectives (1-5) with their synonyms (a-e) 1) voluntary a) huge 2) key b) traditional 3) vast c) private 4) confidential d) important 5) conventional c) optional Fill the answers in the box:
1) expressly authorized a) will not be fault of 2) provided that b) the date something stops being valid or ends 3) shall inform c) if this has been done 4) proprietor d) if 5) expiry e) given the legal power to do something 6) shall not involve the responsibility of f) will tell 7) failing this g) owner Fill the box with your answers:
II. Choose the correct options to complete this text, in which a lawyer explains what quiet enjoyment means to a client For each number 1- 8, write the suitable word in the right column of the box. There is an example at the beginning (1). Example: 1 normally
A covenant for quiet enjoyment is 1) normal/normally contained in any 2) good-/well-drafted lease. The term “quiet enjoyment” refers to the right of a tenant to use and enjoy a property and not to be interrupted by an act of the landlord. It doesn’t 3) actual/actually refer to noise, as you might think. For example, there are 4) specific/specifically things a landlord may not do, such as 5) continual/continually obstruct access to the premises. He is also not permitted to cut off or 6) persistent/persistently interrupt the gas or electricity supply. However, a 7) temporary/temporarily inconvenience does not qualify as breach of the covenant of quiet enjoyment, and so landlord is permitted to carry out 8) essential/essentially repairs, for example. III. Choose the correct preposition using the prepositions in the box.
1. takes place … the issuance of shares 2. together…. the division of the share capital 3. opposed …. authorized capital 4. refers…. shares 5. held… shareholders 6. receive fixed capital irrespective … performance Complete the table with your answers:
IV. Fill in the gaps (1-6) with the word or phrase from the box below:
Dear Jan, You asked about dealing disclosure rules in takeovers. Below is a summary of rule 8.3 of the City Code on Takeovers and Merges, which everyone must 1)…….. or risk disciplinary action. “ Under the provisions of Rule 8.3 of City Code on Takeovers and Merges ( the “Code”), if any person is, or becomes, “interested” (directly or indirectly) in 1% or more of any class of “relevant securities” of [ the offeror or of] the 2)……………company, all “dealings” in any “3)…………………..” of that company(including by means of an option in respect of, or a derivative referenced to, any such “relevant securities”) must be publicly 4)……………..by no later than 3.30 pm(London time) on the London business day following the date of the relevant transaction. This requirement will continue until the date on which the 5)……………. becomes, or is declared, unconditional as to acceptances, lapses or is otherwise withdrawn or on which the offer period” otherwise ends. If two or more persons act together pursuant to an agreement or understanding , whether formal or informal, to acquire an “interest” in “relevant securities” of [the 6)…………or] the offeree company, they will be deemed to be a single person for the purpose of Rule 8.3 Fill the answers in the box:
V. Match the beginnings and endings 1) They can either get rid 2) …or they may in some way express 3) All directors must answer 4) A two-tier board consists 5) The supervisory board is made 6) There is reliance 7) The supervisory boards are legally a) of an executive board and supervisory board. b) their concern. c) up of ouside experts. d) bound to incorporate employee representation. e) to the annual meeting. f) of their shares… . g) on the supervisory board for overseeing the management. Complete the box with your answers:
VI. Complete these three complex sentences using the words in the box below each sentence. 1.Patents….rather different from … and….in that they have to be … to be…, patents give… to… others from…. or… using an … .
2. Trade …. give … … to use a … sign within a particular range of … or … – they generally do not … others … using the same … in unrelated …, and the … … prevent … of the public from using … marks.
3. Copyright … typically have the … right to … and sell copies of the …, however, there are … exceptions to this …, such as those … by the … use doctrine in the USA and the fair dealing … in the UK and many other … law countries.
VII. Read and write the translation of the paragraphs 1, 2, 4 from the text below. The Antitrust Laws 1. Congress passed the first antitrust law, the Sherman Act, in 1890 as a "comprehensive charter of economic liberty aimed at preserving free and unfettered competition as the rule of trade." In 1914, Congress passed two additional antitrust laws: the Federal Trade Commission Act, which created the FTC, and the Clayton Act. With some revisions, these are the three core federal antitrust laws still in effect today. 2. The antitrust laws proscribe unlawful mergers and business practices in general terms, leaving courts to decide which ones are illegal based on the facts of each case. Courts have applied the antitrust laws to changing markets, from a time of horse and buggies to the present digital age. Yet for over 100 years, the antitrust laws have had the same basic objective: to protect the process of competition for the benefit of consumers, making sure there are strong incentives for businesses to operate efficiently, keep prices down, and keep quality up. Here is an overview of the three core federal antitrust laws. 3. The Sherman Act outlaws "every contract, combination, or conspiracy in restraint of trade," and any "monopolization, attempted monopolization, or conspiracy or combination to monopolize." Long ago, the Supreme Court decided that the Sherman Act does not prohibit every restraint of trade, only those that are unreasonable. For instance, in some sense, an agreement between two individuals to form a partnership restrains trade, but may not do so unreasonably, and thus may be lawful under the antitrust laws. On the other hand, certain acts are considered so harmful to competition that they are almost always illegal. These include plain arrangements among competing individuals or businesses to fix prices, divide markets, or rig bids. These acts are "per se" violations of the Sherman Act; in other words, no defense or justification is allowed. 4. The penalties for violating the Sherman Act can be severe. Although most enforcement actions are civil, the Sherman Act is also a criminal law, and individuals and businesses that violate it may be prosecuted by the Department of Justice. Criminal prosecutions are typically limited to intentional and clear violations such as when competitors fix prices or rig bids. The Sherman Act imposes criminal penalties of up to $100 million for a corporation and $1 million for an individual, along with up to 10 years in prison. Under federal law, the maximum fine may be increased to twice the amount the conspirators gained from the illegal acts or twice the money lost by the victims of the crime, if either of those amounts is over $100 million. 5. The Federal Trade Commission Act bans "unfair methods of competition" and "unfair or deceptive acts or practices." The Supreme Court has said that all violations of the Sherman Act also violate the FTC Act. Thus, although the FTC does not technically enforce the Sherman Act, it can bring cases under the FTC Act against the same kinds of activities that violate the Sherman Act. The FTC Act also reaches other practices that harm competition, but that may not fit neatly into categories of conduct formally prohibited by the Sherman Act. Only the FTC brings cases under the FTC Act. 6. The Clayton Act addresses specific practices that the Sherman Act does not clearly prohibit, such as mergers and interlocking directorates (that is, the same person making business decisions for competing companies). Section 7 of the Clayton Act prohibits mergers and acquisitions where the effect "may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly." As amended by the Robinson-Patman Act of 1936, the Clayton Act also bans certain discriminatory prices, services, and allowances in dealings between merchants. The Clayton Act was amended again in 1976 by the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act to require companies planning large mergers or acquisitions to notify the government of their plans in advance. The Clayton Act also authorizes private parties to sue for triple damages when they have been harmed by conduct that violates either the Sherman or Clayton Act and to obtain a court order prohibiting the anticompetitive practice in the future. In addition to these federal statutes, most states have antitrust laws that are enforced by state attorneys general or private plaintiffs. Many of these statutes are based on the federal antitrust laws. |
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