Программа по формированию навыков безопасного поведения на дорогах и улицах «Добрая дорога детства» 2
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Warming upEx. 1. Discussion “Bitter experience”. Discuss your own experience and the viruses that infected your computer or the computers of your friends. Mainstream Ex.2. Learning facts. 1. Read and retell the texts 1. E-mail virusAn e-mail virus is computer code sent to you as an e-mail note attachment which, if activated, will cause some unexpected and usually harmful effect, such as destroying certain files on your hard disk and causing the attachment to be remailed to everyone in your address book. Although not the only kind of computer virus, e-mail viruses are the best known and undoubtedly cause the greatest loss of time and money overall. The best two defenses against e-mail viruses for the individual user are (1) a policy of never opening (for example, double-clicking on) an e-mail attachment unless you know who sent it and what the attachment contains, and (2) installing and using anti-virus software to scan any attachment before you open it. (However, some e-mail viruses may be so new when your receive them that your anti-virus software may not yet be familiar with it.) Business firewall servers also attempt, but not always successfully, to filter out e-mail that may carry a virus attachment. The Melissa virus macro virus and the ILOVEYOU virus are among the best publicized of recent e-mail viruses. Each of these also spawned copycat variations with different words in the subject line. Microsoft has been criticized for allowing its widely-used Outlook e-mail program to be so easily exploited by virus creators. Some users indicate that other e-mail programs such as Eudora offer the user more protection. 2. Macro virus A macro virus is a computer virus that "infects" a Microsoft Word or similar application and causes a sequence of actions to be performed automatically when the application is started or something else triggers it. Macro viruses tend to be surprising but relatively harmless. A typical effect is the undesired insertion of some comic text at certain points when writing a line. A macro virus is often spread as an e-mail virus. A well-known example in March, 1999 was the Melissa virus. 3. Worm In a computer, a worm is a self-replicating virus that does not alter files but resides in active memory and duplicates itself. Worms use parts of an operating system that are automatic and usually invisible to the user. It is common for worms to be noticed only when their uncontrolled replication consumes system resources, slowing or halting other tasks. This term is not to be confused with WORM (write once, read many). 4. Trojan horseIn computers, a Trojan horse is a program in which malicious or harmful code is contained inside apparently harmless programming or data in such a way that it can get control and do its chosen form of damage, such as ruining the file allocation table on your hard disk. In one celebrated case, a Trojan horse was a program that was supposed to find and destroy computer viruses. A Trojan horse may be widely redistributed as part of a computer virus. The term comes from Greek mythology about the Trojan War, as told in the Aeneid by Virgil and mentioned in the Odyssey by Homer. According to legend, the Greeks presented the citizens of Troy with a large wooden horse in which they had secretly hidden their warriors. During the night, the warriors emerged from the wooden horse and overran the city. 5. Stealth virus In computer security, a stealth virus is a computer virus that uses various mechanisms to avoid detection by antivirus software. Generally, stealth describes any approach to doing something while avoiding notice. Viruses that escape notice without being specifically designed to do so -- whether because the virus is new, or because the user hasn't updated their antivirus software -- are sometimes described as stealth viruses too. Stealth viruses are nothing new: the first known virus for PCs, Brain (reportedly created by software developers as an anti-piracy measure), was a stealth virus that infected the boot sector in storage. Typically, when an antivirus program runs, a stealth virus hides itself in memory, and uses various tricks to also hide changes it has made to any files or boot records. The virus may maintain a copy of the original, uninfected data and monitor system activity. When the program attempts to access data that's been altered, the virus redirects it to a storage area maintaining the original, uninfected data. A good antivirus program should be able to find a stealth virus by looking for evidence in memory as well as in areas that viruses usually attack. The term stealth virus is also used in medicine, to describe a biological virus that hides from the host immune system. 6. Hybrid virus A hybrid virus (sometimes called a multi-part or multipartite virus) is one that combines characteristics of more than one type to infect both program files and system sectors. The virus may attack at either level and proceed to infect the other once it has established itself. Hybrid viruses can be very difficult to eradicate and, unless completely eradicated, will often reinfect the host system repeatedly. In general, viruses fall into one of three classes: macro viruses, file infectors (also known as program infectors), and system or boot-record infectors. Macro viruses, which are fairly common and often less harmful than other types, infect a word processing application and typically insert unwanted words or phrases. A hybrid virus usually combines the approaches of the two latter types in order to maximize damage and resistance to removal. File infector viruses attack executable files on your hard drive. Each time you run the file, you unknowingly invoke the virus which, in turn, delivers its payload to your system. System or boot-record infectors infect executable code found in certain system areas on a disk, infecting the portion of your hard drive that contains the operating system instructions telling the computer how to start up. These viruses are invoked each time the computer starts. Because getting rid of a hybrid virus can be such a difficult process, most security experts recommend prevention rather than cure, and suggest that people follow common sense security procedures; these include: running good anti-virus software and keeping virus definitions updated, practicing caution with e-mail and never opening an unexpected attachment or downloading a program from a questionable source. 2. Give Russian equivalents to filter out e-mail the best publicized to spawn to halt apparently file allocation table executable file or code to invoke 3. Give English equivalents приложение attachment пересылать по почте remail проверить на наличие (вирусов) to scan уничтожать erdicate сомнительный questionable 4. Translate: e-mail viruses are the best known and undoubtedly cause the greatest loss of time and money overall to reside in memory to consume system resources a celebrated case resistance to removal to practice caution Ex. 3.Grammar and vocabulary. 1. Do you know what the first wild spread virus was? What are the oldest viruses you can remember? 2. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words given in the box. You should use some of them more than once. accessed booted copied created elapsed infected intended passed reported spread stored uninfected |
