Downing Street [’dauniŋ] - Даунинг-стрит
Westminster Abbey [’wesminstə’r æbi] - Вестминстерское аббатство
William the Conqueror [’wiljəm ðe ’kɔŋkərə] – Вильгельм Завоеватель (прозвище Вильгельма, герцога Нормандского, под предводительством которого в 1066 норманны завоевали Англию; стал английским королём Вильгельмом I)
Eros [’erɔs] - Эрос, Эрот (разговорное название памятника известному филантропу графу Шафтсбери в центре площади Пиккадилли в Лондоне)
St. Paul’s Cathedral [seint ’pɔ:lz kə’θi:drl] – собор Св.Павла
Sir Christopher Wren [’kristəfə ’ren] – сэр Кристофер Рен
Renaissance [rə’neisəns] – эпоха Возрождения, Ренессанс
the Mall [mæl] - Мэлл (улица в центральной части Лондона; ведёт от Трафальгарской площади к Букингемскому дворцу)
the Crown Jewels [’kraun ’ʤuəlz] - драгоценности из королевской казны
Hyde Park [’haid] - Гайд-Парк
Regent’s Park [’ri:ʤənts] - Риджентс-Парк
Kensington Gardens [’kensiŋtən] - Кенсингтон-Гарденз
The Tate Gallery [’teit ’gæləri] - Галерея Тейт
Madam Tussaud’s [’mædəm ’tju:səs] - Музей мадам Тюссо
II. Words and word combinations to be remembered / Слова и словосочетания для заучивания:
financial and business centre
district
county
borough
entertainment
statesman
scientist
residential area
prison
architecture
architect
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финансовый и деловой центр
район
графство
административный район
развлечение
государственный деятель
учёный
жилой район
тюрьма
архитектура
архитектор
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fortress
sight
armour
fashionable
ancient
originally
to erect
to commemorate
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крепость
достопримечательность
доспехи
модный
древний
изначально, первоначально
возводить
увековечить
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to lead to
to contain
to crown
to host
to be buried
to cover an area
to be crowded
to extend
to be associated with
to be inhabited
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вести к чему-либо
содержать в себе
короновать
принимать гостей; выступать в роли хозяина, принимающей стороны
охватывать, занимать территорию
быть оживленным, заполненным людьми
простираться
ассоциироваться, связываться с чем-либо
быть населенным, заселённым
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III. Read and translate the text. Divide it into logical parts and entitle each of them. / Прочитайте и переведите текст. Разделите его на части и озаглавьте их.
IV. Give English equivalents for these word combinations. / Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык:
Самый важный морской порт;
деловой и финансовый центр;
изначально был ограничен;
почти опустевший;
состоит из отдельных округов;
простирается;
возведенная, чтобы увековечить победу адмирала Нельсона;
главная резиденция британского монарха;
смена караула;
на охране традиционные меховые кивера и алые мундиры;
на месте старого Вестминстерского Дворца;
поблизости от зданий парламента;
она всегда многолюдна;
связанная с журналистикой Британии;
прекрасный образец архитектуры Ренессанса (эпохи Возрождения);
высказать свои взгляды кому угодно;
сильно индустриализован;
жилые районы населены иммигрантами.
V. Ask and answer the questions using functional phrases. / Задайте вопросы и ответьте на них, используя функциональные фразы:
I think
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я думаю
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I suppose
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я полагаю
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I know for certain
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я знаю наверняка
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as a rule
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как правило
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for the most part
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главным образом
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on the whole
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в целом
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as a matter of fact
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фактически, на самом деле
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Where London is situated.
How many Londons there are actually.
What the City of London is.
What the County of London is composed of.
What the population of Greater London is.
What the West End is famous for.
Why Trafalgar Square was so named.
Where the Mall leads.
What Buckingham Palace is.
If Whitehall is the name of a palace or a street.
Where the residence of the British Prime Minister is situated.
How you know when the Parliament is sitting.
Why the universal symbol of London is called Big Ben.
What Westminster Abbey is famous for.
What a round square with the statue of Eros in its centre is called.
What the main sights of the City of London are.
What park Speakers’ Corner is situated in.
How many museums and galleries you know.
What the East End is.
If there are some immigrants in London.
VI. Agree or disagree with the following statements using one of the expressions. Add some details. / Выразите согласие или несогласие со следующими утверждениями, используя одно из данных выражений. Расширьте свой ответ, дополнив некоторую информацию:
Yes, that’s true.
I agree with you completely.
Right you are.
Quite so.
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I don’t think that’s quite right.
I’m afraid I don’t agree with you.
That’s not quite so.
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London is not only the capital of the UK but it’s also the capital of England.
Originally there was the City of London.
Another name for London is the Square Mile.
London covers an area about 311 square km.
The East End hosts theatres, cinemas, museums, picture galleries and the famous London’s parks.
Nelson’s Column was erected to commemorate the victory of Admiral Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
The Mall runs north-west of Trafalgar Square and leads to Piccadilly Circus.
The Changing of the Guard takes place at Buckingham Palace.
Downing Street No.10 is the official residence of the British Queen.
Big Ben is the name of the clock.
You can see the ancient Coronation Chair in Westminster Abbey.
Piccadilly Circus is a round square with the statue of Eros in the centre of it.
The Strand is a street associated with British journalism.
St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower of London are situated in the City of London.
The Tower of London is considered to be a fine specimen of Renaissance architecture.
The Tower is a museum of armour and the place where the Crown Jewels are kept.
Speakers’ Corner is situated on the edge of Regent’s Park.
Working people live in the East End.
VII. Make up 10 indirect questions based on the text and answer them. Use functional phrases of clarifying. / Составьте 10 косвенных вопросов по тексту и дайте на них ответы. Используйте функциональные фразы:
Do you mean that … ?
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Вы имеете в виду, что … ?
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Are you saying that … ?
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Вы говорите о том, что … ?
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I’m afraid I don’t understand what … mean(s).
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Боюсь, я не понимаю, что … означает.
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I’d like to know what / when / why / how / who / if … .
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Я бы хотел знать что / когда / почему / как / кто / ли … .
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Could you tell me what / when / why / how / who / if … ?
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Не могли бы вы сказать мне что / когда / почему / как / кто / ли … ?
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VIII. Use the verbs in brackets in the proper tense and voice form. / Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в нужную видовременную форму:
London (to lie) in the valley of the Thames.
There (to be) several Londons.
The City (to found) by the Romans.
The County of London (to have) the population of three and a half million.
Greater London (to extend) for more than 30 kilometers in every direction.
London (to divide) into the West End and the East End.
Admiral Nelson (to win) the battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
Look! The Guard (to change) at Buckingham Palace.
Have you ever (to hear) Big Ben ringing?
The new building for the Houses of Parliament (to build) in 1840.
While Parliament (to sit), a flag (to fly) from the Victoria Tower.
Big Ben (to get) its name in the 19-th century.
Most British Monarchs since William the Conqueror (to crown) in Westminster Abby.
Sir Christopher Wren, a famous English architect, (to build) St. Paul’s Cathedral.
The Tower (to be) a fortress, a palace and a state prison until now.
The East End (to include) all the main dock areas and heavily (to industrialize).
IX. Compose dialogues on the following topics. Work in team. / Составьте диалоги по следующим темам. Работайте группами.
You have just returned from London. Tell your friend about it.
You have never been to London. You are eager to know about the city.
You are in Piccadilly Circus. Ask a policeman what is the shortest way to get to the ‘Speakers’ Corner’ in Hyde Park.
Suggest the best possible sightseeing routes in London.
The City of Washington.
Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States of America. It is approximately two hundred miles south of New York. Today the population of Washington, D.C. is over 3, 4 million.
It is situated on both sides of the Potomac River in the District of Columbia.
The site of the city was chosen by George Washington as the national capital when he was the President. He was given 10 years to select it. He was also authorized to name three commissioners to help plan and built the new city.
His choice was accepted by Congress in the act of 1790 having established the Federal District of Columbia.
By 1800 the north section of Washington having been completed, Congress moved from Philadelphia to the new capital. So Washington has been the capital of the USA since 1800.
In the political sense Washington is the centre and the most important city in the USA. It is the centre of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of the Federal Government of the country.
Washington with its low buildings differs from New York, Chicago, Philadelphia and some other American cities with their sky-scrapers. As there is a law forbidding to build structures more than 90 feet high in this city.
The city was planned by a French engineer. While planning it Capitol Hill has been selected as the focal point. Many government buildings are concentrated on the land between the Capitol and the White House. The Capitol is the place of meetings of Congress. In the White House President lives and has his offices.
The city of Washington is divided by the Capitol into four quarters. The streets running north and south, east and west are intersected by avenues. They all form spacious circles and triangles which are developed into small parks. And it makes Washington one of the most carefully planned cities of the USA. Broad avenues named after the states radiate from centres within the rectangular pattern of the streets.
Most of Washington sights are in its centre. To the west of the Capitol runs Constitution Avenue. Many departments are situated there. Between the Fourth and the Seventh Streets along Constitution Avenue one can see the building of the National Gallery of Art. It assembles and maintains a national collection of paintings, sculpture and the graphic arts, representatives of the best in the artistic heritage of America and Europe.
Further to the west along Constitution Avenue one can reach Washington Monument. It was constructed in honour of George Washington. It’s 555 feet high. An elevator carries visitors to the top where they can enjoy the vast panorama of the city.
At the end of the Mall, the parkway stretching from the Capitol to the Potomac, Lincoln Memorial is situated. It was designed by Henry Bacon and made of white marble. Its colonnade of thirty-six columns represents the number of states in the Union at the time of his death.
A marble figure of Lincoln is seated in the centre of the memorial. The side chambers contain materials revealing Lincoln as a fighter against slavery in the USA.
To the south-east of Lincoln Memorial Jefferson Memorial can be found. It is dedicated to Thomas Jefferson, the third president and the author of the “Declaration of Independence”.
Across the Potomac River one can see a five-sided grey building. That’s the Pentagon where the headquarters of the Defense Department are located.
Washington is a good city to visit during any month of the year. It has more trees than any other city in the country. It is especially lovely in April when the cherry trees, a gift from Japan, are in bloom. A great number of people arrive in Washington to enjoy the annual Cherry Blossom Festival.
I. Names / Имена собственные.
Washington, D.C. ['wɔʃɪŋtən] - Вашингтон
the Potomac River [pə'təumæk] - Потомак
the District of Columbia [kə'lʌmbɪə] - (федеральный) округ Колумбия
Congress ['kɔŋgres]- конгресс (орган федеральной системы государственной власти)
Philadelphia [fɪlə'delfɪə] - Филадельфия (город в США, штат Пенсильвания)
Capitol Hill - Капитолийский холм (месторасположение Капитолия (здания конгресса США) в г. Вашингтон)
the White House ['waɪt haus] - Белый дом
Constitution Avenue [kɔn(t)stɪ'tju:ʃ(ə)n 'ævən(j)u :]
the National Gallery of Art ['næʃənəl 'gæl(ə)rɪ]
Lincoln Memorial ['lɪŋkən mə'mɔ:rɪəl]
Jefferson Memorial [mə'mɔ:rɪəl]
the Pentagon ['pentəg(ə)n] - Пентагон, здание Министерства обороны США
the Defense Department [dɪ'fens dɪ'pɑ:tmənt] - Министерство обороны
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