Программа по формированию навыков безопасного поведения на дорогах и улицах «Добрая дорога детства» 2
Скачать 242.43 Kb.
|
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ТРАНСПОРТА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТГРАЖДАНСКОЙ АВИАЦИИ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Кафедра иностранных языковЛ.В. Семенова, Н.Н. Ковалева, Э.Н. ФирсоваАНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ПОСОБИЕ для студентов I курса специальностей 131000, 201300, 220100, 073000, 075600 дневного обучения Москва – 2004ББК 4И (Англ)С30Рецензент канд. филол. наук, доц. Г.Д. Федорова Семенова Л.В., Ковалева Н.Н., Фирсова Э.Н. С30 Английский язык: Пособие. – М.: МГТУ ГА, 2004. – 40 с. Данное пособие издается в соответствии с учебным планом для студентов I курса специальностей 131000, 201300, 220100, 073000, 075600 дневного обучения. Рассмотрено и одобрено на заседаниях кафедры 18.05.04 г. и методического совета 20.05.04 г. Редактор И.В. Вилкова Подписано в печать 06.09.04 г. Печать офсетная Формат 60х84/16 2,5 уч.-изд. л. 2,32 усл.печ.л. Заказ № 1254/ Тираж 600 экз. Московский государственный технический университет ГА125993 Москва, Кронштадтский бульвар, д. 20Редакционно-издательский отдел125493 Москва, ул. Пулковская, д.6а © Московский государственный технический университет ГА, 2004 Lesson I The Electric Current and Its Properties1.Образуйте множественное число от следующих существительных: an electron, a stream, a current, a charge ,a liquid, a gas, an ion, a particle, an atom, an effect, a device, a circuit, a conductor. 2. Запомните образование множественного числа следующих существительных: a) datum-data, phenomenon-phenomena, analysis-analyses, basis-bases, radius-radii, axis-axes, crisis-crises; b) foot-feet, tooth - teeth, child - children, man -men, woman - women. 3. Образуйте существительные от следующих глаголов с помощью суффикса-tion: to move, to direct, tо produce, to generate, to conduct, to act, to constitute, to oppose. 4. Образуйте наречия от следующих прилагательных с помощью суффикса-ly: usual, free, easy, direct, inverse, proportional, different, chemical, electrical, atomic. 5.Назовите существительные, которые имеют общий корень со следующими прилагательными: electric, electronic, metallic, chemical, magnetic, proportional, different, mechanical, mathematical. 6. Поставьте глагол - to be - во множественном числе, сделав при этом соответствующие изменения: a) This is en electron. These are electrons. b) That is a wire. Those are wires. 1) This is a device. That is a lamp. 2) This is a nucleus. That is a complex particle. 3) This is an atom. That is an ion. 4) This is an electric circuit. That is a generator. 7. Поставьте предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме. Например: This is an electric device. Is this an electric device? This is not an electric device. 1) This is a generator. 2) The generator is in the circuit. 3) Those are meters. 4) The resistance of the wire is low. 5) These are low voltage batteries. 8. Прочитайте и переведите текст: The Electric Current and Its PropertiesThe stream or flow of electrons is one form of the electric current. We can easily understand the nature of the electric current on the basis of the electron theory. The current is a flow of charges. The charges are usually electrons. In liquids and gases the charges are ions. An atom is a complex particle in which tiny electrons move around a nucleus. Some of the electrons move freely among the atoms. These are free electrons. Usually free electrons move at random. The electromotive force causes the electrons to move through the metal conductor. There are two types of the electric current, namely: the direct current (d.c. for short) and alternating current (a.c. for short). The electric current can heat a conductor, it can have a chemical action, or it can produce the magnetic effect. The electric current starts to flow from a battery or a generator, passes through wires, lamps, meters end other resistances and returns to its starting point. All these devices and conductors constitute the circuit. If we break the circuit anywhere the electric current stops flowing. The electric current flows only when there is a difference of potential or voltage between the two points in the circuit. The conducting wires and all the devices in the circuit oppose or resist the flow of the electric current. This opposition to the current flow is the resistance. Thus, we can say that the current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance. 9. Дайте краткие ответы на следующие вопросы: Is the electric current a flow of electrons? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 1. Is a generator an electric device? 2. Are voltmeters electric devices too? 3. Is a battery the starting point of the current flow? 4. Is the current inversely proportional to the voltage? 5. Are magnetic effects always useful? 10. Дайте полные ответы на следующие вопросы: 1. What is an atom? 2. What do tiny electrons move around? 3. How do free electrons move? 4. What force causes the electrons to move through the metal conductor? 5. What constitutes the circuit? 6. What is the resistance? 7. In what way (how) does the electric current depend upon the voltage and the resistance? 8. What types of an electric current do you know? 11. Назовите три формы следующих глаголов: to understand, to be, to take, to break, to constitute, to give, to resist, to have, to read, to write, to put, to do. 12. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод конструкции: there is, there are, слов they, their. 1. There are two meters on the table. 2. If there is a difference of potential between the two points in the circuit, the electric current flows in it. 3. There are some new devices in the laboratory. They are on special stands. Their laboratory is modern. 4. There are a lot of electric devices in this shop. They are in use. 5. In a metal there is a large number of electrons which are free and can move through the metal under the action of an electric force. 13. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов cause,make в значении заставлять: 1. The electromotive force causes the electrons to move through the metal conductor. 2. What makes the electrons move through the metal conductor? 3. What makes a satellite go around the earth and stay on its orbit? 4. At some distance above the earth ultra-violet radiation from the sun causes some of the molecules to dissociate from the molecular state to the atomic state. 14. Составьте предложения из следующих слов: 1. Around, a nucleus, move, tiny electrons. 2. Cause, the electromotive force, to move through the metal conductor, the electrons. 3. Can, heat, a conductor, the electric current. 4. The circuit, constitute, all these devices and conductors. 5. To the voltage, is directly proportional, the current. 15. Составьте план пересказа текста. Перескажите текст “The Electric Current and its Properties”. 16. Прочитайте и переведите текст: The Electric Current In any metal there is a large number of electrons which are free. These free electrons can move through the metal under the action of an electric force. When such an electric force is applied to the metal, these electrons can move from one part of the metal to another. This flow of electrons is the electric current. A difference of electrical potential maintains a flow of electrons in conductors. There are different types of electric current, such as direct and alternating. A direct current (DC) is one which always flows through a conducting circuit in one direction although it may vary in magnitude. An alternating current (AC) flows first in one direction and then in the other direction, that is periodically changes its direction. The time of each change of direction is constant. When this current varies with time according to a sine law, it is called sinusoidal. When necessary, AC is transformed to the DC form. An electric current is produced in many different ways. It is generated by different types of apparatus, for instance, an accumulator, a DC or AC generator, or a thermionic tube. 17. Найдите в тексте существительные, которые образованы от следующих глаголов: to act, to flow, to direct, to accumulate, to differ, to generate. 18. Найдите в тексте глаголы, от которых образованы следующие существительные: motion, application, maintenance, variation, change, transformation, production, generation. 19. Найдите в тексте предложения со словом one , которое заменяет существительное. Переведите их. 20. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых глагол-сказуемое стоит в пассивном залоге. Переведите их. 21. Переведите предложения: 1. The production of heat by an electric current is widely used. 2. Currents of electricity can also be produced by certain chemical actions. 3. A direct current is used in the electrical system of an automobile and an airplane, in the tram, telegraph, telephone, in industry, etc. 4. Radiograms as well as music can be sent through the air to distant places because electric current can change its direction many times a second. 22. Напишите 5 вопросов к тексту “The electric current”. Lesson 2 Atom Structure 1. Образуйте множественное число от следующих существительных: a schematic diagram, a nucleus, a proton, a neutron, an orbit, an electron. 2. Образуйте существительные от следующих глаголов с помощью суффикса-tion: to rotate, to conduct, to insulate, to act, to produce, to move. 3. Образуйте существительные от следующих глаголов с помощью суффиксов -er, -or: to conduct, to direct, to produce, to generate, to act, to rotate, to insulate. 4. Образуйте наречия от следующих прилагательных с помощью суффикса –ly: chemical, electrical, physical, tight,easy. 5. Образуйте форму -ing от следующих глаголов: Например: to consist – consisting. to constitute, to produce, to act, to dislodge, to rotate, to heat, to move, to break, to flow. 6. Поставьте глагол-сказуемое в следующих предложениях в форму настоящего продолженного времени (Present Continuous Tense) Например: Each electron (to rotate) on its orbit. Each electron is rotating on its orbit. 1. The electrons (to rotate) around the nucleus, 2. The electrons on the inner orbits (to stick) tightly to the nucleus. 3. The student (to explain) the nature of the electric current on the basis of the electron theory. 4. He (to break) the circuit at this moment. 5. The valence-ring electrons (sit) loosely on their orbit. 7. Прочитайте и переведите текст Atom Structure Fig. I. shows a schematic diagram of atom structure. Each atom consists of electrons and a nucleus. The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. The electrons are rotating around the nucleus. Each electron is rotating on its orbit. The inner ring electrons are rotating on the inner orbits and the outer ring electrons are rotating on the outer orbits. The electrons on the inner orbit are sticking tightly to the nucleus. The outer ring electrons of some materials are easy to dislodge. In conductors the outer ring electrons are easy to dislodge. In insulators they are difficult to dislodge.  Fig.1. A schematic diagram of atom structure 8.Ответьте на вопросы: 1) What does each atom consist of? 2) What are the electrons rotating around? 3) What electrons are sticking tightly to the nucleus? 4) In what materials are the outer ring electrons easy to dislodge? 9. Прочитайте и переведите текст: The Gradual Growth of our Knowledge of Electricity As long ago as 600 B.C., the Greek philosopher Thales knew that amber rubbed with fur or wool would attract small pieces of straw and other light materials. The Greeks also knew that certain rocks of iron ore would attract small pieces of iron. This was also known to the early Chinese, who used this knowledge to make a magnetic compass - a special iron needle that is free to rotate in any horizontal direction. The needle is so attracted by the natural magnetism of the earth that it always turns to the point with a fair degree of accuracy towards the north. The compass made navigation of the ocean simpler and safer. One of the first books showing the connection between magnetism and electricity, based upon actual experiments, was written by Dr. William Gilbert in 1600. It was generally thought that there were two different kinds of electricity: frictional and static electricity — the kind you make when you scuff your feet over a rug or when amber is rubbed with wool — and the kind stored in a cell that can be changed into an electric current. Now we know the two kinds are the same. 10.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на временную форму глагола-сказуемого в страдательном залоге: 1) The tests of new transistors are being conducted in the laboratory. 2) At that time a new receiver for the application in this system was being tested by the engineers. 3) The operation of this system has been studied by the engineers. 4) New transmitting stations are being built in this region. 5) After important data on the Moon conditions had been obtained the scientists began to investigate this problem. 6) Lasers have been built on the basis of transistors and they are successfully used. 7) By that time the problem of long-distance communication had been solved. |
Добавить документ в свой блог или на сайт
