Методические указания по изучению английского языка для специальности -270205. 65
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2. Translate the following word combinations and sentences:
harbour.
hus bands.
won't you?"
speeds.
coats after all.
Keys: 1. explanation; 2. measuring; 3. previous; 4. wheel; 5. charge; 6. backward; 7. step; 8. vehicle; 9. collapse; 10. current; 11. degree Lesson 19 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 hand luggage a) issuing more tickets than there are seats available 2 on standby b) place where passengers wait before leaving 3 overbooking c) card given to passengers who have checked in 4 cancellation d) bags that you can carry on board 5 boarding pass e) waiting to see if there are any empty seats 6 departure lounge f) stopping something that has been planned 2 Complete the sentences with the words from the box. (excursion, trip, tour, crossing, journey) 1. We had a very rough .................. in the Bay of Biscay. 2. His wife's away on a business ............... to Singapore. 3. They've booked a sightseeing ............... of the city on an open-air bus. 4. We arrived in Geneva after a five-hour train................ 5. There's an interesting ............... leaving from the hotel to a nearby Neolithic village. It lasts three and a half hours. 4. Compound nouns. Match the nouns that go together. 1 travel a) board 2 stamping b) pass 3 public c) distance 4 destination d) machine 5 walking e) hire 6 traffic f) train 7 car g) light 8 express h) transport 5. Read and translate the text: SYDNEY’S TRAINS AND BUSES Travelling on Sydney's trains, buses and ferries is not expensive, especially if you use one of the composite tickets or Travel Passes that are readily available from railway stations, newsagents and news stands where the yellow and black ‘Bus tickets sold here' sign is on display. Travel Ten tickets entitle you to make ten bus journeys by public transport. The tickets are colour-coded, according to the number of sections for which they can be used on each journey. These tickets are useful if you need to travel the same route a number of times. Most visitors will require either a Blue Travel Ten (1-2 sections) or a Red Travel Ten (3-9 sections). Most visitors' TravelTen tickets can be transferred from one user to another and can be shared by more than one passenger. The most economical of the composite tickets are the Travel Passes which allow unlimited seven-day travel on buses , trains and ferries as long as you travel within stipulated zones. They are sold in ‘bus only' or ‘bus-ferry' and ‘bus-ferry-train' combinations. The Red Travel Pass, combined ‘bus-ferry-train' ticket, covers all zones included in the usual tourist outings. The slightly more expensive Green Travel Pass allows for bus, train and ferry travel over a wider area. Route numbers and destinations are prominently displayed on the buses and an X in front of the number means it is an express bus. Tickets (one-way only) are bought from the driver. Try to have coins at hand as drivers are not always able to change large notes. You will be given a ticket valid for that journey - if you change buses you will have to pay again. Timetables are found on the bus stop sign or at a nearby shelter. The Sunday timetable also applies to public holidays, except when they fall on a Saturday. In this case, Saturday timetables apply after 6 pm. 6. Read the text and answer the questions. 1 What is this text about? a) visitors to Sydney b) transportation in Sydney c) bus services d) what kind of ticket to buy 2 TravelTen tickets a) are good if you travel the same line frequently. b) can only be used by the purchaser. c) are only valid for seven consecutive days. d) provide unlimited travel on buses and ferries. 3 Visitors travelling regularly from the city to the suburbs should buy a) a TravelTen ticket. b) the Green TravelPass. c) the Red TravelPass. d) the Blue TravelPass. 4 An X in front of the bus numbers means a) it will only stop at certain points. b) only passengers with tickets can get on. c) it is a high-speed bus. d) it does not run at weekends. 5 If January is a bank holiday and falls on a Saturday a) the Saturday timetable applies all day. b) the weekday timetable applies except after 6 pm. c) there are no buses at all that day. d) the Sunday timetable is applicable until 6 pm. 7. Complete the text with words from the box. a) can, b)must, c)required to, d)should, e)allowed to, f)to do, g)not have to DRIVING IN SYDNEY Overseas visitors ............1 use their usual driving licences in New South Wales but ............2 have proof that they are simply visiting. You are also ............3 carry your licence with you whenever you are driving. You ............4 drive without wearing a seat belt. Driving is not the ideal way to get around central Sydney, although a car ............5 be very convenient for journeys into the suburbs and further afield. If you are planning to use a car you ............6 purchase a good street directory. The city centre is often congested and it ...........7 be difficult to find a parking place. Look out for the blue and white ‘P' signs. You ............8 pay at a meter after 6.30pm on weekdays, on Saturday afternoons and all day Sunday. At some intersections, which are clearly signposted, drivers are ...........9 make a left-hand turn at a red light after stopping, but ............10 give way to pedestrians. 8. Translate the text and learn the words printed in italics by heart. Lesson 20 AVOIDING GRIDLOCK 1 Match the descriptions A-E to the pictures below and give reasons for your answers. A). Male driver under 25 years old B). Female driver under 25 years old C). Middle-aged male driver D). Female driver more than 35 years old E). Older driver (55+)  2 How has the artist characterised each driver? What potential road safety hazards are illustrated? 3 Discuss the following questions with another student. Refer to the list of driver types A-E. 1. Who is the safest driver? 2. Who is the most dangerous driver? 3. Who is most likely to drink and drive? 4 With your partner, discuss which is a more significant factor in road accidents : gender or age? You will find the answers to most of the questions in the text below: SMASHING STEREOTYPES In a study titled Male and Female Drivers: How different are they? Professor Frank McKenna of the University of Reading looked at the accident risk between men and women. He found that men drive faster, commit more driving violations, and are more inclined to drink and drive. They look for thrills behind the wheel, while women seek independence. And, although anecdotal evidence might suggest otherwise, women are not starting to drive as aggressively as men. The question of whether, as drivers, women differ from men is important, because it could affect insurance premiums, which are closely geared to accident statistics. Despite the increase in women drivers, McKenna's researchers found no evidence that this is changing accident patterns. It seems that age is far more important than gender in the car. It is the biggest single factor in accident patterns, and, while inexperienced new drivers of both sexes are more likely to be involved in accidents, the study found striking new evidence to confirm that young men drive less safely than any other group. The survey shows that men and women aged 17 to 20 are most likely to be involved in bend accidents - men almost twice as often - but the difference decreases as drivers mature. Nearly half of all accidents, involving young men and one-third of those involving young women take place when it is dark. Again, there is a steady decrease in such accidents as drivers grow older, but gender differences remain significant until drivers reach the age of 55. Although there is little difference between men and women in the distance they keep from the car in front, there are differences across age groups. Young drivers show less regard for the danger of following more closely, and young men are likely to 'close the gap' as an aggressive signal to the driver in front to speed up or get out of the way. Men consistently choose higher speeds than women of the same age and driving experience. "This could be because men seek a thrill when they drive," says McKenna. "Speed choice is one of the most important causes of accidents. But breaking the speed limits is regarded by men as a minor offence." Contrary to public belief, young drivers, as a group, are more likely to avoid drinking alcohol if they are driving, while men in the 30 to 50 age group admitted to drinking the most alcohol before driving. Men are most likely to nod off, probably because they are willing to drive for longer periods without a break – driver fatigue is a significant factor in accidents. According to Andrew Howard, of the Automobile Association,"We have to combat the group that speeds for thrills. The key is how men are brought up to look at the car. It is this which needs to be addressed." [6] NEW WORDS & EXPRESSIONS 1. accident - несчастный случай; катастрофа; авария 2. to commit a violation - нарушить что-л. 3. independence -независимость 4. insurance premium -страховой взнос, страховая премия 5. to gear to -связывать 6. to confirm -подтверждать 7. to involve -втягивать, вовлекать 8. to regard - принимать во внимание , рассматривать 9. to close the gap - заполнить пробел 10. to nod off -клевать носом 11. to avoid gridlock-избежать пробки (на дороге) 5. Answer the questions: Questions 1-3 Answer the following questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. 1. What is women's motivation for driving? 2. Which group of drivers has grown in number in recent years? 3. What is the most significant factor in accident patterns? Questions 4. After what age do men and women drive equally safely at night? Questions 5-9 Classify the following statements (5-9) as applying to A) men in general B) young men in particular C) both young men and young women Example Answer: They are the most likely to have accidents while driving – answer B 5. They may follow another car closely to make the driver go faster. 6. They are more likely to have accidents due to tiredness. 7. They are the least likely to drink and drive. 8. Driving gives them a feeling of excitement. 9. They are the most likely to have accidents bends. Questions 10-15 Do the following statements agree with the information in the text? (Write) TRUE if the statement agrees with the information given FALSE if the statement disagrees with the information given DOES NOT SAY if there is no information about this 10. There is a common belief that women are becoming more aggressive drivers. 11. The results of the study may influence the cost of motor insurance. 12. Young women are most likely to have accidents when driving at night. 13. Men do not consider it very serious to exceed the speed limit. 14. Women are more prone to accidents at junctions than men. 15. Andrew Howard thinks there is little that can be done to reduce accidents. TEXTS FOR ADDITIONAL READING I AIRPORT. INTRODUCTION Airport, transportation center used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft . Airports provide transportation not only for people but also for freight, such as mail, perishable foods, and other important items. An airport is composed of several areas and structures that are designed to serve the needs of both aircraft and passengers. Runways are the long, narrow areas where airplanes take off and land. Taxiways are paths that aircraft follow from the runways to the terminal building, where passengers board and exit aircraft at areas called gates located within the terminal. The terminal also contains ticket and baggage counters. The control tower is located near the terminal. From this tower, people involved in air traffic control coordinate aircraft movement both in the air and on the ground. Maintenance and refueling facilities for aircraft are located near the runways or in nearby hangars. For security purposes, access to major airports is usually limited to special roads. Many airports have large automobile parking areas or multistory ramps to accommodate travelers. Airports are among the busiest transportation centers. The business they create is vital to the world economy and individual national economies. In the United States, over 500 airports provide airline passenger service to about 600 million people annually. These airports also handle about 15 million metric tons of air cargo each year. Canada’s 26 airports in its National Airport System provide service to about 60 million passengers annually. The total annual economic impact of U.S. airports is estimated at over $500 billion. This value includes the price of airfares purchased by passengers, the salaries of airline and airport employees, taxes, and indirect earnings from related businesses and industries. Airports are so important economically that many companies will not locate factories or offices in cities that do not have an adequate airport. The busiest passenger airports in the world are Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport in Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago-O’Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California; Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, near Dallas, Texas; and Heathrow Airport in London, England.
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