Минспорта Чувашии Разговорные темы Подготовка к экзаменам Издание второе, переработанное и дополненное
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The Royal family. At present the British royal family is headed by Queen Elizabeth. When the Queen was born on the 21st of April 1926, her grandfather, King George V, was on the throne and her uncle was his heir. The death of her grandfather and the abdication of her uncle brought her father to the throne as King George VI. As a child she studied constitutional history and law as well as art and music. In addition she learned to ride and acquired her enthusiasm for horses. As she grew older she began to take part in public life, making her first broadcast at the age of 14. The marriage of the young Princess Elizabeth to Philip, Duke of Edinburgh took place in November 1947. She came to the throne after her father’s death in 1952 and was crowned in Westminster Abbey in June 1953. Among Queen Elizabeth’s many duties are the regular visits she makes to foreign countries, and especially those of the Commonwealth, whose interests and welfare are very important to her. The Queen has allowed the BBC to make a documentary film about the every day of the royal family. She also started the tradition of the “walkabout”, an informal feature of an otherwise formal royal visit, when she walks among the public crowds and stops to talk to some people. The annual Christmas broadcast made by the Queen on radio and television has become a traditional and popular feature of the season, and there were widespread celebration and special programmes of events in 1977 to mark her Silver Jubilee. The Queen’s husband, Duke of Edinburgh, was born in 1926 and served in the Royal Navy. He takes a great deal of interest in industry, in the achievements of young people (he founded Duke of Edinburgh’s Award Scheme in 1956) and in saving raise wild animals from extinction. The Queen’s heir is Charles, Prince of Wales, who was born in 1948, married Lady Diana Spencer and has two children, Prince William and Prince Harry. The Prince of Wales is well-known as a keen promoter of British interests. In recent years he has become outspoken on such controversial topics as modern architecture, violence in films and on television, and the standard of English teaching in schools. His wife Diana, Princess of Wales (often called in mass media Princess Di), won the affection of many people by her modesty, shyness and beauty. Unfortunately, she died in a car accident in August, 1997. The Queen’s other children are Princess Anne (born in 1950), Princess Andrew (born in 1960) and Prince Edward (born in 1964). Anne, Princess Royal, has acquired a reputation for being arrogant, but in recent years has become quite popular with the general public. The Queen is widely known for her interest in horses and horse-racing. She is now president of the Save the Children Fund, Chancellor of the University of London and carries out many public engagements. Prince Andrew, Duke of York, served as a helicopter pilot in the Royal Navy. In 1986 he married Miss Sarah Ferguson (Fergie, for short) and has two daughters. Prince Edward is keen on the theatre. This interest began while he was at university. He quit the Royal Marines, and is now pursuing a career with a theatrical company. The Queen Mother, the widow of the late King George VI, celebrated her one hundred birthday in 2000 and died in 2002. The Queen’s only sister, Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, is well-known for her charity work. Words and expressions: royal - королевский heir – наследник death - смерть abdication - отречение Duke – герцог Commonwealth - содружество welfare - благосостояние to signify - выражать keen promoter – ярый защитник outspoken – откровенный, прямой controversial – противоречивый modesty – скромность car accident – автомобильная катастрофа arrogant – высокомерный; надменный; самонадеянный helicopter – вертолёт to pursue – продолжать; заниматься to be keen - сильно увлекаться charity – благотворительность widow – вдова Answer the questions:
The System of Education in the UK. The system of education in Great Britain is rather complicated. By law children go to school at the age of 5. They go to Infant school for two years. At the age of 7 they go to Junior school. So, English children get their Primary education during 6 years. At the age of 11 they take the so called 11 + examination (Eleven plus exam). It is an examination in English and arithmetic. The 11 + examination includes intelligence testing. Each boy or girl is given a printed test paper. On the test paper one can find 100 questions and 5 answers to each question. The pupil must choose the correct answer to each question. Time is limited. Children who have very good results go to Grammar school. Some children go to the Secondary Technical school. Those who have bad results, go to The Secondary Modern school. The Grammar school prepares pupils for Universities or Colleges. Those who study at the Secondary Technical school are taught practical subjects, such as commerce, industry and agriculture. The Secondary Modern school gives a very limited education. There pupils get instruction in woodwork, metal-work, sewing, shorthand, typing and cooking. There is also the Comprehensive School which takes children without any 11 + examinations. At the Comprehensive school children have the opportunity to be taught according to their ability and the level of intelligence. Comprehensive schools were introduced in 1965. The idea of Comprehensive school was supported by the Labour Party. Some pupils of schools of this type leave school at 16 without any real qualification. They do not pass GCE (General Certificate of Education) exams and increase the ranks of unemployed people. It is difficult to imagine the system of education in Great Britain without Independent Schools. They are boarding schools for children from rich families. The most expensive boarding schools in Britain are exclusive public schools like Eton and Harrow Colleges for boys and St. James’ School for girls. When the pupils are 16 they take Ordinary Level (“0” level) examinations in three or four subjects. Those who have passed their “0” level examinations enter the sixth form. In two years they take their Advanced Level examinations (“A” level) in one or two subjects. Those who have passed “A” level examinations can enter Colleges and Universities. Universities accept students mainly on the basis of their “A” level results. After graduating from the University a student gets a degree of Bachelor of Arts or Sciences. Students receive grants to pay for books, accommodation and food. The most famous universities are Oxford and Cambridge. They are called “Oxbridge”. Words and expressions: complicated – сложный by law – по закону primary school – начальная школа infant school – начальная школа (5-7 лет) junior school – начальная школа (7-11 лет) to prepare – готовить to choose – выбирать correct - правильный sewing – шитьё shorthand – стенография comprehensive school – общеобразовательная школа opportunity – возможность ability – способность to support – поддерживать to pass exam – сдавать экзамен unemployed – безработный boarding school – закрытая школа expensive – дорогой ( по цене) GCE (General Certificate of Education) - общее свидетельство об образовании 0- level (Ordinary level) - экзамены по программе средней школы обычного уровня A-level (Advanced level) – экзамены продвинутого уровня Degree - степень Bachelor of Arts or Science – бакалавр в области гуманитарных или естественных наук to receive - получать to pay – платить accommodation – жильё Answer the questions:
My native town - Cheboksary. Chuvashia is poetically called a land of one hundred thousand of songs and one hundred thousand of embroideries. The republic’s capital is Cheboksary, one of the most beautiful and the cleanest cities in Russia. It is situated on the Volga river. Cheboksary (in the Chuvash language – Shupashkar), the population of which approaches 500,000 people, is a city with many-centuries-old history. In the Russian chronicles Cheboksary was first mentioned in 1469 and this year is considered as the year of its foundation. The city plays a very important role in the cultural life of the Volga region. The city has 5 professional and many amateur theatres. One of the theatres is the Chuvash State Academic Theatre named after a remarkable Chuvash poet Konstantin Ivanov. It attracts many people by its interesting plays and different shows. Our Music Theatre of Opera and Ballet is very popular not only in our republic but also in the whole country. There are also many schools, institutes and universities, museums, libraries and beautiful parks in our town. Cheboksary is the seat of the Chuvash government. Our town is divided into three administrative districts: Moskvsky, Leninsky and Kalininsky. Cheboksary is a big industrial centre of our country. There are many factories, plants and offices here. There is the Cheboksary hydro-electric power station. There is also a big airport in our capital. One of the most beautiful and the nicest places of interest in our town is our bay. It’s very nice here especially in summer. There is a monument to our Chuvash mother here. Our bay attracts many tourists all over the world. My friends and I like to walk here. I like my native town with its wide and beautiful streets, its parks and squares. The city is very green and clean. And I hope it will grow more and more and it will be the most remarkable cities in the world. Words and expressions: Native - родной embroidery – вышивка population – население to approach – приближаться, подходить to mention – упоминать to attract – привлекать amateur – любительский remarkable – замечательный government – правительство district – район bay - залив Answer the questions:
My school – Sport College of the Olympic Reserve. I can say I have been happy at school. I believe school is not only walls, but walls are also important. If the building is cosy and comfortable, if it is freshly- painted and repaired, if it is well- equipped, the pupils feel that the state pays attention to their studies, that they will be needed as educated people. I study at Sport College of the Olympic Reserve and I like to study there. I like my school building because it is clearly seen that everything has been designed so as to help the pupils. You can easily find your way around the school. There are three floors in it. On the ground floor you can see a gym, a medical room, a cloakroom, a hostel for our students and pupils and our trainers’ offices. On the first floor you can see a canteen, a computer lab, the classrooms of Russian, Literature, Economy, Psychology, German and other subjects. It is very convenient to have a canteen at school, because we can not only have dinner but we can have a snack – the prices are reasonable and the range of food is rather good. Cakes and buns baked at school are so tasty that I buy them very often. The headmaster’s office and the teachers’ room are also on the first floor. On the second floor you can see an assembly hall, the classrooms of History, Mathematics, Geography, Chemistry, Biology, Physics and English. Our school is very well- equipped. Our computer lab is supplied with ten computers and the computers are available for the students to prepare their papers and reports after lessons. Our classrooms are cosy and home- like, because there are lots of flowers and posters on the walls, nice curtains hang on the windows. We help keep our school clean and tidy by washing the desks and windows every term. The teachers of our school are professionals. They do their best to help us study. My favourite school subject is … because I like the teacher and also it is useful and interesting. The teacher can explain everything in detail. But I’m not very good at Maths and Chemistry. For me these are hard nuts to crack. It is difficult for me to memorize and use formulas. I have got many friends at school. Some of them are my classmates. They share the same interests as I do. My friends are very friendly. I feel that I can rely upon them in difficult circumstances. During the breaks we speak about everything in the world and share all our secrets. It is great to have so many friends. That is why I can say that I was happy at school. Words and expressions: to believe – верить building – здание cosy - уютный repaired – отремонтированный well-equipped – хорошо оборудованный state – государство to pay attention – обращать внимание educated people – образованные люди cloakroom – раздевалка hostel – общежитие canteen – столовая to have a snack – перекусить the prices are reasonable – цена разумная (недорогая) bun – сдобная булочка с изюмом tasty – вкусный headmaster – директор director of studies – завуч form master – классный руководитель is supplied with – снабжён are available for – доступны to explain – объяснять to be good at – хорошо успевать to crack – щёлкать these are hard nuts to crack – они мне трудно даются Answer the questions:
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