Минспорта Чувашии Разговорные темы Подготовка к экзаменам Издание второе, переработанное и дополненное
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Words and expressions: habit - привычка taking drugs – употребление наркотиков they cause different diseases – они вызывают разные болезни one of the worst and harmful habits – одна из самых плохих и вредных привычек cancer – рак blood – кровь heart – сердце brain – мозг loss of memory – потеря памяти drug user – наркоман cough – кашель headache – головная боль skin – кожа smell – запах; пахнуть to affect – влиять unfortunately – к несчастью addiction – привыкание, зависимость to believe – верить dependent – зависимый if I were – если бы я был I would ban – я бы запретил to advertise – рекламировать in conclusion – в заключении to lead a healthy way of life – вести здоровый образ жизни to give up – бросать (привычку) Answer the questions:
Youth problems. There are many problems that young people have to face when they stop being children. Is it easy to be young? Are teenagers happy to be their age? Teenager years from some kind of between the childhood and the grown- up life. At this age all feelings and emotions are very strong , all problems seem very important. There are two types of problems – personal problems and the problems the whole generation has to face. Personal problems can look silly and unimportant to the eyes of grown – ups, who have already passed this period of learning. For the young it is different. The first and terrible thing is misunderstanding from the dearest people – from the parents. They don’t understand why I need to buy certain things, listen to certain music or spend my spare time with peers. My parents still think that I am a baby. But I’m 17, I can make decisions and understand everything concerning my life. That is why I spend much time with my friends. They understand that I’m a grown –up already. The same misunderstanding we face sometimes from the side of the teachers. They think that youth is given for studying. But a person who only studies is dull. Adults try to keep us away from all “dangers” which make up life. But we need to be taken seriously, to meet a friendly hand. Young people need somebody to discuss different problems and relationships with. As long as adults can’t take teenagers seriously, they form their own social groups – “subcultures”. A subculture is a cultural group within a larger culture, which includes certain methods of communication and identification. Some people consider teenagers violent. I think, young person’s violence is usually provoked by the grown –ups around, who don’t take a young person seriously. Many teenagers run away from their parents and homes because of their bad relationships. Most of them begin to smoke, drink alcohol and use drugs. I think, it is terrible. AIDS and early pregnancy is another big problem among young people. Still, I think there are many advantages of being young. When you are young, you are usually healthy, your brain works well, you can study easily what you like. That is why I think that those who are young today will solve many problems of the humankind in the 21st century. Words and expressions: have to face – приходиться сталкиваться it is easy – легко childhood – детство strong – сильный generation – поколение silly – глупый misunderstanding – непонимание I need – мне нужно to spend spare time with peers – проводить свободное время с равными to make decision concerning my life – принимать решение, касающейся моей жизни grown-up – взрослый dull – скучный; унылый we need to be taken seriously – нас нужно принимать серьёзно relationship – отношение adults – взрослые communication – общение to consider – считать violent – жестокий to provoke – вызывать; провоцировать AIDS – СПИД early pregnancy – ранняя беременность to solve problems – решать проблемы humankind – человечество to try – пытаться; стараться to show off – привлечь внимание Answer the questions:
My visit card. My name is Inna, and my last name is Romanova. I am 16 years old. I was born on the 24th of June, in 1992. I am Russian. I live in Cheboksary. My father is a businessman. He is very good at mathematics, physics and chemistry. He helps me with them, when I don’t understand the lessons. He can fix everything in the world – a radio set, a TV set, a telephone, and even our refrigerator! He is also a good sportsman. He goes in for running and swimming. My mother is a housewife. She has much work to do about the house. When I was little, I believed that my mother was a princess. My mother knows many interesting stories, she also sings well. She is a great cook. When she has enough time, she cooks delicious dishes. We are five in the family. I have a younger sister and a brother. They are both pupils. Ann is in the 5th form and Alex is in the 9th form. Our family is very united and hospitable. Our grandfather and grandmother do not live with us. They live in the country. Every summer we go there to rest and help them. I love my grandparents. They are kind- hearted and understanding. I’m a pupil of the 11th form of the Sport college of the Olympic Reserve. I go in for sport very seriously. I’m interested in track and field athletics. I’m Master of Sports and my trainer is a Merited Coach of Chuvashia. We have two trainings every day. We train much, master technique and tactics of our sport and raise our sportsmanship. We often go to a dispensary because we are under Medical Super- Vision of our doctors. After finishing the 11th form I’d like to continue my education here because I like sport very much and I want to become a professional sportsman, then a coach. Words and expressions: to be good at – иметь способности to fix – ремонтировать refrigerator – холодильник to cook delicious dishes – готовить вкусные блюда hospitable – гостеприимный kind-hearted – добрый to rest – отдыхать track and field athletics – лёгкая атлетика Merited Coach – Заслуженный тренер to master – владеть Answer the questions:
Russian and English holidays. Russian people love holidays, any of which is celebrated with lots of food and presents, with real Russian hospitality. Any important moment in the life of a family is treated as a great holiday and is celebrated with relatives, friends and neighbours. But all the holidays can be divided into state, religious and family holidays. State holidays include the New Year’s (the 1st of January), Constitution Day (the 12th of December), Defender of Motherland Day (the 23d of February), Women’s Day (the 8th of March), May Day (the 1st of May), Victory Day (the 9th of May) and Independence Day (the 12th of June). Religious holidays, such as Christmas, Easter and other Christian holidays and other holidays such as Shrovetide are not state holidays, so children go to school, the day is a working one. Still, every year more and more people celebrate these holidays. There are many holidays when some professions are honoured, for example, the Day of Knowledge and the Teacher’s Day. There are also personal, or family holidays such as birthdays, anniversaries, wedding days, days of graduations and other important days. New Year’s Day is, probably, the main holiday in our country. The Russians prepare for it for a long time – everybody buys and makes presents, families and friends discuss the menu. Most people believe it is a family holiday, but young people sometimes gather together to celebrate it. The main symbol of this holiday is a New Year Tree. It is a young fir- tree. The tree is usually decorated with toys and coloured lights. The holiday is a great fun for children because they can stay up late and also because after the holiday they have their school vacation. The most exiting is the moment of receiving presents. In Russia the presents are brought by Father Frost. In Great Britain or in the USA the presents are brought by Santa Claus and put into children’s stockings. At ten minutes to midnight the President makes his traditional speech. Everybody listens to the speech and wishes each other a “Happy New Year!” and drinks champagne. It is a fun and merry holiday. Women’s Day is an international holiday, it started in Europe in 1911, and was for the first time celebrated in Russia in 1913, but now it is not so popular in other countries as it is in Russia. Women’s Day now is the day when men congratulate girls and women, give them presents and flowers, and the housework. May Day used to be a political holiday, but now it is the holiday of spring. It is a state holiday, so nobody goes to school or to work. Victory day is the day when we remember the heroic deeds of our grandfathers during the Great Patriotic war. This holiday is celebrated all over the world. There is a parade of the veterans in the Red Square. This is a very touching holiday. This day we give them presents and flowers. Christmas, Palm Sunday, Easter, and Shrovetide are religious holidays. They are also loved by everybody, but not widely celebrated. One more holiday, which grows more and more popular every year, especially among the young people, is St. Valentine’s Day, the day of those who are in love. Chocolates, postcards and flowers are popular gifts on this holiday. The holiday has come from the English- speaking countries where it is very popular. Words and expressions: to celebrate – отмечать, праздновать hospitality – гостеприимство to treat – обходиться, обращаться relatives – родственники state – государственный Easter – Пасха Shrovetide - Масленица touching – трогательный widely – широко postcard – открытка gift – подарок Answer the questions:
Hobbies. Hobby is an occupation which is not a business done for money. Hobby is something done during one’s leisure time for rest and pleasure. That’s why hobbies are so different – all people are different. The English say, “so many men, so many minds” and “tastes differ”. These proverbs mean that every man has his or her own likes and dislikes, so, he or she gets pleasure from doing different things. I think, hobbies help people learn about the world around them, understand their likes and dislikes. To my mind, any hobby can be entertaining and useful if you do it with wish and pleasure, otherwise it is just of waste of time. There are many kinds of hobbies. One of the most popular hobbies is collecting. People can collect everything. The most popular items are records, postcards, stamps, coins and stickers. A popular hobby is playing games starting from football and volleyball and finishing with computer games and chess. This can be a good hobby, if you do not train too much to ruin your health for sport games, and if you do not spend too much time in- doors for computer games. Such hobby can be good for your health and mind because such games as checks and checkers help you develop your thinking. Outdoor activities are also popular and often become a hobby. In Russia there are many tourists who are fond of hiking and sailing. Some travel by car or by train. Gardening is not very popular in Russia, but it is very popular in Britain. Costume designing, sewing, knitting, stitching and embroidering are usually considered to be women’s hobbies, but it is known that some men do it really well. As for me I go in for sport. I am interested in … . I also like reading. When you read you learn a lot about the world around you, about history and life of other peoples. I think, every man can occupy himself with everything he likes if he has a desire. Words and expressions: occupation – занятие leisure – досуг tastes differ – о вкусах не спорят to my mind – по-моему sticker – наклейка checks and checkers – игра в шашки sewing – шитьё knitting – вязание entertaining – развлекательный useful – полезный to occupy oneself – занять себя desire – желание Answer the questions:
Art. There are many different arts – literature, architecture, sculpture, painting, drawing, music, dance, theatre, cinema and others. There are many styles and genres of art. Popular arts are music, theatre, painting and cinema. People need art as a way they understand the world around them. Though all people are different, everyone has his favourite art. The word “music” originates from the Greek word “Muse”. There were 9 Muses (goddesses) in Greek mythology, each was in charge of an art or science. Music is the art of combining sounds of voices and sounds of musical instruments to produce harmony and express emotions. The word “theatre” also originates from a Greek word. Theatre is not only the art of acting but also dramatic literature and the place where plays are performed. It was the Greek theatre where the main types of plays were defined (tragedy, comedy and drama). For centuries theatre has been the most popular spectator art for both rich and poor people. In Russia puppet theatres with Petrushka and other characters were very popular. Theatre was the place of meeting and dating for the nobles. Paining (the word is of Latin origin) is the art portraying or representing objects with line and colour. The first pictures were probably the pictures of animals and were drawn for the reason of magic. There are many items portraying gods. In Christianity they are called “icons”. The most famous Russian icon painters were Andrey Rublyov and Pheophan Greek. Painters express their ideas through composition, colouring and light and shade effect. Cinema is the youngest of the arts. It appeared in the 19th century when the special device was invented. At first, films were silent but later the techniques for shooting sound films and films in technicolour were developed . The problems of art in general and cinema in particular are discussed in the film entitled “A man from Capuchins’ Boulevard”. |
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