Минспорта Чувашии Разговорные темы Подготовка к экзаменам Издание второе, переработанное и дополненное
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Choosing your future profession. Finishing school is the beginning of the independent life for millions of school leavers. Many roads are opened before them: vocational and technical schools, institutes and universities. But it is not an easy thing to choose a profession out of more than 2,000 existing in the world. Some pupils do this still at the industrial training centres, some follow the advice of their parents, others can’t decide even after leaving school. I think, choosing a profession you should take into considerations many factors. The first is your talents, gifts and abilities. If somebody is good at languages, likes reading and writing, he can become a good journalist or a writer. If you take part in the school theatre club activities, enjoy acting on stage and playing musical instruments, you are a potential actor. The love to younger children will show you a future teacher. As for me I made my choice long ago. I want to link my future profession with sport. My choice with this occupation didn’t come as a sudden flash. During all school years I was interested in sport. That’s why I study at the Sport College of the Olympic Reserve. I go in for sport very seriously. My results in sport are not bad. I’m Master of Sports in swimming. After finishing the Sport College and getting a diploma I shall be able to work as a trainer of swimming. But for the present I’d like to train myself and take part in more serious competitions. Going for sport gives us a good opportunity to meet different famous sportsmen and visit many countries. Words and expressions: the beginning of the independent life – начало независимой жизни school leaver – выпускник vocational school – ремесленное училище existing – существующий to choose – выбирать to take into consideration – принять во внимание advice – совет gift – дар ability – способность to take part in – принимать участие to enjoy – получать удовольствие choice – выбор should – должен, следует didn’t come as a sudden flash – не был неожиданностью that’s why – вот поэтому I shall be able – я смогу opportunity – возможность Answer the questions:
Studying foreign languages. Learning a foreign language isn’t an easy thing. Nowadays it’s especially important to know foreign languages. Some people learn languages because they need them for their work, others travel abroad, for the third studying foreign languages is a hobby. Everyone who knows foreign languages can speak to people from other countries, read foreign authors in the original, which makes your outlook wider. Of course, it is very useful to learn foreign languages. Knowledge of foreign languages helps us to develop friendship and understanding among people. I study English. English is very popular now. It is the language of computers, science, business, sport and politics. It is spoken all over the world. English is the language of communication. It is the official language of the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States of America, Canada, Australia. There are more than 750 million speakers of English in the world. Speaking a foreign language you can read papers, magazines and original books by great writers, watch satellite TV programs. If you like traveling you can go anywhere without being afraid that other people will not understand you. I think, that to know especially English today is absolutely necessary for every educated man, for every good specialist. English is very important to find a good work. So I advise everybody to study some foreign language. Words and expressions: foreign language – иностранный язык especially – особенно need – нуждаться to travel abroad – путешествовать за границу makes your outlook wider – делает ваш кругозор шире useful – полезный knowledge – знание to develop friendship and understanding among people – развивать дружбу и понимание среди людей the language of communication – язык общения to be afraid – бояться is necessary – необходимо to advise – советовать Answer the questions:
Travelling. Modern life is impossible without traveling. Thousands of people travel every day either on business or for pleasure. They can travel by air, by rail, by sea or by road. Of course, traveling by air is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it is the most expensive too. Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see many interesting places of the country you are travelling through. Modern trains have very comfortable seats. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars which make even the longest journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the main advantages of trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means. Travelling by sea is popular mostly for pleasure trips. On board large ships and small river boats people can visit foreign countries and different places of interest within their own country. Trips on the Volga, the Dnieper, the Yenisei, the Black Sea are very popular today. As for me I prefer traveling by car. I think it’s very convenient. You needn’t reserve your tickets. You needn’t carry heavy suitcases. You can stop wherever you wish and spend at any place as much time as you like. Every summer my family and I go somewhere to the South for holidays. The Black Sea is one of the most wonderful places which attracts holiday- makers all over the world. There are many rest- homes and tourists camps there. But it is also possible to rent a room. Sometimes we place ourselves in a tent on the sea shore enjoying fresh air and the sun all day long. As a rule I make new friends there. In the daytime we play volleyball, tennis, swim in the warm water of the sea and sunbathe. In the evening I like to sit on the beach watching the sea and enjoying the sunset. Time passes quickly and soon we have to make our way back. We return home sunburnt and full of impressions. Words and expressions: impossible – невозможный either … or … - или … или…, либо … либо … pleasure – удовольствие fast - быстрый convenient – удобный expensive – дорогой slow – медленный advantage – преимущество journey – поездка enjoyable – приятный speed – скорость safety – безопасность to attract – привлекать to enjoy fresh air – получать удовольствие от свежего воздуха to return home sunburrnt and full impressions – возвращаться домой загорелыми и полны впечатлений Answer the questions:
Sport and healthy way of life. People all over the world are fond of sports and games. Sport makes people healthy, keeps them fit, more organized and better disciplined. It unites people of different nationalities. Many people do sports on their personal initiative. They go in for skiing, skating, table tennis, swimming, volleyball, football, body- building, etc. All necessary facilities are provided for them: stadiums, sport grounds, swimming pools, skating rinks, skiing stations, football fields. Sport is paid much attention to in our educational establishments. Gymnastics is a part of a daily activity in the kindergartens. Physical culture is a compulsory subject at schools and colleges. Professional sport is also paid much attention to in our republic. There are different sporting societies, clubs and complexes. In the last years Chuvash sport has reached a leading place in the world sports movements. Major victories have been won by our gymnasts, weightlifters, wrestlers, race- walkers. Ivanova, Nickolayeva, Egorova, Andreev… won fame not only for themselves but for the republic. Practically all kinds of sport are popular in our republic but track- and- field athletics, gymnastics and football enjoy the greatest popularity. As for me, I go in for … It needs mobility, liveliness and much energy. It keeps a person in a good form. I have been doing sports for 5 years, but the more I do it the more I like it. I get a real joy going for sport and taking part in different competitions.. As for me, sport is an important part of my life. I think that it helps me in different ways. First of all sport builds character. It teaches to win and loose. Sport makes me strong, fast and patient As my coach says, my results are not bad in sport. I always take part in competitions with great pleasure. I am always happy when I win in competitions. But on the other hand, sport causes a lot of injuries. It takes a lot of energy and time. And it makes me unhappy when I loose. But anyway, I can’t live without sport. Thanks to sport I have a lot of friends. And I do my best to be a good sportsman. My aim is to be a champion of the Olympic Games. Words and expressions: healthy – здоровый to keep fit – быть в форме it unites – он объединяет all necessary facilities – всевозможные условия sport is maid much attention – спорту уделяют много внимания educational establishments – образовательные учреждения compulsory subject – обязательный предмет strong – сильный patient - терпеливый Answer the questions:
Mass media. Mass media play an important role in the modern society. We live in the era of information, nowadays information can be more valuable than money. We live in the era of the information explosion. Every day we get much information and this information is necessary for our life, work and entertainment. Mass media are considered to be the fourth branch of power because they influence the society and all the branches of power. Mass media express people’s opinions and can show and describe the smallest and the least important details of any juridical case or event. Journalists take their investigations and write about their discoveries. Mass media publish information about the plans of the government and the President. Mass media give us all kinds of information. The most important mass media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television and the Internet. Newspapers and magazines play a great and a very important role in the life of a modern man. There is practically no family that doesn’t have a TV set and doesn’t buy one or two newspapers and magazines. Reading a newspaper you can get information about the events that have taken or going to take place in our country or abroad. We can also read articles about historical events and public figures of the past and the present. Our newspapers publish information about the work of the State Duma of Russia. The pages of newspapers carry articles on our economy, industry and agriculture. Many newspapers carry material about international events, about life of the people in all parts of the world. I must mention such newspapers in Russia as “Pravda”, “Zhizn”, “Moskovsky komsomolets”, “Express gazeta”, etc. We can not imagine our life without radio. To switch on the radio is the first thing in the morning with the national anthem. There are dozens of radio stations in Russia, everyone can choose a station to listen to. Most of them broadcast music, but of different styles. Music attracts listeners. You can also listen to weather forecasts, sports news, advice of lawyers, news, daily horoscope, agricultural, political, economical programmes, talk shows, the history of our city, you can take part in an intellectual quiz and win a prize. I think, radio has advantages. You can do something and listen to it at the same time. Television now gives people a great chance to learn about the world. Some people like to travel, but you can not visit all places on the Earth. And television offers you a wide range of programmes about wild life and other countries. Such films as “Walking with Dinosaurs”, “Wild Life” are television masterpieces. Then there are news programmes, talk shows, quizzes and other kinds of programmes. The Internet is the newest kind of mass media. In the Internet you can find now any kind of information. It can be called a kind of combination of newspapers, radio, TV and computers. All main newspapers and broadcasting companies have their sights in the Internet. So, you can find there the latest news without buying a paper. But all the mass media have their advantages and disadvantages. Advantages: mass media inform us, entertain us, offer competitions and quizzes with prizes, show the lives of pop stars and other famous people. We can watch video clips on TV. Mass media help democracy because they guarantee access to information for people. Disadvantages: mass media occupy all free time, they brainwash (промывают мозги, обрабатывают зрителей), intrude opinions upon people (навязывают мнение), ruin our eyesight, introduce violence into our life. Children stop reading, they don’t know the national culture. Words and expressions: mass media – средства массовой информации modern society – современное общество valuable – ценный the fourth branch of power – четвёртая власть to influence – влиять to express one’s opinion – выражать мнение investigation – исследование event – событие to imagine – представлять national anthem – национальный гимн weather forecast – прогноз погоды to broadcast – передавать по радио и телевидению advantage – преимущество disadvantage - недостаток to entertain – развлекать to offer – предлагать quiz – викторина to guarantee access to information – гарантировать доступ к информации to brainwash – промывать мозги to intrude opinions upon people – навязывать мнения людям violence – насилие, жестокость Answer the questions:
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