Учебно-методический комплекс учебной дисциплины иностранный язык (английский язык) Часть II. Методические рекомендации и план освоения дисциплины 031200. 00 а «Педагогика и методика начального образования»
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What's in а Name? The way in which British surnames have developed is very complicated. Before the Normans arrived, the use of surnames wasn't really known. Many English surnames were originally connected with а person's job - Charles Baker, Margaret Thatcher; someone's size - Jack Long, Mary Litt1e; or а family relationship - Robin Williamson (Robin, son of William), Peter Richardson. The most common Welsh surnames were all originally Christian names in some form: Dylan Thоmаs, Roger Davies (а form of David), Geoffrey Jones (from John), David Williams, etc. Many other names come from the tradition of calling а child “son of” his father using the Welsh word ap (or ab). This 'р' can be found at the beginning of many common Welsh names, such as Gary Pritchard, which is the same as the English Richardson. Other examples are Prees, Priсe, Parry, and Pugh. Welshmen living in England are often called by the nickname 'Taffy'. This may come from the River Taff, which runs through the capital Cardiff, or may come from Dafydd, the Welsh form of David. Years ago, all Irish people spoke Gaelic, and this language is still spoken in some parts of Ireland, although today all Irish people speak English also. Evidence of Gaelic is still found in place-names, for example 'bally' - town, 'slieve' - mountain, 'lough' - lake, 'inis' - island, 'drum' - mountain top, 'glen' - valley. The influence of Irish Gaelic is also found in the names of people. Here are some typical Gaelic first names: Sean - same as John; Seamus - same as James; Liam - same as William; Seanna - same as Joanna. Paddy (short for Patrick) and Mickey (short for Michael) are not Gaelic names but they are found so often in Ireland that these two names are sometimes used jokingly to mean 'an Irishman'. Many Irish surnames begin with: О' ... meaning 'from the family of; Fitz ... meaning 'son of; Mac '" meaning 'son of; Kil ... meaning 'son of; Gil ... meaning 'son of. Here are some examples. O'Brien O'Neil Fitzwilliam Fitzgerald MacMahon MacHugh Кilmartin Gilmurray The Owl Who Was God Once upon а starless midnight there was an owl who sat on the branch of an oak tree. Two ground moles tried to slip quietly by, unnoticed. "You!" said the owl. "Who?" they quavered, in fear and astonishment, for they couldn't believe it was possible for anyone to say а secretary could see them in the thick darkness. "You two!" said the owl. The moles hurried away and told the others creatures of the field and forest that the owl was the greatest and the wisest of all animals because he could see in the dark and because he could answer any questions. ''I'll see about that bird," and he called on the owl one night when it was again very dark. "How many claws am I holding up?" said the secretary bird. "Two," said the owl, and that was right. "Can you give me another expression for 'that it to say' or 'namely'? "To wit," said the owl. "Why does а lover call on his love?" asked the secretary bird. "Too woo," said the owl. The secretary bird hastened back to the other creatures and reported that the owl was indeed the greatest and wisest animal in the world because he could see in the dark and because he could answer any questions. "Can you see in the daytime, too?" asked а red fox. "Yes," echoed а dormouse and а French poodle. "Can you see in the daytime, too?" All the others creatures laughed loudly at this silly question, and they set upon the red fox and his friends and drove them out of the region. Then they sent а messenger to the owl and asked him to be their leader. When the owl appeared among the animals it was high noon and the sun was shining brightly. He walked very slowly, which gave him an appearance of great dignity. And he peered about him with large, staring eyes, which gave him an air of tremendous importance. "He's God!" screamed а Plymouth Rock hen. And the others took up the cry "He's God!" So they followed him wherever he went and when he began to bump into things they began bump into things, too. Finally he came to а concrete highway and he started up the middle of it and all the other creatures followed him. Presently а hawk, who was acting as outrider, observed а truck coming toward them at fifty miles an hour, and he reported to the owl. "There's danger ahead." said а secretary bird. "To wit," said the owl. The secretary bird told him. "Aren't you afraid?" He asked. "Who?" said the owl calmly, for he couldn't see the truck. "He's God!" when the. Truck hit them and ran them down. Some of the animals were merely injured, but most of them, including the owl, were killed. Moral: You can fool too many of the people too much of the time. British Drama Theatre Today Famous theatres and Artists/ Amateur Dramatic Societies/ Theatres for Young People/ The National Youth Theatre. Britain is now one of the world's major theatre centers. Many British actors and actresses are known all over the world. They are Dame Peggy Ashcroft, Glenda Jackson, Laurence Olivier, John Gielgud and others. Drama is so popular with all ages that there are several thousand amateur dramatic societies. Now Britain has about 300 professional theatres. Some of them are privately owned. The tickets are not hard to get but they are very expensive. Regular seasons of opera and ballet are given at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in London. The Royal National Theatre stages modern and classical plays, the Royal Shakespeare Company produces plays mainly by Shakespeare and his contemporaries when it performs in Stratford-on-Avon, and modern plays in its two auditoria in the City's Barbican Centre. There are over 200 theatres in London, а quarter of which is in Westminster's West End. Many other cities and large towns have at least one theatre. There are many theatres and theatre companies for young people: the National Youth Theatre in Edinburgh. The National Youth Theatre, which stages classical plays mainly by Shakespeare and modern plays about youth, was on tour in Russia in 1989. The theatergoers warmly received the production of Tomas Steams Eliot's play "Murder in the Cathedral". Many famous English actors started their careers in the National Youth Theatre. Among them Timothy Dalton, the actor who did the part of Rochester in "Jane Eyre" shown on TV in our country. Public Schools – for Whom? Preparatory Schools/ Common Entrance/ Public Schools/ The Old School Tie/ Educating the Ruling Class About five per cent of children are educated privately in what is rather confusingly called public schools. These are the schools for the privileged. There are about 500 public schools in England and Wales, most of them single-sex. About half of them are for girls. The schools, such as Eton, Harrow, Rugby and Winchester, are famous for their ability to lay the foundation of а successful future by giving their pupils self-confidence, the right accent, а good academic background and, perhaps most important of all, the right friends and contacts. People who went to one of the public schools never call themselves school-leavers. They talk about 'the old school tie' and 'the old boy network'. They are just old boys or old girls. The fees are high and only very reach families can afford to pay so much. Public schools educate the ruling class of England. One such school is Gordonstoun, which the Prince of Wales, the elder son of the Queen, left in 1968. Harrow School is famous as the place where Winston Churchill was educated, as well as six other Prime Ministers of England, the poet Lord Byron, the playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan and many other prominent people. Public schools are free for state control. They are independent. Most of them are boarding schools. The education is of a high quality; the discipline is very strict. The system of education is the same: the most able go ahead. These schools accept pupils from preparatory schools at about 11 or 13 years of age usually on the basis of an examination, known as Common Entrance. There are tree sittings of Common Entrance every year in February, June and November. Scholarships are rarely awarded on the results of Common Entrance. The fundamental requirements are very high. At 18 most public school-leavers gain entry to universities. References: 1. old school tie - галстук старой школы выпускников привилегированных частных средних школ (символ принадлежности к правящему классу. перен. Приятель) 2. Eton - Итон (одна из девяти старейших престижных мужских средних школ; находится в городе Итоне, основана в 1440г.) З. Harrow - Харроу (одна из девяти старейших престижных мужских средних школ; находится в пригороде Лондона; основана в 1571 г.) 4. Rugby - Рагби (одна из девяти старейших престижных мужских частных средних школ; находится в г. Рагби; основана в 1567г.) 5. Winchester - Уинчестерский колледж April Fool's Day! "The first of April is the day we remember what we are the other 364 days of the year." American humorist Mark Twain In l6-th century France, the start of the New Year was observed on April first. In 1562, when Pope Gregory introduced а new calendar, the New Year fell on January first. People made fun of the "April fools" who continued to celebrate New Year's Day on April first. They even played tricks on them, often sending them on а "fool's errand", or silly task. Today Americans play "practical jokes", or small tricks, on friends and strangers on April Fool's Day. Most April fool jokes are in good fun - such as putting salt in the sugar bowl, or setting the clock an hour behind so roommates show up for the wrong class! The cleverest April Fool joke is the one in which everyone laughs, especially the target of the joke. The keenest supporters of the tradition are, of course, children. Most of their tricks are far from original and many have been used so often that they have now become traditional, yet they succeed again and again. One is to tell someone that his shoe-lace is undone, or his tie is crooked, or that something else is wrong with his dress, when in fact all is in order. The children might decide to wake their parents with the news that the house is on fire, or that some other disaster has occurred. When they see the looks of alarm on their victim's faces, they shout, "April Fool". At school serious work is practically forgotten as the children try to pin notices on one another's backs. The notices say things like "Kick Me", or "I’m а Fool." On this day of national good humour, the television service joins in the fun. Once they told the story of а building that had been built upside down by mistake. They showed an example of modern architecture which actually did look better when it was turned the other way. Many people must have been fooled, and perhaps the architect himself was given food for thought. ВВС television played an elaborate April Fool's Day hoax on the viewers. It showed а film about а bumper spaghetti crop being harvested in southern Switzerland. Included in the film were shots of agricultural workers picking long strands of spaghetti from bushes. After the programme was over, hundreds of viewers telephoned the ВВС. Some of the calls were from viewers who had enjoyed the hoax. Some of the calls were from viewers who wanted to know where they could buy spaghetti bushes. Mainly, though, the calls were from viewers who were no longer certain that spaghetti was made from flour and water and not grown. Such is the power of television! Список рекомендуемой литературы – основной и дополнительной Основная литература
Дополнительная литература
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