1 1: Text. Types of Proprietorship
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Составитель: доцент О.С. Хлякин Пояснительная записка Методическая разработка предназначена для обучения английскому языку студентов-заочников I – II курсов экономических специальностей. Материалы пособия могут быть использованы в рамках самостоятельной работы студентов-заочников после прохождения водно-фонетического курса, а также предусмотренного программой грамматического материала на занятиях под руководством преподавателя. При этом учебные тексты, диалоги и упражнения имеют профессиональную направленность, они охватывают основной лексико-грамматический материал, необходимый для формирования у студентов умений и навыков чтения иноязычных текстов, а также участия в речевом общении на изучаемом иностранном языке по темам, относящимся к специальности студентов-заочников. Для облегчения работы тексты снабжены списками основных иноязычных терминов и понятий. Прилагается также список неправильных глаголов. Методические разработки рассчитаны примерно на 30 часов учебных занятий под руководством преподавателя и во время самостоятельной работы в межсессионный период. Содержание Тема 1 1: Text. Types of Proprietorship………………………5 Dialogue…………………………………………….8 Exercises…………………………………………….9 Тема 2 2: Text. Partnership……………………………………12 Dialogue……………………………………………13 Exercises……………………………………………14 Тема 3 3: Text. Corporation……………………………………17 Dialogue…………………………………………….19 Exercises……………………………………………20 Тема 4 4: Functions of an Executive…………………………....22 Dialogue…………………………………………….23 Exercises…………………………………………….24 Тема 5 5: Accounting……………………………………………26 Dialogue……………………………………………..27 Exercises…………………………………………….28 Grammar. Irregular Verbs…………………………………………….34 Тема 1 TYPES OF PROPRIETORSHIP Text A business may be privately owned in three different forms. These forms are the sole proprietorship, the partnership and the corporation. The sole proprietorship is the most common in many western countries. For example, more than 80 per cent of all businesses in the United States are sole proprietorships. But it is evident that sole proprietorships do not do the greatest volume of business. They account for only 16 percent of all business receipts, for example, in America. What kind of business is likely to be a sole proprietorship? First of all, service industries such as laundromats, beauty shops, different repair shops, restaurants. Active Vocabulary business дело to own владеть sole proprietorship частная собственность partnership партнерство corporation корпорация volume объем, количество receipt денежные поступления service industry сфера обслуживания to account for объяснять, отчитываться repair shop мастерская Comprehension Questions
3. What forms do the businesses in Russia have?
Grammar Exercises Exercise 4. Make the sentences negative. 1. I want to start my own business.
4.Sole proprietorship gets tax benefits from the government Exercise 5. Put up four questions of different types (general, special, disjunctive, alternative) to each sentence. Model: The partners are responsible for business debts.
Exercise 6. Составьте предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод герундия.  talking. reading the book I gave you?interrupting me. learning to skate?
to stop speaking Russian in class. making notes of the lectures? smoking here. discussing the question being cross with me. without them?   you(r) smoking here. playing chess here?their (them) using my notes. 4. Do you mind discussing the matter now? 3. I don’t mind his (him) coming to see us if we go on telling funny stories? tomorrow evening. packing tomorrow morning? watching TV?  translating the article yet.speaking on the telephone yet. interrupting him. 5. He hasn’t dressing yet. Could you wait a 6. They continue changing their plans. finished little, please? talking. looking round yet. Can we stay making mistakes. here a little longer? Vocabulary Practice Exercise 1. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.
3. More than 80 per cent of all business... are not from sole proprietorships.
(receipts, business, service, privately, account, corporation, forms) Exercise 2. Translate into English. 1. Мне нужен совет. 2. Я сам контролирую прибыль своего предприятия. 3. Если вы хотите заняться частным предпринимательством, обратитесь к юристу. 4.Директор решает вопросы, связанные с наймом и увольнением. 5.Я боюсь иметь полную юридическую ответственность. 6.Я не отвечаю за производственные долги. 7.Малые предприятия имеют льготы по налогообложению. 8.Хороший бухгалтер сможет вести дела лучше, чем вы. 9.Мне нужно нанять бухгалтера. 10.Мне нужно проконсультироваться с юристом. Dialogue Jim Hi, Alice. How are you getting on? Alice Fine, as usual, thanks, Jim. What about you? Jim I'm O.K. It's nice to see you. Alice You too. I'm glad you are not in a hurry and we have time to talk today. Jim Sure. Alice Can you give me a piece of advice? Jim Well, I'll try if I can. Alice You know I've been always good at cooking. It interests me. I am thinking of starting my own business - cafe. Jim It might be a good idea. Alice I guess I must learn about the responsibilities of going into business. Jim Are you going into this business by yourself? Alice Exactly. I'd like to have a cafe with my name on it where I make the decisions and where I control the profits. Jim You seem to be resolute so I'll try lo help you. If you go into business alone, it is called sole proprietorship? In such case you needn't consult a lawyer to form the business. You can start or you can stop your business whenever you like. Alice It sounds encouraging. What else can you tell me? Jim There is no need to consult partners or a board of directors. So you can put your policies into effect quickly. You decide on your vocation, hours, salary, hiring and firing. Alice Well, that's not bad. Jim Wait a moment. I believe I have to tell you about the risk involved. Alice What do you mean? Jim First of all, the most important risk is that you have unlimited liability. It means that you are responsible for all your business debts. Alice So if the business fails, I have to declare personal bankruptcy, don't I? Jim That's what I mean. You can lose your personal assets. Alice Well, it's rather disappointing. What other things should I know? Jim You won't get tax benefits which partnerships or corporations can get. Alice I know about it. By the way do you know of a good accountant to do my taxes? Jim Of course. You'll also have to hire a good bookkeeper if you can't do your books yourself. Alice I can't say anything definite about that. I have to think it over. What else, Jim? Jim Well, I am a bit hungry, why don't we have a snack together and discuss the things in the cafe. Alice You are right as usual. Let's go. Vocabulary Exercises Exercise 1. Transform the sentences according to the model. M o d e l: I am thinking of starting my own business open a cafe. I am thinking of opening a cafe. 1) start a car-repair shop
Exercise 2. Transform the sentences according to the model. M o d e l: A book keeper will do the books. I am going to have a book keeper do the books.
Exercise 7. You are speaking to your friend, who is now a businessman. Ask him 15 questions about his life and his business. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Еxercise 8. Закончите предложения, употребив герундий. I. There are a lot of ways of {сделать это). 2. What is your idea of (обсудить этот вопрос сейчас)? 3. Do you have the opportunity of (посетить выставку)? 4. The film is worth (посмотреть), 5. I don't like (напоминать ему об этом). 6. It's no use (плакать). 7. Do you remember (что они уже рассказывали об этом). 8. Не is busy (подготовкой к докладу). 9. There was no other way of (предупредить его). Exercise 9. Преобразуйте предложения, употребив герундий вместо инфинитива. M o d e l: I like to read. I like reading. I. I like to skate. 2. I hate to read detective stories. 3. I think to send him a telegramme. 4. I remember to tell you about it. 5. They stopped to smoke. 6. They prefer to stay at home in the evening. 7. He continued to speak to his friends. 8. He kept to talk about the events. Exercise 10. Закончите предложения: 1. If you don't want to get disappointed, you should book accommodation ... 2; If you are travelling alone, you take.,. 3.After you have engaged a room, you will be asked... 4. If your handwriting is not too good, you should ... 5. In the lounge of a big hotel one can see… 6.When you are through with the formalities you...7. The bellboy will... 8. If you want to have your laundry done or your suit pressed, you should ... 9. Guests intending to leave, the hotel should notify the management… 10. Staying at a motel has many advantages. You avoid... 11. Most motels have… Exercise 11. Закончите вопросы и ответьте на них: 1. Is it advisable to book accommodation on the day of one's arrival or…? 2. Is it more convenient to book a room by telephone or...? 3. Do people travelling alone usually book a double room or...? 4. Do guests tip servants when they are checking in or…? 5. If you are travelling by car, is it more convenient to stay at a hotel or...? 6. If you want to have your suit pressed, do you ring for, the receptionist or...? 7. If you are going to leave the hotel, do уоu notify the maid or...? 8. Who is in charge of rooms, a maid or…? Тема 2 PARTNERSHIP Техt A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on a business for profit. When the owners of the partnership have unlimited liability they are called general partners. If partners have limited liability they are "limited partners". There may be a silent partner as well - a person who is known to the public as a member of the firm but without authority in management. The reverse of the silent partner is the secret partner - a person who takes part in management but who is not known to the public. Any business may have the form of the partnership, for example, in such professional fields as medicine, law, accounting, insurance and stockbrokerage. Limited partnerships are a Common form of ownership in real estate, oil prospecting, quarrying industries, etc. Partnerships have more advantages than sole proprietorships if one needs a big capital or diversified management. Like sole proprietorship they are easy to form and often get tax benefits from the government. Partnerships have certain disadvantages too. One is unlimited liability. It means that each partner is responsible for all debts and is legally responsible for the whole business. Another disadvantage is that partners may disagree with each other. Active Vocabulary partnership партнерство to carry on a business вести дело profit прибыль general partner общий партнер (несущий полную юридическую ответственность за дело) limited partner партнер с ограниченной юридической ответственностью silent partner партнер без права голоса secret partner секретный партнер (с правом голоса, но неизвестный общественности как партнер) Dialogue (Two friends Susan and Maurice; are having supper in a restaurant) Maurice Haven't seen you for a long lime. What have you been busy with? Susan I've been pretty busy. Do you know my friend Nora? I went into business with her. Maurice Really? How is it going on? Susan Fine, thanks. We get along very well, and the shop is attracting more and more customers. Maurice It sounds well. How many partners are there in your business? Susan There are two of us and I am very pleased about it. I've made a right choice. Nora's background is in accounting. She is very good at keeping the books. Maurice And you? Susan You know I always liked talking. I guess I am rather good with customers. I enjoy selling things. Maurice Well, it sounds interesting. I believe you don't run a risk in your business. Susan We haven't had many problems, although 1 suppose all business can be risky. As partners we are both liable. Maurice Did you both put the same amount of money into your business? Do you mind my asking? Susan No, we didn't invest the same amount of capital. But I think we've combined our resources very well. I think it's good for both of us. Maurice It seems really so. That is one advantage of general partnership. You can invest less capital than your partner - even no money at all. Bui you as a partner can contribute important services or skills, sometimes just a name or a reputation. Susan Indeed, Maurice How did you arrange to distribute profits and losses? Susan We share them equally. We hope to be in business for a long time. Maurice Nice for you. Now you seem to know a lot about business. Susan Not everything yet but the subject becomes quite technical. Maurice I am glad to hear it. It's time to go now. See you later. Bye. insurance страхование stockbrokerage биржевое маклерство real estate недвижимость oil prospecting добыча нефти quarrying industries добывающие промышленности advantage преимущество disadvantage недостаток lo be legally responsible быть юридически ответственным Comprehension Questions
your reasons. Exercise 6. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use the following phrases and words: That's right You are quite right. I fully agree with you. I share your opinion. I'm afraid, you are mistaken. By no means! On the contrary! 1. Any business may have the form of the partnership. 2. The partnerships are often found in such professional fields as law. accounting, insurance. 3. The partnerships are difficult to form. 4. Partnerships and sole proprietorships do not generally get tax benefit from the government. 5. The main disadvantage of the partnership is unlimited liability. 6. A silent partner is a person who is not known to the public. Vocabulary Practice Exercise 12. Select the necessary word in the sentence. 1. Partnership very often receive... from the government.
5....has the authority in management but he is not known to public…
(secret partner, unlimited liability, real estate, general partner, advantage, profit, capital, management, tax benefits) Grammar Exercises Exercise 13 Make the sentences negative. M о d e 1: I am going into business. I am not going into business.
3. We are getting along quite well with my partner.
Exercise 2. Put up four questions of different types (general, special, disjunctive, alternative) to each sentence. M o d e l: The partners are getting along quite well.
Exercise 14. Заполните пропуски словами WHO, WHICH или THAT.
Exercise 15. Заполните пропуски артиклями.
6. … Talk, which was very interesting, took an hour and a half. 7. I can’t sit through ... talk that takes over two hours. Can you? 8. They live in ... district which is one of the best in the city. Combine these sentences, using a relative clause M o d e l: She's the nurse. She works at Middleford Hospital. She's the nurse who works at Middleford Hospital. Is that the ring? Did Peter give it to Mary? Is that the ring Peter gave to Mary?
Suppose, you are manager of a company. You are interested to know, what your fellow workers are busy with at the moment. Ask 15 questions, using The Present Continuous Tense. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ |
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