Методические указания по организации самостоятельной работы студентов заочного отделения по дисциплине: «иностранный язык»
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| Part of national spending includes the purchase of (to import) goods and services. Commercial banks serve both individuals and businesses (to offer) loans, credit cards and financial advice. The government can regulate monopolies (to control) the prices or (to supply) the products itself.
IV. Напишите следующие предложения в пассивном залоге в соответствии с образцом. Обратите внимание на времена гла- голов. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Model: They use the safety deposit boxes very often. Safety deposit boxes are used very often by them.
V. Переведите письменно текст. Выпишите и объясните все видо-временные формы глаголов. Money and its Functions Money has four functions: a medium of exchange or means of payment, a store of value, a unit of account and a standard of deferred payment. When used as a medium of exchange, money is considered to be distinguished from other assets. Money as the medium of exchange is believed to be used in one half of almost all exchange. Workers exchange labour for money, people buy or sell goods in exchange for money as well. People do not accept money to consume it directly but because it can subsequently be used to buy things, they wish to consume. To see the advantages of a medium of exchange, imagine a barter economy, that is, an economy having no medium of exchange. Goods are traded directly or swapped for other goods. The seller and the buyer each must want something the other has to offer. Trading is very expensive. People spend a lot of time and effort finding others with whom they can make swaps. Nowadays, there exist actually no purely barter economies, but economies nearer to or farther from the barter type. The closer is the economy to the barter type, the more wasteful it is. Serving as a medium of exchange is presumed to have for centuries been an essential function of money. Money is a store of value, for it can be used to make purchases in future. For money to be accepted in exchange, it has to be a store of value. Unless suitable for buying goods with tomorrow, money will not be accepted as payments for the goods supplied today. But money is neither the only nor necessarily the best store of value. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту:
Вариант №5 I. Вставьте нужные модальные глаголы: must, should, can, may или их эквиваленты: have to, ought to, need not, be able to. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
II. Заполните пропуски, вставьте подходящую по смыслу фор- му глагола в Past Simple или Present Perfect. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
III. Раскройте скобки используя глагол для образования соответствующей формы причастий. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
IV. Напишите следующие предложения в пассивном залоге в соответствии с образцом. Обратите внимание на времена гла- голов. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Model: They use the safety deposit boxes very often. Safety deposit boxes are used very often by them.
V. Переведите письменно текст. Выпишите и объясните все видо-временные формы глаголов. Foreign Trade What is now called international trade has existed for thousands of years long before there were nations with specific boundaries. Foreign trade means the exchange of goods and services between nations, but speaking in strictly economic terms, international trade today is not between nations. Goods can be defined as finished products, as intermediate goods used in producing other goods, or as agricultural products and foodstuffs. International trade enables a nation to specialize in those goods is can produce most cheaply and efficiently and it is one of the greatest advantages of trade. On the other hand, trade also enables a country to consume more than it can produce if it depends only on its own resources. Finally, trade expands the potential market for the goods of a particular economy. Trade has always been the major force behind the economic relations among nations. Different aspects of international trade and its role in the domestic economy are known to have been developed by many famous economists. International trade began to assume its present form with the establishment of nation-states in the 17th and 18th centuries, new theories of economics, in particular of international trade, having appeared during this period. Trade based on comparative advantage still exists: France and Italy are known for their wines, and Switzerland maintains a reputation for fine watches. It is obvious that within each economy the importance of foreign trade varies. Some nations export only to expand their domestic market or to aid economically depressed sectors within the domestic economy. Other nations depend on trade for a large part of their national income and it is often important for them to develop import of manufactured goods in order to supply the ones for domestic consumption. In recent years foreign trade has also been considered as a means to promote growth within a nation's economy. Developing countries and international organizations have increasingly emphasized such trade. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту:
Вариант № 6 Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct. 1. “Have you ever been to England?” “Yes, I _there last July." (А) had been В went С have been D were «Вы когда-нибудь были в Англии?» «Да, я там был прошлым июлем». 2. Couldn’t you go a little_ ? A fast more fast (С) faster D more faster Не мог бы ты идти немного быстрее? 3. I usually wear a suit, but today I_ a sweater. A wears В wear С wearing (D) am wearing Обычно я ношу костюм, но сегодня я надел свитер. 4. The police car chased the robbers ... the streets. (A) through В among С to D into Полицейская машина преследовала грабителей по улицам. 5. It’s Mr. Brown, _ ? A isn’t it (В) isn ‘t he С is it D is not it Это мистер Браун, не так ли? 6. “Must I take my umbrella?” “No, you _ . It’s not going to rain.” A mustn't (В) needn 't С haw to D don't «Должен я взять зонт?» «Нет, не нужно, дождя не будет» 7. I think John _ translate this document. A have to В will have С has (D) will have to Я думаю, что Джону придется перевести этот документ. 8. I _ breakfast when the phone rang. A had В have С am having (D) was having Я завтракал, когда зазвонил телефон. 9. This car is more _ than that one. A fast В faster (С) modern D fastest Эта машина боле современная, чем та. 10. He hasn’t written to me _we met last time. (A) since В ago С for D before Он не написал мне с тех пор, как мы виделись в последний раз. 11. This question is_ difficult for me. (A) too В to С enough D such Этот вопрос слишком сложный для меня. 12. This record-shop_ be a book-shop a few years ago. A use (В) used to С used D had Несколько лет тому назад этот магазин дисков был книжным мазагином. 13. He arrived_you were asleep. A during В for (C) while D until Он приехал, когда ты спал. 14. Mr. Brown woke up in the middle of the night. He could hear _ in his garden. A anybody В everywhere (С) someone D anything Мистер Браун проснулся в полночь. Он услышал, что кто-то был в его саду. 15. This dinner looks _ to me. A well В badly (С) good D nicely Мне нравится этот ужин. 16.I couldn’t come to the party because I _go to work. A had (В) had to С have D have got Я не смог прийти на вечеринку потому, что мне пришлось пойти на работу. 17. He doesn't speak English very _. A best В good С belter (D) well Он не очень хорошо говорит по-английски. 18. “Jeff is on the phone." “Who_ to?" A does he talk В is he talk (С) is he talking D he talks Джеф у телефона. С кем он говорит? 19. Which country _ from? A Tom is coming (В) does Tom come С comes Tom D is coming Tom Из какой страны приехал Том? 20. “Excuse me.” “_ ” (A) Please В No, I'm not. С Yes? D Yes, I am. Простите. Пожалуйста. 21. “What is he doing?” “_” A He s an economist (В) He s having lunch С He’s doing well D He has lunch Что он делает? Он обедает. 22. Would you mind _ the window, please? (A) to open В open С opening D I open Вы не возражаете чтобы открыть окно, пожалуйста? 23. “Would you like a coke?” “_” (A) Yes, I’d like В Yes, I like С Yes, I do D Yes, please Ты хочешь кока-колу? Да, я хочу. 24. We arrived _the airport in time. A - (В) at С on D in Мы приехали в аэропорт вовремя. 25. My friend has advised _ take legal action. A me to not. В to me not to (С) me not to D me against to Мой друг посоветовал мне не подавать в суд. 26. It rained all day yesterday,_ ? A it didn 't В no С isn 't it (D) didn ’t it Вчера весь день шел дождь, не так ли? 27. Father leaves _ home at 7 o'clock so that he can be in his office at 8. A for (В) - С from D at Отец выходит из дома в 7ч для того, чтобы быть в офисе в 8ч. 28. I don't know where he is. He hasn t arrived _. A still В already (С) yet D since Я не знаю, где он. Он еще не приехал. 29. This car is _ . (A) mine В my С mine s D her's Это моя машина. 30. I _ you are wrong. (A) know В knows С am knowing D knowing Я знаю, ты не прав. 31. My teacher lives ___ 45 Him Street. A under В on (С) in D at Мой учитель живет на ул.Хим, 45. 32. “Did you enjoy_ ?” “Yes, I did." A yourselves В myself С you (D) yourself Ты доволен? Да. 33. Queen Victoria’s been dead for over a hundred years, _ ? A has she В is she (С) hasn’t she D isn 't she Королева Виктория умерла более ста лет тому назад, не так ли? 34. You are taller _ Mary. A then (В) than С - D to Ты выше, чем Мэри. 35. If she _ Peter, he’ll stay. A asked В had asked С has asked (D) asks Если она попросит Питера, он останется. 36. He can’t go to see her tonight. He hasn’t got _time. A many В a С some (D) much Он не может прийти к ней сегодня вечером. У него мало времени. 37. What _? Is she a lawyer? A does she В she does (С) does she do D is she doing Кто она по профессии? Она адвокат? 38. About half an hour _ I saw Mr. Brown. A for В since С before (D) ago Я видел мистера Брауна около получаса тому назад. 39. This case _ by the lawyers at this particular moment. (A) is being discussed В is discussing С is discussed D was discussing Это дело обсуждают адвокаты в данный момент. 40. I _in London for six months by the time I leave. A have been В will be being (С) will have been D was Я буду находится в Лондоне в течении 6 месяцев перед тем, как уехать. Read the text below and choose the correct answer that corresponds to the facts in the text. Translate the text. THE LAWYER IN OUR SOCIETY 1. No society can function without rules. There are frictions and difficulties between neighbors, between businessmen and their competitors, between husbands and wives and employers and employees. It is the lawyer's job to help people apply the rules in these situations: to avoid trouble where they can. and to resolve conflicts fairly where they cannot. 2. Because the society is complex and gives rise to many problems, the lawyer with his special training is essential to its operation and to the well-being of the people. Most lawyers spend most of their time counseling people on business or personal matters, drawing documents like contracts, wills, adoption papers, deeds and leases. In contributing to the orderly conduct of our affairs and the orderly solution of our problems, they are. in a real sense, the glue that holds the society together. 3. In addition, lawyers have another important role in the control of crime. living in an organized, "civilized" society, people lie and cheat, steal and fight, and all too often kill. Laws are written to provide penalties for lying and cheating, stealing and fighting and killing. Courts are established to hear charges of such conduct and impose the penalties if the charges are proved. Lawyers are trained and licensed to help people obtain the full protection of the laws, on the one hand, and, on the other, to make sure that if a person does violate the law, he/she is convicted only of the offense he/she actually committed and that the penalty' imposed on such a person is no greater than the law provides. 4. The lawyer's duty is to employ every proper method of asserting personal rights. Every person accused of having committed a crime, every person whose civil rights have been violated, has the right to legal advice and legal representation. 5. The demand for lawyers’ services of all kinds is steadily growing. Tensions among various groups in society result in lawlessness that requires more lawyers than ever in the criminal courts. Governmental programs in areas — such as the protection of consumers against frauds and the control of pollution of the environment - also require new lawyers. 6.The growing complexity of the income and estate tax laws makes it increasingly difficult for persons who have the gift of making money to hold on to it and to pass it on to their families. We know lawyers to be more in demand here than ever before. 7. There is scarcely an area of American life in which social, political and economic developments are not increasing the demand tor lawyers. 41. No society can function without rules. (A) true В false Ни одно общество не может функционировать без правил. 42. It is the lawyer’s job to help people to avoid trouble where they can and to resolve conflicts fairly where they cannot. (A) true В false Работа адвоката - помочь людям избегать проблем, где можно и решать справедливо конфликты, где нельзя. 43. Lawyers spend their time counseling people on business matters, but they never deal with personal problems. A true (В) false Большинство юристов тратят временя консультируя людей по деловым вопросам, но они никогда не занимаются их личными проблемами. 44. In fact, lawyers are in a real sense the glue that holds the society together. (A) true В false Фактически юристы в действительности являются связующим звеном в обществе. 45. Laws are written to provide penalties for lying and cheating, stealing and fighting and killing. (A) true В false Законы изданы, чтобы обеспечить штрафы за ложь и мошенничество, кражу и драку, и убийство. 46. In an organized, “civilized” society people never kill. A true (В) false В организованном, цивилизованном обществе, люди никогда не убивают. 47. The lawyer's duty is to employ any legal method of asserting personal rights. (A) true В false Обязанность адвоката состоит в том, чтобы использовать каждый надлежащий метод для защиты личных прав. 48. Every person accused of having committed a crime is entitled to legal representation. (A) true В false Каждый человек, обвиняемый в совершении преступления имеет право на юридическое представление в суде. 49. Tensions among various groups in society result in lawlessness that requires more lawyers than ever in the criminal courts. (A) true В false Напряженные отношения среди различных групп в обществе приводят к беззаконию, которое требует большего количества адвокатов чем когда-либо в уголовных судах. 50. The growing complexity of the income and estate tax laws makes it easy for persons who have the gift of making money to hold on to it and to pass "it on to their families. A true (В) false Растущая сложность доходов и законов о налоге на имущество не становится проблемой для людей, которые зарабатывают деньги и оформляют доходы на членов семьи. Which paragraph is (he following mentioned in? 51. Помогать людям получить полную защиту закона. А 4 В I (С) 3 D 6 To help people to obtain the full protection of the laws, 52. Вряд ли существует сфера в американской жизни, где бы не требовались юристы. А 5 (В) 7 С 2 D 6 There is scarcely an area of American life in which there was not increasing demand for lawyers. 53. Каждый человек имеет право на юридическую консультацию и представительство. (А) 4 В 3 С I D 2 Every person has the right to legal advice and legal representation. 54. Суды должны назначать наказания, если обвинения доказаны. А I В 4 С в (D) 3 Courts are established to impose the penalties if the charges are proved. 55. Правительственные программы также требуют новых юристов АЗ В 2 (С) 5 D 4 Governmental programs also require new lawyers. What is the meaning of the following words in the text? 56. avoid А пустой К пустовать (С) избежать D пропустить 57. resolve А резолюция (В) разрешать С заново решить D вступать 58. fraud А кража В растрата С нападение (D) мошенничество 59. on the one hand А не с руки В под рукой (С) с одной стороны D со стороны 60. will А будет В завещать С пожелание (D) завещание Вариант №7 1. Complete each sentence so that it contains might, might not, must, mustn’t, can or can’t. More than one answer may be possible. a) Don’t stand up in the boat! You might fall in the river. b) Sue says she’s stuck in traffic and she …………be late. c) You really……….start spending more time on your work. d) Tell Peter he ………..stay the night here if he wants to. e) That’s a really stupid idea! You…………be serious, surely! f) You…………realize it, but this is very important to me. 2. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form. a) This train travelling seems endless! I wish we (go) ….had gone…. b) I wish I (have)…….the money to buy some new clothes, but I can’t afford any at the moment. c) I wish the government (do)………..something about the pollution in the city. d) I’m getting really soaked! I wish I (not forget)………….my umbrella. e) I wish you (not do)………….that! It’s a really annoying habit. 3. Choose the most suitable word or phrase in each sentence. a) I haven’t seen Jim before/ since we worked together in London. b) I’ll finish the letter now and you can post it after/later. c) What were you doing last evening/yesterday evening when I called. d) Did you live here in/since 1987? e) Diana hasn’t finished her course already/yet. f) It’s really ages since/when I saw you last. 4. Translate from Russian into English. а) Тебе не следовало говорить мне это, не так ли? б) Рейс самолета Дэвида отменили из-за сильного тумана. в) Я бы хотел забронировать три одноместных номера на следующую неделю, пожалуйста. г) Когда мы пришли на пляж, мы увидели, что дети строили там замки на песке. д) Должно быть он был дома, когда мы работали вчера. 5. Translate the text from English into Russian in written form. SAN FRANCISCO. A federal judge in San Jose has dismissed a group of consolidated privacy class actions that claimed that Apple Inc. and eight other defendants let advertisers track mobile device users’ activity without permission. U.S. District Judge Lucy Koh granted the motions to dismiss Tuesday, with leave to amend, finding that plaintiffs didn’t show that they’d been harmed, or how defendants’ actions had allegedly harmed them. “In fact,” Koh wrote, ‘plaintiffs fail to differentiate among the eight mobile industry defendants making it impossible to decipher, based on the current allegations, any causal chain”. The suits claim generally that the iPhone’s operating system enables privacy violations by letting app makers access, track and store user information without the user’s knowledge or consent. “Downloading an app is not a case or controversy,” said Ashlie Beringer, Dunn and Crutcher partner who argued the motion on beharf of defendants Admob Inc., Mobelix Inc., Pinch Media Inc. and others. “Mobile applications need to access information on the device to work, and so do the companies that provide ads and other support to these apps, James McCabe of Morrison & Foerster in San Francisco argued on beharf of Apple. Officials at Apple did not respond for comment. Koh gave the plaintiffs 60 days to file an amended complaint, which Kamber Law’s Scott Kamber said they would do.’We look forward to refilling, and appreciate the courts’ constructive input,” he said. U.S. District Judge Richard Seeborg dismissed a similar class action against Facebook over its “Friend Finder” feature in June, also saying plaintiffs had not shown they’d suffered any injury. 6. Give Russian equivalents: Defendants, plaintiffs, track and store user information, mobile applications, appreciate the courts’ constructive input, an amended complaint, argued on behalf, officials. 7. Match English equivalents from the text. Дифференцировать, субсидия, будто бы, расшифровать, обвинения, позволяют нарушение конфиденциальности, от имени, мы надеемся на.., истец. 8. Answer the following questions in written form. -Why has a federal judge in San Hose dismissed a group of consolidated privacy class actions? -What is Judge Lucy Koh’s decision about plaintiffs? -What does iPhone operating system enable? -Who said that ‘downloading an app is not a case or controversy’? -Did Officials at Apple respond to comment? Вариант № 8 I. Перепишите следующие словосочетания и переведите их: To cover a news event; to present news objectively and unambiguously; a tabloid newspaper; a target audience; advertising space; to ensure accurate reporting; to initiate a legal action; to bring suit against somebody; to furnish news; a terse style; to hold somebody responsible for something; lost of credibility; redress for libel; an injury to one’s reputation. II. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время и залог, в котором оно стоит. Предложения переведите:
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