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| Тема урока: Inventions in our life. Цель: Активизация тематической лексики в устной речи учащихся в диалогической и монологической формах в процессе развития иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции школьников. Задачи:
Тип урока: Повторительно-обобщающий урок. Формы проведения: Экскурс в историю, интерактивная беседа, ролевая игра. Формы работы: фронтальная, парная, индивидуальная. Методы обучения: метод устных упражнений, повседневное наблюдение за учебной работой учащихся. Приемы:
Учебное пособие: В.П.Кузовлев, Н.М. Лапа, Э.Ш. Перегудова Английский язык: учебник для 10-11 классов общеобразовательных учреждений. Unit 7. (М.: Просвещение, 2006). Ход урока:
At our previous English lessons we spoke about different inventions which were made by great people lived in the past. And to begin with I’d like to hear how well you can sustain the conversation devoted to this the problem ‘INVENTIONS’.
First scan the key words of Card 1 and try to restore the information about the outstanding people of the past who made it possible to use their inventions in the 21st century as commonplace (учитель раздает речевые опоры – карточка1). Thanks to your students’ book you are aware of the information contained in Card 1 but there are no ready-made sentences in it so I want you to make up short dialogues to present the given information in the right way. Карточка 1
Начинается речевая зарядка, которую учитель проводит в режимах [T→P1P2P3] (фронтальной беседы), [T→P1→P2] (управляемого диалога) и [P1↔P2] (диалога учащихся). Речевые опоры с обсуждаемой на уроке информацией способствуют активизации речепорождающей мыслительной деятельности учащихся, которые для выражения мысли на изучаемом иностранном языке обдумывают еще и важнейшие грамматические явления английского языка, являющейся основой их грамотной речи. T: Ask each other what inventions were made in the l9th and the 20th centuries and who their inventors were. Look at Card 1 and choose any invention you like. P1: When did photography appear? Who was the pioneer in photography? P2: As we know now Nicephore Niepce from France pioneered photography in 1829. And it’s natural that nowadays it has become commonplace and people can’t do without it. We can’t live without telephone either. But what do you know about this invention? P1: Telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell, an American engineer, in 1876. But what about Karl Benz? What did he invent? P2: Karl Benz produced the world’s first petrol driven motor car. It was in Gennany in 1885. But there was also another invention connected with cars. What was it? P1: I suppose it was Ford’s car assembly line. It was the world’s first car assembly line created by Henry Ford, an automobile manufacturer of the USA, in 1908. T: And what about Russia’s automobile building? Ask each other who were the first to design the first Russia’s automobile. P1: What do know about the designers of the first Russia’s automobile? P2: The first Russia’s automobile was designed by P. A. Frez and E. A. Yakovlev. And I should say it had been built by 1896. T: All right. Thank you. But let the other students join the conversation too. (Учитель обращается к другим учащимся.) Ask each other questions about some other inventions. P3: I’d like to dwell upon cinematography. And my question is as follows. Who were the first to start shooting films? Do you know? P4: Card 1 gives me some information about it and I can say the Lumiere brothers were the first to start doing it. In 1895 they patented their cinematography and opened the world’s first cinema in Paris. And no doubt cinema now is also commonplace for everybody, isn’t it? T: Ask each other about the other invention which gives people - - F nowadays brilliant opportunity to see favourite films at home without going to the cinema. P4: Do you know anything about the invention which gives people rich opportunities to see their favourite films at home without going to the cinema? What is it? Do you know its inventor? P3: It’s television which is commonplace now. And nobody I believe can live without it. And we know now that television was invented by John Logie Baird from Scotland in 1926 and compared with the cinema has its advantages nowadays too. T: There were many other inventions in the 20th century. Will you speak about them too? (Учитель предлагает другим учащимся класса продолжить разговор.) P6: Who developed the first personal stereo — Sony Walkman? Do you know? P5: It was Akita Morita from Japan. What do you know about cloning? P6: The idea of cloning was developed by Ian Wilmat from Scotland in 1997. And I don’t think it has become commonplace nowadays. T: But there is such an appliance of our everyday life which is difficult to imagine as an invention. Can you guess what I mean? P5: It’s a vacuum cleaner, I suppose. This appliance was first built in 1908 by James M. Spangler from the USA. And what is Bill Gates, an American inventor, famous for? P6: Bill Gates is an American who created Microsoft Disk Operating System in 1980. This system is known all over the world now. T: And there was an invention at the beginning of the 20th century that made it possible for a very convenient way of travelling to appear nowadays. And as you know a lot of people accept it as commonplace with pleasure. What is it? P5: It’s travelling by air. But who was the first to build the first airplane? P6: The first airplane was built by Wilbur and Orville Wright from the USA. It was in 1903. But in 1957 the first artificial satellite flew into space. Who was its designer? P5: All Russian people are proud I’m sure that it was our compatriot. It was Sergei Paviovich Korolyev who designed the first artificial satellite in 1957. Many years have passed but the 4’ of October 1957 - the day when the world’s first artificial satellite flew into space will be remembered by all Russian people. T: We are proud of it you are right. You see many of the inventions we have been speaking about are commonplace now. And let’s come down to the Earth and pass over to the conversation concerning the gadgets and machines people use in their everyday life. What are they? P7: There are many of them. TV sets, microwaves, vacuum cleaners, mobile telephones, sewing machines, dishwashers and many others. P8: Don’t forget about computers. T: Do you feel like speaking about computers? Why? P8: You see we live in the age of information. And computers are the most rapidly changing sphere of modern technology. So, I am sure computers will always play the most important part in people’s life.
T: All right, I think we shall have some time at our today’s lesson to speak about computers too. First, however, scan the key words of Card 2 and try to explain in English why people use these or those gadgets and machines in their everyday life. But be attentive because the expressions explaining why people use some modern inventions in their everyday life are presented in the card in disorder. So think and try to match the gadgets and machines people use with their functions. I want you now to speak one after another (“in chain” and name the gadgets people use with their functions. Do, please. Карточка 2
P1: Let’s begin with computers. They are used to write programmes, to play computer games, to find and use a lot of useful information. We can’t live without them. As for TV sets they entertain ourselves when we see our favourite TV programmes. And TV remote-control units help us to operate the TV set from a distance. And certainly we can say that TV sets also play a very important part in our life. P2: Vacuum cleaners. It’s difficult to imagine our everyday life without them. They are used to perform everyday cleaning tasks from cleaning up liquids, dust and waste and even shampooing carpets. But mobile telephones are sometimes of greater importance because we can both receive and make calls from any place when we are far from our friends or relatives. This invention gives people a good opportunity to send or to receive messages like telegrams I should say. P3: Of great importance are also microwaves. Many people use them when they want to cook, to defrost or to reheat pre-prepared food. It’s very convenient and saves a lot of time. I can say that modem talking alarm clocks are very useful too. They not only wake up people but also tell the exact time. P4: I’d like to put in a word about video recorders or players. They are used to record any TV programme on a different channel or to watch pre-recorded videos which many young people enjoy seeing in their free time. Besides many of the young use cameras to take photographs of their friends and relatives and the places they visit. P5: As for solar powered calculators they are very useful too and help people to do calculations in sunlight or daylight. They help everybody to save time when you have to count something. There is a very important household unit which is also used to save people’s time. It’s a dishwasher that is used to wash dishes. P6: People may also buy a mower to cut and collect grass. And there is a body building machine too for those who want to build up their strength. P7: A very important appliance for many women is a sewing machine which is used to sew clothes or to sew on buttons and for doing embroidery and applique too. As for roller blades they are useful for people of any age. Their advantage is that you don’t need to go to the skating rink because you may go in for skating in the streets, in parks and squares. T: It’s very good that you know how the above mentioned modern appliances are used. But before buying a thing you want to know all of its positive characteristics. And it is natural. So now try to think and say why you are going to get this or that gadget to use at home. More over I want you to discuss the problem in pairs. (Учитель нацеливает учащихся на работу в парах, то есть в режиме [P1↔P2], с целью совершенствования их умений и навыков диалогической речи.) Try and say a few words in favour and against this or that appliance will you? Our key words of Card 3 and Card 4 will help you. And don’t forget using your colloquial vocabulary of Card 5. Well, let’s listen to your first dialogue. Have you managed to make it up? Карточка 3
P1: We have. And I suppose there is much to speak about television for example. P2: Don’t you like to watch TV? Is it bad for you? Is it more trouble for you than it is worth? P1: You are mistaken if you think this way. Television plays an important part in people’s life and watching TV gives people a fine opportunity to have fun and to entertain. P2: You are right because when watching TV you take your TV remote-control unit and easily switch from channel to channel to choose the very programme you enjoy. Isn’t it easy to operate? P1: Certainly it is. And more than that you may see different video films if you have got a video recorder which is also easy to operate. But to put it frankly people spend too much time on television. As far as I can see television deprives people of the pleasure to communicate. P2: I share your opinion. But what would you suggest? P1: It’s up to everybody to decide what to watch. But I for one think I shall never waste time on soaps or melodramas. Life is boring with them. P2: I see. T: Thank you. But let’s go on speaking about modem gadgets and other appliances. Try to give reasons in their favour and against them. Whose turn is it to go on speaking? Карточка 4
P3: It goes without saying that all people should pay much attention to their health. To my mind everybody must go in for sports. P4: All this is clear. Why do speak about it? P3: Don’t you understand? There is one thing among many in ventions of the 20th century which has a lot of advantages both in sports and in the way people spend their free time. P4: I suppose you are going to name it at last, aren’t you? P3: I mean roller blades. I believe the functions of roller blades are absolutely essential. P4: Why do you think so? P3: Well, it’s a very easy question to answer because to my mind life is boring without them. Roller blades are useful and reliable whatever your age is if you go in for sports and want to be both strong and healthy. P4: But what is the main benefit of the product? P3:Well, you don’t need to think how to spend your spare time wisely. You just do roller-skating in the streets, in parks and squares. And don’t forget about the fresh air you breathe in all the time. Isn’t it wonderful? All this adds to your health, doesn’t it? T: Everybody I am sure shares this opinion. But what products have the other students chosen to speak about? Who is ready to continue the conversation? Do, please. P5: To put it frankly there are household appliances which are needed for all of us. F6:Is it bad that there are such appliances that are very useful for everybody? I don’t understand what you mean. F5: Nobody says it’s bad. It’s natural that people clean up the fiat more efficiently if they use a vacuum cleaner. This appliance is very useful and reliable I believe. F6: You may say the same about a microwave oven which people use because it is more quickly and saves a lot of time. Of great importance is of course a cordless phone. Just fancy! You can make your calls from any of your rooms you like. But what is wrong? Карточка 5
P5: Nothing essential I hope. But there is one thing about them which is not clear to me. It’s the price of all of these appliances. I don’t think it’s reasonable enough. These appliances seem to be too expensive though no doubt they are very useful. P6: Do you mean few people can afford buying them? I think all of these appliances are a necessity rather than a luxury nowadays and let me hope that the prices won’t be too high. So everybody will be able to afford any appliance needed. T: I see, but there are two boys who are going to speak about computers. They are good at computers and can talk about them for hours. Am I right? P7: Certainly you are. And I am happy to express our agreeing. P8: And as for me I want to become a computer programmer. Computers will play the most important part in people’s life and everybody must learn how to operate them. P7: Are you sure you are good at computers? Aren’t computers difficult to operate? P8: Everything is easy to operate if you work hard to learn how to do it. P7: There are people however who say that life is boring with the computer if you sit in front of it all day long, isn’t it? P8: I am sure you are not of the same opinion because as I know you can’t do without it either. And besides the computer is also becoming a necessity rather than a luxury nowadays so don’t believe those who say it is very cheap and no use at all. Such people are always complaining about the price of the computer which seems to be never reasonable for them. P7: I agree with you and I want to add that it’s really exciting to write programmes or even to play computer games when you have free time. P8: The computer is the most useful invention of the 20th century I believe. It seems to me life is dull without computers. These are clever machines which offer people a lot of possibilities to develop their imagination, memory, and many other mental abilities. P7: I agree with you because I am of the same opinion. T: I see, boys and girls that you can say a lot about various devices. But I have never seen you buying these things. Will you give me an opportunity to witness it? So let us act out your conversations at a shop. Let’s have a short role-play as I want you now to play both the parts of shop assistants and shoppers. Imagine you are going to buy some of many appliances invented in the 20th century. Try to explain the shop assistant what you want to buy. As for the shop assistants their duty is to be polite on the one hand and to tell the shoppers the needed instructions about the thing on the other hand. As you see this work is very familiar to you and you will manage to do it well I am sure. The order of your conversation at a shop is presented in the chart of your text-book. And Card 6 can also help you to remember it. So, will you start? Карточка 6
P9 (shop assistant): Hello. What can I do for you? P10 (shopper): I’d like to buy a camera. P9: What kind of camera would you prefer to buy? P10: Well, let me see. I think a digital camera of course. Have you got digital cameras at your shop? P9: We have got different digital cameras. And their design is quite modem. Have a look at Mercuiy for example. You are sure to like it. P10: That’s really fine, I believe. A friend of mine has got such a camera. And he is pleased with the photos he has taken already. I’ll take it, I think. P9: But there are some things you must not forget. Don’t use the camera in areas near water. More than that if the camera has fallen turn the power off, remove the batteries and consult the store of purchase to be sure nothing wrong has happened. P10: Is water so dangerous for this camera? Sorry to say I can’t buy it because we are going to the seaside. P9: Don’t worry. I don’t think you will stay on the beach in rainy weather. Follow the instructions of the camera and you will enjoy your holidays. P10: Thank you. I believe it will be really so. I am taking the camera. P9: I am so happy to have helped you. P10: Good bye. P9: Good bye. Have a nice time. T: Any more volunteers to buy things at a shop? Which pair is ready to start the conversation? We are listening to you. P1 (shop assistant): Hi. What can I do to help you? P2 (shopper): I’d like to by a present for my friend. Do you think an electric kettle will be a good present for him? P1: No doubt it will because electric kettles are considered to be very useful and reliable. What kind of kettle would you like to buy? Do you prefer any foreign firm? P2: I think Sterlingg from England will suit me. Have you got kettles of this kind? P1: We have got a wide choice of kettles. Only look. Here they are. P2: Such kettles are easy to operate and they have already become a necessity rather than a luxury. And the price is reasonable enough as I see. P1: Don’t you like the design? P2: It’s nice too. I suppose I’ll take it. P1: But there are some instructions you are to follow. When fill- 9, ing the kettle or cleaning it after use unplug it or remove it from its base or cordless model. Never turn it on when there is no water inside. P2: I see. Are there too many instructions to follow? P1: Not many but very important. For example never open the kettle with boiling water to avoid any contacts with the steam jet and you will prevent bums. I am sure your friend will follow all of these instructions and he will get the most out of this kettle. Anything else? P2: No. Thank you very much. Good bye. P1: Thank you. Good bye. And come again. T: Thank you very much. Your dialogues were good. You see our lesson is coming to an end but I want you to do one more task. It concerns inventions too. You will have to listen to five very short texts. But be very attentive. You will have to understand what appliances are meant in each of these texts. After you have listened to the texts you will have to match their numbers with the names of the appliances given in Card 7. But choose the names of five appliances only. There is one extra name which you don’t need to use. Well, let’s begin. Учитель предоставляет учащимся возможность прослушать пять названных текстов, приведенных в карточке учителя 8. Учащиеся прослушивают их и затем делают записки в тетрадях, соотносятся номера прослушанных текстов с буквами, относящимися к конкретному изобретению или прибору. Тексты и ответы представлены в карточке учителя (карточка 8), которая учащимся не выдается, а тексты воспринимаются ими на слух. Карточка 7 (учащимся выдается)
Карточка 8 (учащимся не выдается)
T: Our lesson is coming to an end. I am pleased with your work today. If you have finished writing you may hand in your exercise- books.
Анализ усвоенности материала и интереса учащихся к теме. Сочетание разных форм работы на уроке (фронтальной, парной, индивидуальной), рациональность применения разнообразных форм заданий, форм учебного взаимодействия (учитель - ученик, учитель – ученик - ученик, ученик - ученик) позволили эффективно выполнить поставленные задачи, что способствовало сохранению познавательного интереса учащихся на протяжении всего урока. Считаю поставленные цель и задачи достигнутыми, что доказывает заинтересованность и активность детей, ученики говорили подавляющую часть урока, учитель лишь направлял и моделировал различные формы речевого взаимодействия. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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