Учебно-методическое пособие Петрозаводск 2008 Составитель, автор предисловия и учебно-методического приложения
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Intellectual ability: intelligent; unintelligent; bright; dull; smart; foolish; clever; silly; witty; half-witted; wise; unwise; brainy; brainless; broad-minded; narrow-minded; gifted; talented; talented; promising; progressive; dogmatic She is always …. She has the habit of …. To be like To take after somebody To have a reputation for To take life as it is /as it comes To have a tendency to There’s a touch of the … about him/her The lack of respect for The lack of confidence There’s something … about him/her Приложение II. STUDYING LITERATURE Classes of books: light / heavy reading, fiction / non-fiction, science fiction; biography, poetry; books about political, social, economic subjects; travel books; romances; thrillers; adventure / love stories; detective stories; fairy-tails and fantasies; ghost stories and mysteries; animal stories and family stories. The physical appearance of the book: to keep books clean and shiny; to bend a book in half; a book with loose / dog-eared pages; a beautifully printed book; a cheap paper-back (edition); an elegantly bound / pocket edition. Reading habits: to form a reading habit early in life; to motivate and encourage reading; an avid / voluntary / infrequent reader; to read silently to oneself, to read incessantly; to read quickly but accurately; to read slowly and laboriously; to read effortlessly; to read curled up in the chair; to read deep into the night; to read oneself to sleep; to read for pleasure / for examination; to be glued to a book for hours; to get lost in a book; to choose books according to subject / the author's name; to browse through newspapers / periodicals; to scan / skim a magazine / article; to dip into / glance over / thumb through a book. Library membership: to borrow books, to return / renew / request books; a borrower, a library ticket; a request card; to get / send reminder notices; to keep books which are overdue; to be suspended from the library; books on open reserve; books (not available) from a local library; a subject catalogue; a catalogue of authors and titles; magazine / reference / science sections in a library; to keep abreast of the developments in (electronics). Appreciation of books and authors: to favour modern / classical authors: a book that is certain delight; to have a good / bad / high / low opinion of; a trend to read relatively more non-fiction; a widespread indifference to (poetry); to get the fullest possible value from a book; to get the whole pleasure from...; to applaud or condemn (with an open mind); to pass judgement; to praise unreservedly. Positive attributes: exciting, amusing, humorous, informative, entertaining, gripping, absorbing, lively, witty. Negative characteristics: mediocre, lacking in originality, hackneyed, pompous, sentimental, repetitive, dull, boring, clumsy, rambling, heavy-handed, superficial, pretentious, wordy, dense. Writing about the plot. Plot development. The plot is the sequence of events in a story. It usually follows the pattern below. In the exposition the author introduces to us the story’s characters, setting and situation. The narrative hook is the point at which the author catches our attention and establishes the basic conflict that the story will eventually resolve. The narrative hook marks the beginning of the rising action, which adds complications to the story. The rising action leads up to the climax that usually indicates the way in which the story’s conflict will be solved. The falling action reveals the outcome of the climax. The resolution brings the story to a satisfying and logical conclusion. Task: Draw the map of the plot development. It the story follows the traditional plot structure; identify its narrative hook, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution. Writing about characters Concepts to remember. a) To compare means to examine two or more things, ideas, people for purpose of noting similarities. To contrast means to examine two or more items for the purpose of noting differences. b) A character may be flat or round. A flat character’s personality is dominated by a single trait; a round character possesses many different traits. c) A character may be static or dynamic. A static character does not change from the beginning of the work of literature to the end. A dynamic character changes in some way during the course of the work. This change may be positive or negative. Writing about the theme. Concepts to remember. A piece of literature may have both a subject and a theme. The subject is the specific topic of the story (novel). The theme is the generalization about life that the story leads you to see. Task: Identify the major theme of the story. How does the author illuminate the theme? What does the story have to say about people’s relationships? Writing about the tone. Concepts to remember. The tone is the attitude of the author toward the character and events in presenting the story to the reader. A writer’s tone may be sarcastic, sympathetic, objective, ironic, bitter, sad, serious, comic. Task: Identify the tone of the story. How does the author communicate the tone of the story? How does the word choice communicate the author’s attitude? How does the author treat the characters? Does he sympathize with them? Is the author objective about them? A critical evaluation of a story (novel). Task: Give a critical evaluation of the story, using words and word combinations suggested for literary discussion. Word list: the plot - сюжет subject - matter, contents - содержание explosion, setting - экспозиция narrative hook - завязка действия rising action - развитие действия climax - кульминация falling action - развязка conflict - конфликт subplot - вторая сюжетная линия events unfold, the action develops - события развертываются characters - действующие лица, герои the author shows the development of the character - образ дается в развитии women (men) characters - женские (мужские) образы positive character - положительный герой negative character - отрицательный герой the plot unfolds dynamically/ slowly - действие разворачивается быстро, медленно the leading (main) characters - главные герои the general tone of the story is matter-of-fact, ironic, etc. - общий тон рассказа бесстрастный, иронический… vivid description - живое повествование literary and artistic merits - литературные и художественные достоинства the subject of the novel (story) is drawn from life - тема романа (рассказа) взята из жизни bitter satire on… - острая сатира на … profound analysis - глубокий анализ The parts of the book The title page usually gives the complete title of the book, the names of authors or editors, the name of the publisher and the place of the publication. The copyright page gives the copyright dates, the names of copyright holders, the dates of editions or printings of the book. The foreword, preface, or introduction is a written commentary that supplies necessary background information. The table of contents is a summary or outline of the contents of the book, arranged in order of appearance. The text is the body of the book. It may be divided into chapters or sections. The appendices contain additional information, often in the form of maps, charts, tables, illustrations or graphs. The notes section contains footnotes to works cited or explanations of statements made in the text. The bibliography is a list of sources that were used in preparing the book or that may be of interest to readers who wish further information on the subject. The glossary is a dictionary of unusual or technical terms used in the text of the book. The index is an alphabetical list of subjects covered in the book. Each entry is followed by page numbers that enable you locate specific information. Not all books will contain all of the preceding parts. Before you start to look for the information that you need from a book, glance through it to see what parts the book contains. Then, use these parts to locate the information that you need. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give your arguments.
Answer the questions in groups and sum up common trends.
Share your opinions on the expressions of famous people.
Comment on the sayings:
Приложение III. 1. Тест-задание на выявление уровня знаний английской и американской литературы 1. Answer the following questions.
2. Match the novel type with its characteristics. (Сопоставьте литературные жанры с их характеристиками).
3. Point out two examples of English or American books on every literary genre? Don’t forget to write the name of the author. (Дайте два примера англоязычных произведений каждого литературного жанра, укажите их авторов.) 4. What is your favorite genre? Why? 5. Make a list of a) positive attributes and b) negative characteristics of books. (Составьте список положительных и отрицательных характеристик книг). 6. What kind of literature do you read? Why? 7. How do you select books for your private home library? Can you point out the definite criterions of your choice? (Как вы выбираете книги для домашней библиотеки? Каковы основные критерии выбора?) 8. Has it ever happened that you first saw a TV or screen version (adaptation) of a classic and later read the book? If yes, name the books. Was the experience positive or disappointing? (Какие англоязычные книги вы прочитали после просмотра экранизации? Был этот опыт положительным или разочаровывающим?) 9. Match the author and his/her literary work(s).
10. а) Expand on the list of English and American classical literature that should be read by everyone. (Продолжите список английской и американской классической литературы обязательной для прочтения.); b) Share your opinion of those ones you have read. (Представьте ваше мнение о тех, которые вы прочитали (помимо изученных по программе литературного образования.) 11. Note down 5 main features of the literary manner and style of any author from Task 9. (Напишите 5 основных характеристик манеры и стиля любого писателя из списка в задании 9). 12. Advise your groupmates to read any book from task 9. (Порекомендуйте студентам своей группы прочитать одну из книг в задании 9.) |
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