Программа по формированию навыков безопасного поведения на дорогах и улицах «Добрая дорога детства» 2
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| particle physics – физика элементарных частиц 3. were determined – были полны решимости 4. won a scholarship – получил (по конкурсу) стипендию 5. position – должность 2.4. Контрольная работа № 4 Вариант 1 I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них временную группу и залог инфинитива. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. They were glad to take part in our expedition. 2. The valuable information to be collected by sputniks will help to improve previous results. 3. To drive a car in a big city is very difficult. 4. He was happy to be working for many years with the famous scientist. 5. To study this phenomenon requires much knowledge. II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям. 1. The engineer expected the work to be done in time. 2. Light and radio waves are said to be of similar nature. 3. The mechanic heard the engine start. 4. These two scientists happened to work at the same problem. III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод независимого (самостоятель-ного) причастного оборота. 1. Two objects having the same temperature, the average energy of motion of their molecules is the same. 2. The moon being bright, everything was clearly visible. 3. Having built a new automobile plant, we increased the output of cars and buses. IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений. Определите, к какому типу условных предложений относится каждое из них. 1. If a solid body or a liquid is heated, it will usually expand. 2. If the speed of the body were 16 km per second, it would leave the solar system. 3. If they had completed the research, the results would have been discussed at the conference. 4. Were there no atmosphere, the surface of the Earth would become too hot by day and too cold at night. V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. CORROSION During a year almost 200 million tons of metal objects are considered to be destroyed by corrosion. Considering that about 600 million tons of metal a year are produced in the world, it is easy to understand the losses of objects without which our life could not be imagined. The situation is very serious, because not only metal is destroyed but also a great amount of articles, instruments, and tools whose cost exceeds many times1 the cost of the metal used for their manufacture. Combatting against2 the corrosion of metals has now become a key problem in all industrialized countries. The scientific and technical achievements in the field of raising the corrosion resistance of construction materials are the basis of technical progress in different branches of industry, an indicator of the country’s economic potential. Пояснения к тексту 1. many times – во много раз 2. to combat against – бороться против Вариант 2 I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них временную группу и залог инфинитива. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. The same element may combine in different proportions to give different compounds. 2. The results to be expected are of great importance. 3. The engine to be installed in this car is very powerful. 4. The laboratory assistant will be the last to leave the laboratory. 5. It was lovely to be skating on such a wonderful morning. II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям. 1. The discovery showed the atomic nucleus to be a vast source of energy. 2. We heard him come in and close the door behind him. 3. Carbon steel has been known to be principal product of the steel industry. 4. Lasers are known to have found application in medicine. III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод независимого (самостоятель-ного) причастного оборота. 1. The new equipment having been installed, the plant could raise its output. 2. The translation of the report having been finished, he showed it to the author. 3. Mendeleyev discovered the Periodic Law of elements, the table of elements bearing his name. IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений. Определите, к какому типу условных предложений относится каждое из них. 1. You will get good results if you apply this method of calculation. 2. If the quality of the equipment were higher, the results of the experiment would be more accurate. 3. If these scientists had made the experiment in time, they would have got more information about this process. 4. Were the mechanic there, he would repair the equipment. V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. CREATIVE FIRE All the industries today are in need of new methods of joining metals together and not only metals with metals but also joining metals with glass, plastics and many other materials. The work done by the Paton Institute of Electric Welding1 is considered to be the solution of these problems. For example, how to weld a 1,000 km-long pipeline? The Institute has developed a machine for welding pipelines. The welding section in each pipe exceeds 100,000 sq. mm. It would take 6-8 hours to perform this work by hand. The machine does it in two minutes. The machine was tested in production conditions, the results being excellent. It would seem strange to compare the steel constructions that produce oil in the Caspian Sea with a space station orbiting the Earth. What do they have in common? But they do2 – it is the need for making repairs, and repairs mean cutting metal and doing welding work. The rapid development of the oil and other mineral resources of the ocean made the problem of underwater welding especially up-to-date. The equipment developed by Kiev scientists is very effective. New semi-automatic machines for underwater welding increased divers’3 productivity by 25-30 times. Пояснения к тексту 1. the Paton Institute of Electric Welding – Институт электросварки им. Патона (в Киеве) 2. But they do – А они все-таки имеют(ся) 3. divers – ныряльщики Вариант 3 I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них временную группу и залог инфинитива. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Water may be used to drive dynamos which generate electricity. 2. Newton made use of the three laws of motion to explain the movement of the Moon around the Earth and of the planets around the Sun. 3. The new branches of industry to be developed in this part of the country are metallurgy and radio engineering. 4. The process to be analysed in this article is known as ionization. 5. To design a machine means to take the dimensions of its separate parts. II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям. 1. The Sun and stars are proved to be able to produce great quantities of energy by means of certain nuclear reactions. 2. We know the cybernetics to be an important branch of modern technology. 3. The computer is said to be able to do computation in milliseconds. 4. The technician felt something heavy strike the platform. III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод независимого (самостоятельного) причастного оборота. 1. No essential results having been obtained, the scientists had to carry out some more experiments. 2. A site for the construction having been chosen, the work started. 3. One scientist after another have tried cooling some gas to absolute zero, their attempts coming to nothing. IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений. Определите, к какому типу условных предложений относится каждое из них. 1. In case the temperature is raised, the reaction will proceed more rapidly. 2. If the air were only composed of nitrogen, burning would be impossible. 3. If the engineer had been informed of the results before, he would have allowed you to repeat the test. 4. Had he all the necessary materials, he would accomplish his model in time. V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. SUN-DRIVEN ENGINE We know solar power is inexhaustible1 and its use does not harm the environment. That’s why such importance is attached to the devices which make it possible to apply the idea of direct use of solar power, transforming it into mechanical forms of power. The development of an engine directly driven by a heat source such as solar power, makes it possible to simplify and make power generation considerably cheaper, in comparison to the existing thermal engines we use today. The rotor of the new engine is made of an alloy that loses its magnetic properties already at 100°C. If the rotor is heated on one side, the cold side of the rotor will turn toward the magnet. Since heating continues, the rotor goes on rotating, too. Thus solar power can be used as a source of heat in this case. The magnetoheat engine can drive pumps in waterless districts, it can also be widely used for watering greenery in cities and settlements. Пояснения к тексту 1. inexhaustible – неисчерпаемый, неистощимый Библиографический список
О.С. Ахмановой, Е.А.М. Уилсон. -3-е изд., испр. – М.: Рус.яз., 1991.
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