Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов дневной формы обучения и включает теоретические аспекты перевода, практикум по переводу

§ 11. Motors

Прочитайте слова и выучите наизусть.

1. series wound motor - двигатель с последовательным возбуждением

2. shunt wound motor - двигатель с параллельным воз- буждением

3. compound wound motors - двигатель со смешанным возбуждением

4. rotation - вращение

5. to reverse - поворачивать

6. to weaken - ослабевать

7. armature - арматура, якорь

8. winding - обмотка
Прочитайте текст и сделайте послетекстовые упражнения.

Motors

Motors like generators may be either series, shunt or compound wound. The speed of a shunt-wound motor does not very much with the changes in the load, but that of series-wound motor falls as the load increases. Note that the direction of rotation of a motor is not reversed toy reversing the supply current, because this would change the polarity of both the field and the armature. To reverse the rotation it is necessary to reverse the connections of either the field or the armature, but not both.

The speed of a motor can be varied by varying the strength of the field, the speed increasing as the field is weakened. The field strength can be con­trolled in the same way as that of a generator, i.e. by resistance in series with the field-magnet winding of a shunt-wound machine or in parallel with that a series wound machine.

3. Найдите в левой колонке английские эквиваленты русских слов.

speed 1. сила поля

change the load 2. ток

the strength of field 3. скорость

in parallel 4. параллельно

supply 5. полярность

current 6. скорость

polarity 7. снабжение, питание

direction 8. увеличивать

to increase 9. изменить нагрузку

направление

4. Найдите в тексте существительные, образованные с помощью суффиксов: ion; ity.

5. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:

the strength of field; change the polarity; generators; speed; to weaken the field; the rotation; shunt motor; series motor; the load

6. Сформулируйте вопросы к предложениям из текста – 2; 3; 4.

7. Образуйте всевозможные словообразовательные формы от следующих глаголов и переведите на русский язык:

to vary; to change; to load; to reverse; to control; to resist.

8. Найдите синонимы для следующих слов.

Strength; direction; to reverse; to change; field

9. Найдите антонимы к следующим словам.

to weaken; to fall; to strengthen; necessary; direction; load

§ 12. Armature Reaction in a Motor.
1. Прочитайте слова и выучите наизусть.

brush - щетка

e.m.f (electromotive force) - электродвижущая сила

rotation - вращение

armature - арматура, якорь

armature current - ток на якоре

an angle - угол

voltage - напряжение

2. Прочитайте текст и сделайте послетекстовые упражнения.

Armature Reaction in a Motor.

The effect of armature reaction in a motor is opposite to that in a generator and in order to allow for it, the brushes are given an angle of lag instead of an angle of lead; that is, they are moved from the mid position in a direction contrary to that of rotation. As in the case of the generator, interpoles are often employed to еnsure sparkles commutation.

When the armature of a motor rotates, the conductors cut the magnetic field, and an e.m.f. is produced in them just as it is in the case of a generator. This back e.m.f. opposes the applied e.m.f., the difference between them being the voltage which drives the current through the armature resistance. If we multiply the back e.m.f. by the armature current, we obtain the electrical equivalent (in watts) of the mechanical power developed by the motor.

3. Найдите в левой колонке английские эквиваленты русских слов.

equivalent 1. вращение

multiply 2. вместо чего-либо

to obtain 3. направление

instead of 4. электродвижущая сила

e.m.f. 5. позиция

conductor 6. получать

opposite to 7. умножать

direction 8. противоположный

rotation 9. проводник

position 10. эквивалент

4. Найдите в тексте существительные и причастия II, образованные от следующих глаголов:

to direct; to produce; to resist; to develop; to employ; to commutate; to generate; to differ

5. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:

to be opposite to; to ensure; cut the magnetic field; mechanical power; equivalent; difference between; the applied e.m.f.; in the case of

6. Сформулируйте разделительные вопросы к предложениям из текста – 1; 3; 5.

7. Образуйте всевозможные словообразовательные формы от следующих глаголов и переведите на русский язык:

to employ; to cut; to oppose; to obtain; to drive; to multiply.

8. Найдите синонимы для следующих слов.

to produce; to rotate; direction; in order to; effect; position

9. Найдите антонимы к следующим словам.

opposite; to move; to oppose; back; to cut.

§ 13. Advantages of Welded Work over Riverted Work.
1. Прочитайте слова и выучите наизусть.

welding - сварка

riverted work - заклепка

weight - вес

utilization - использование

to weaken - ослаблять

strap - хомут; стяжка; пайка

to punch - пробивать

to drill - сверлить

butt-joint seam - стыковое соединение

2. Прочитайте текст и сделайте послетекстовые упражнения.

Advantages of Welded Work over Riverted Work.

The application of welding instead of riveting to make permanent joints has a number of advantages, the chief being economy of material and labour. Metal is saved due to:

the lighter weight of members joined by welding (the weight of welds comprises about 1-1,5 per cent of the work weight while the weight of rivets is about 3,5 - 4 per cent)

the better utilization of metal due to the absence of holes which weaken the effective section

the possibility of a wide use of butt-joined seams requiring no additional elements such as straps.
The use of welding instead of riveting saves on an average 10 to 20 per cent in weight. Less labour is required, because it is no longer necessary to lay out, punch or drill the holes. Besides riveting is much more complicated and less productive job than welding which can be often largely automated.

3. Найдите в левой колонке английские эквиваленты русских слов.

application 1. постоянный

advantage 2. преимущество

utilization 3. напайка

possibility 4. применение

weight 5. использование

to punch 6. сверлить

to drill 7. возможность

to require 8. пробивать

strap 9. требовать

permanent 10. вес

4. Найдите в тексте существительные и причастия I, образованные от следующих глаголов:

to apply; to utilize; to weld; to rivert; to require.

5. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:

a number of advantages; a permanent joint; economy of material; absence of; instead of; less labour; it is no longer necessary

6. Сформулируйте специальные вопросы к предложениям из текста – 1; 2; 4.

7. Образуйте всевозможные словообразовательные формы от следующих глаголов и переведите на русский язык:

to save; to join; to add; to weld; to punch; to make

8. Найдите синонимы для следующих слов.

to use; chief; to make; labour; instead of; additional

9. Найдите антонимы к следующим словам.

necessary; light; to join; to weaken; section; effective; largely

§ 14. Welding.
1. Прочитайте слова и выучите наизусть.

non-detachable joining - неразъемное соединение

hammer welding - кузнечная сварка

thermit welding - термитная сварка

electric welding - электросварка

gas welding - газовая сварка

blacksmith’s forge - кузница

iron oxide - оксид железа

fusion - плавление

to ignite - прокаливать

2. Прочитайте текст и сделайте послетекстовые упражнения.

Welding.

Welding is a process, which provides a non-detachable joining of two like metal pieces by heating them till melting condition or fusion without with mechanical pressure. Fusion of two metal pieces may be brought about by different types of welding, such as hammer welding, thermit welding, electric welding and gas welding.

Hammer welding is a process in which two metal pieces are joined and fused together by force from a hand or power hammer after having heated these pieces in a blacksmith’s forge until they reached their plastic stage.

Thermit welding is a process consisting of a chemical reaction obtained by igniting finely divided aluminium and iron oxide. This type of welding is used in repairing rails, frames, etc.

3. Найдите в левой колонке английские эквиваленты русских слов.

joining 1. кузня

welding 2. сварка

fusion 3. условие

forge 4. процесс

rails 5. соединение

hammer welding 6. рельсы

metal pieces 7. сплавлять вместе

process 8. металлические куски

to fuse together 9. плавка

10. condition 10. кузнечная сварка

4. Найдите в тексте Причастия I, II образованные от следующих глаголов:

to melt; to heat; to fuse; to bring; to reach; to consist

5. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:

different types of welding; mechanical pressure; metal pieces; to fuse together; chemical reaction; to ingnite finely

6. Сформулируйте общие вопросы к предложениям из текста – 2; 3; 4.

7. Образуйте всевозможные словообразовательные формы от следующих глаголов и переведите на русский язык:

to fuse; to consist; to heat; to react; to use; to repair

8. Найдите синонимы для следующих слов.

without; different; like (похожий); type; process; piece

9. Найдите антонимы к следующим словам.

without; different; like (похожий); to obtain; to reach

§ 15.Blast-furnace.
1. Прочитайте слова и выучите наизусть.

pig iron - чугун

blast furnace - доменная печь

to consume - потреблять

raw material - сырой материал

shaft - вал

combustion - сгорание

crucible - тигель

slag - шлак

tyere - фурма доменной печи

cupola - вагранка

2. Прочитайте текст и выполните послетекстовые упражнения.

Blast-furnace.

The modern blast-furnace constitutes the largest and most complicated type of metallurgical plant. Such a plant is capable of producing more than one thousand tons of pig iron a day. It consumes large quantities of raw materials. The material entering the blast-furnace consists of the iron ore, the flux (limestone), and a fuel.

The blast-furnace derived its name from the fact that the air to support combustion must be forced into it under pres­sure, because of the resistance offered by the column of material within the shaft to passage of the combustion gases. The air is usually blown in the bottom through the tuyeres.

The term "charge" refers to the materials fed at the top and includes the fuel, the ore and the flux.

The blast-furnace is a circular shaft of varying dimen­sions made of fire brick. The furnace has a cylindrical crucible at its base for the molten products to be collected. The diameter of the shaft is the biggest in the zone of fusion.

Chemical reaction between carbon, oxygen, and iron and its oxides occur within the blast-furnace. As a result of these reactions pig iron and slag are produced.

The cupola is a small blast-furnace used to remelt pig iron for the purpose of making iron castings in the foundry.

3. Найдите в левой колонке английские эквиваленты русских слов.

cupola raw combustion slag tyere crucible oxygen fuel pressure passage

шлак фурма тигель давление проход горючее кислород вагранка сырой сгорание

4. Найдите в тексте существительные и причастия II, образованные от следующих глаголов:

to derive, to press, to melt, to blow, to react, to produce.

5. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:

to be collected, under pressure, at the top, consist of, in the zone, within the blast-furnace, because of the resistance, for the purpose, this reaction, chemical reaction.

6. Сформулируйте специальные вопросы к первой части текста.

7. Образуйте существительные и прилагательные, образованные от следующих глаголов и переведите на русский язык:

to press, to react, to fuse, to resist, to charge, to blow, to produce.

8. Найдите синонимы для следующих слов.

base, dimension, capable, to use, purpose, to make, quantity.

9. Найдите антонимы к следующим словам.

reaction, top, within, to force, to support, small, to include.

§ 16. Прочитайте текст и подготовьте аннотацию текста на английском языке.

Engineering material

1. Materials used in mechanical engineering consist chieflv of metals, alloys and plastics, which have almost completely replaced timber largely used in the past. Rubber is employed for some purposes mainly for fittings, packings and washers. Leather is also used for washers, pump-plungers and driving belts.

2. Metals of various types and their alloys are by far the most widely used materials. One of the oldest is cast iron, which is made from iron ore by smelting it in a kiln or chamber called a " blast furnace". Run off into sand moulds and cooled, cast iron forms blocks called pigs.

3. Steel is produced by melting cast iron (pigs) and refining it to remove some of the carbon and other impurities. Special kinds of steel comprise mild or structural steel, alloy steel, stainless steel carbon (or tool) steel, self (or air) hardening steel, heat resisting steel and many others.
§ 17 How Are American Companies Organized?
1. Прочитайте слова и выучите наизусть.

clear - четкий, ясный; четко, ясно

to change - менять

department - отдел

to promote - выдвигать, продвигать

project team - проектная бригада

temporary - временный

flexible - гибкий

to lay off - уволить
2. Прочитайте текст и выполните послетекстовые упражнения.

How Are American Companies Organized?

Most traditional American companies have a clear organizational structure. It's clear who does what. People can change jobs, but the company's structure does not change. For example, a sales person can become a sales manager, or the manager of a department can become a vice-president. A worker can be pro­moted to a better job within the organization. The organization does not change. Newer companies sometimes have a more flexible structure especially in a high-tech world. These companies may be organized into project teams. These teams may be temporary. They may work together only for а short time. Then the work­ers may be moved to other teams for different projects. If there is no new project, in many companies these workers may be laid off. The president or vice-presi­dents may not change but the managers and workers will change jobs much more often than in the past. The world of business is changing very quickly. A flexible structure helps a company move quickly.
3. Найдите в левой колонке английские эквиваленты русских слов:

flexible structure 1. увольнять рабочих

change jobs 2. гибкая структура

manager of a department 3. различные проекты

a sales person 4. структура компании

a vice-president 5. менеджер отдела

company’s structure 6. мир высоких техноло- гий

a high-tech world 7. продавец

different projects 8. двигаться быстро

move quickly 9. вице-президент

lay off the workers 10. менять работу

4. Найдите в тексте существительные, прилагательные, образованные от следующих глаголов:

to organize, to manage, to depart, to differ, to flex

5. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:

a clear organizational structure, change jobs, can become, can be promoted, a more flexible structure, project teams, may be temporary, for a short time, for different projects, may be laid off, more often in the past, the world of business, move quickly.

6. Сформулируйте вопросы к данным предложениям:

Most traditional American companies have a clear organizational structure.

People can change jobs.

A worker can be promoted to a better job within the organization.

Newer companies sometimes have a more flexible structure.

The teams may be temporary.

7. Образуйте прилагательные от следующих слов и переведите их на русский язык:

tradition, organization, flex, especially, differ, quickly

8. Найдите синонимы для следующих слов:

a shop assistant, for instance, become jobless, alter jobs, an American firm, to get a better job

9.Найдите антонимы к следующим словам:

slowly, permanent, unclear, long, old, seldom, in the future


§18. Intellectual Property of the Company
1. Прочитайте слова и выучите наизусть.

property - собственность

create - создавать

own - владеть

value - стоимость, цена

software - программное обеспечение

protect - защищать

require - требовать

8. confidentiality - конфиденциальность.
2. Прочитайте текст и выполните послетекстовые упражнения.

Intellectual Property of the Company

Intellectual property means the ideas and information that are created by a com­pany. A company owns its intellectual property. It has value just like a computer or a desk. When you leave a company, you can't take a computer or your desk with you. Ideas can belong to a company, and if you leave the company, you can't use those ideas at your new company. It's a big problem in high-tech industries like computer software. For example, you work for a company that makes computer games. If you leave that company and go to another company that also makes com­puter games, you have a lot of knowledge that belongs to your first company. That's intellectual property. One way to protect intellectual property is to require all em­ployees to sign a confidentiality agreement. A confidentiality agreement says that you can't use any secret information after you leave the company.

3. Найдите в левой колонке английские эквиваленты русских слов:

1. intellectual property 1. создавать

create 2. создавать компьютерные игры

to protect 3. принадлежать компании

make computer games 4. использовать идеи

belong to a company 5. подписать соглашение

use the ideas 6.соглашение конфиденциально- сти

to sign an agreement 7. уходить из компании

a confidentiality agreement 8. владеть собственностью

to leave the company 9. защищать

to own the property 10.интеллектуальная

собственность
3. Найдите в тексте существительные, образованные от следующих глаголов:

to inform, to compute, to employ, to agree, to confide

4. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:

intellectual property, owns the intellectual property, leave a company, belong to a company, a big problem, computer software, computer games, protect intellectual property, sign a confidentiality agreement, use secret information

5. Сформулируйте вопросы к данным предложениям:

A company owns its intellectual property.

Ideas can belong to a company.

It’s a big problem in high-tech industries.

To protect intellectual property is to require all employees to sign a confidentiality agreement.

You can’t use any secret information after you leave the company.

6. Образуйте существительные и прилагательные от следующих глаголов и переведите их на русский язык:

to create, to own, to value, to use, to protect, to require, to agree, to inform, to compute, to confide

7. Найдите синонимы для следующих слов:

firm, to possess, price, for instance, secret, play, produce, concept, treaty

8. Найдите антонимы к следующим словам:

to stay, old, small, obvious, jobless

§19. Demand and Supply.
1. Прочитайте слова и выучите наизусть.

demand - спрос, требование

supply - предложение, обеспечение, поставка

equilibrium - равновесие

equilibrium price - равновесная цена

excess supply surplus - перенасыщенность рынка

substitute good - товар-заменитель

complement good - товар-дополнение

increase - увеличение, увеличиваться

decrease - уменьшение, уменьшаться

inferior good - товар низкого качества

input price - цена ресурсов

impose - навязывать

shortage - нехватка
2. Прочитайте текст и выполните послетекстовые упражнения.

Demand and Supply.

Demand is the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at each price¹.

Supply is the quantity of a good that sellers wish to sell at each price.

The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (shortage) raising the price. At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price.

There are some factors influencing demand for a good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others.

An increase in the price of a substitute good (or a decrease in the price of a complement good) will at the same time raise the demanded quantity.

As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal good will also increase but demand for an inferior good will decrease. A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise. An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.

As to supply, some factors are constant. Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation. An improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity of a good as a reduction in input prices.

Government regulates demand and supply, imposing ceiling prices (maximum prices) and floor prices (minimum prices) and adding its own demand to the demand of the private sector

Notes: 1. любая цена.

3. Найдите в левой колонке английские эквиваленты:

the quantity of a good 1. регулировать количество

regulate the quantity 2. товар-дополнение

raise the price 3. необходимое количество

a complement good 4. улучшение в технологии

the demanded quantity 5.степень правительственного регулирования

inferior good 6. перенасыщенность рынка

improvement in technology 7. товар низкого качества

degree of government regulation 8. цена ресурсов

excess supply 9. поднимать (повышать) цену

input prices 10. количество товара

4. Найдите в тексте существительные, прилагательные, образованные от следующих слов:

to buy, to sell, to produce, to consume, to regulate, to govern, to improve, to reduce, to import
5. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:

the quantity of a good, regulate the quantity, excess supply, an increase in the price, an inferior good, a substitute good, an improvement in technology, regulate demand and supply
6. Сформулируйте вопросы к данным предложениям:

Demand is the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at each price.

There are some factors influencing demand for a good.

The market is equilibrium, when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers.

Government regulates demand and supply.

Government imposes maximum prices and minimum prices.
7. Образуйте прилагательные от следующих слов и переведите их на русский язык:

shortage, technology, constantly, normally, highly
8. Найдите синонимы следующих слов:

surplus, shortage, maximum prices, minimum prices, reduce prices, increase prices, fall
9. Найдите антонимы для следующих слов:

to increase, producer, shortage, inferior good, buyer, fall
§ 20. Auditing
Прочитайте слова и выучите наизусть.
auditor - аудитор

accountant - эксперт по анализу балансов и финансовой отчетности, квалифицированный бухгалтер

accuracy - точность, правильность, тщательность

impose - навязывать, полагать

account - финансовый отчет

meet the requirement - отвечать требованиям

deal - иметь дело

identify - обнаружить

error - ошибки

occur - случаться, происходить

annual - ежегодный

fair - честный

amount - количество

fraud - обман, мошенничество

assumption - предположение, допущение
2. Прочитайте текст и выполните послетекстовые упражнения.

Auditing

The profession of the auditor is considered to be one of the most prestigious and well-paid ones. Auditors are accountants who analyze financial statements of the company and their responsibility is to express an opinion as to whether the accuracy of the company's financial reporting meets the requirements imposed by the government. In general, auditors deal more with operating efficiency and managerial effectiveness than with the accuracy of the accounting data.

Internal auditors are known to be hired by the company in order to help to identify accounting weakness and correct them before significant errors occur. They are often analytically minded people.

Independent auditors are employed by a company's board of directors to supply the stockholders with the results of checking the financial statements, in order to prove that annual reports are fair representations of the financial position of the company. Performing his work the auditor should follow several principles and assumptions: the company's accounts must represent a true financial position; generally accepted accounting principles have been used at all accounting steps and accounts can be compared with those of similar companies; the proper amount of information is disclosed in the financial statements. As a result, the auditor's opinion should be based only on facts and it must be objective. Auditors are expected to maintain a relationship of strict independence and professionalism with the companies for whom they work, so they mustn't hold shares in these companies. They must always carry out their duties under the law and inform authorities about fraud.

3. Найдите в левой колонке английские эквиваленты:

one of the most prestigious 1. анализировать финансовую документацию

analyze financial statements 2. серьезные ошибки

accuracy of the accounting data 3. ежегодные отчеты

to be hired by the company 4. следовать (соблюдать) несколько принципов

significant errors 5. не должны держать ак- ции

company’s board of directors 6. можно сравнить

annual reports 7. совет директоров ком- пании

can be compared 8. быть нанятым компа- ниией

must not hold shares 9. точность финансовых отчетов

follow several principles 10.одна из самых пре- стижных
4. Найдите в тексте существительные, прилагательные, образованные от следующих глаголов:

to account, to state, to response, to govern, to require, to represent, to effect, to signify, to manage

5. Составьте предложения, используя слова и выражения:

is considered, analyze financial statements, express on opinion, deal with efficiency and managerial effectiveness, a company’s board of directors, follow several principles and assumptions, can be compared, should be based only on facts, strict independence and professionalism

6. Сформулируйте вопросы к данным предложениям:

Auditors are accountants who analyze financial statements of the company.

Internal auditors are hired by the company.

Independent auditors are employed by a company’s board of directors.

Auditors should follow several principles and assumptions.

They must carry out their duties under the law and inform authorities about fraud.

7. Образуйте прилагательные от следующих слов и переведите их на руский язык:

responsibility, finance, efficiency, to manage, objectivism, professionalism

8. Найдите синонимы для следующих слов:

bookkeeper, reports, firms, the same, to keep a relationship, to perform

9. Найдите антонимы для следующих слов:

inaccuracy, internal auditors, unfair, to close, dependent

§20. Упражнения для перевода.

I. Переведите на русский язык.

1. 
   Many materials now commonly used were not even thought of thirty years ago.
   

2. 
   The region surrounding a magnet, in which appreciable magnetic forces exist, is referred to as the magnetic field.
   

3. 
   Chemical methods of purifying water are given much attention to by our scientists.
   

4. 
   What would happen provided all the air could be forced out of the room.
   
5. 
   Were there no loss of energy by friction, the motion would continue once it had been started.
   

6. 
   Lebedev's having worked out an efficient method of making artifi­cial rubber made our industry independent of imported rubber.
   
7. 
   Without being subjected to a special treatment, raw rubber cannot be used for manufacturing such things as tyres, wire insulation, etc.
   
8. 
   The evaporation increases with the temperature, other things being equal.
   
9. 
   The physics of things at rest is much simpler than that of things in motion.
   

10. 
    Substance which are composed of identical moleculas are pure substances, pure water, pure oxygen, pure salt etc. Substances which are composed of the moleculas of different pure substances are mixtures.
    

II. Переведите на русский язык.

Ozone.

The changes which bodies undergo in nature, are called phenomena, the evaporation of water, for example, the substance is preserved. They are phenomena. In others, e.g. in the decomposition of water, the substance is altered and substances are obtained. Such phenomena are called chemical phenomena.

From the standpoint of the atomic-molecular theory, chemical reactions represent a rearrangement of atoms into new molecules. This rearrangement is always accompanied by the liberation or the absorbtion of heat.

Physical Properties of Ozone. Ozone is a gas of pale blue colour. It has characteristic odour which is so strong that even traces of ozone can be detected. Ozone is 1.63 as dence as air. It is much more soluble in water than oxygen. (100 volumes of water dissolve 49volumes of ozone.) Ozone is a stranger oxidizing agent (oxidizer) than oxygen. The bleaching and disinfecting properties of ozone are due to the atomic oxygen, easily separated from the ozone molecule.

The rate of chemical reaction is measured by the change in the concentra­tion of one of the reactants or of one of the products, per unit of time. The most important factors, which influence the rate of chemical reactions, are the concentration of the reactant, the temperature and the presence of a catalyst.

Oxides which combine with water to form acids are called acid oxides. Sulfur dioxide is an acid oxide. It reacts with basic oxides and with, bases to form salts of sulphurous acid, called sulphites SO2+CaO=CaSO3, (calcium sulphite). Compounds like sulphurous acid which can be looked upon as formed an acid oxide and water, are called oxy-acids (oxygen containing acids, or acid hydroxides.
III. Переведите на русский язык.

1. 
   The charge of an atom is not affected by the number of neutrons present but depends on the balance between electrons and protons.
   
2. 
   The pole of a magnet which points North is referred to as the North Pole of the magnet, the other magnetic pole is the South Pole.
   
3. 
   In practice the solidification of pure metals is influenced to a great extent by what may be generally described as external conditions.
   
4. 
   To summarize the findings of this tremendous work would require many pages.
   
5. 
   Roentgen suggested that the rays characterized by great penetrating power should be called X-rays.
   
6. 
   If the earth did not rotate it would not have the shape of a ball.
   
7. 
   Oxygen is an element of utmost importance to us as all living things would die without it.
   
8. 
   Mica is widely used as dielectric in high-grade condensers because ofits having high voltage strength resistance.
   
9. 
   The stability of the compound being formed must be considered.
   
10. 
    Power is the basis of civilization, all industry and transport being dependent upon power in some form.
    
11. 
    The most important effect the Moon has on the Earth is in the production of the tides.
    
12. 
    The greater conductivity a substance has, the less is its resistance.
    

Библиографический список

1. 
   Аристов Н.В. Основы перевода. М., 1959.
   
2. 
   Бархударов Л.С. Пособие по переводу технической литературы (английский язык). М., 1967.
   
3. 
   Вейзе А А., Киреев Н. Б. и др. Перевод техническойлитературы с английского на русский. Минск, 1997.
   
4. 
   Комиссаров В.В. 0 методике преподавания перевода в вузе //Теории перевода и методика его преподавания в языковом вузе. М :МГПИИЯ,1980
   
5. 
   Левицкая Т.Р. Проблемы перевода. М., 1976.
   
6. 
   Львовская Э.Д. Теоретические проблемы перевода М , 1985.
   
7. 
   Программа для неязыковых вузов:
   
8. 
   Пронина P.P. Пособие по переводу английской научно-технической литературы. М, 1973.
   
9. 
   Пьянкова Т.М. Пособие по переводу русских полиэквивалентных терминов на английский язык. М., 1973.
   
10. 
    Салистра И.Д. Методика обучения немецкому языку. М., 1988.
    
11. 
    Стрелковский P.M., Латыпов Л.К. Научно-технический переводМ , 1980.
    
12. 
    Федоров А В. Основы общей теории перевода. М, 1968.
    
13. 
    Чебурашкин Н.Д. Технический перевод в школе. М, 1976
    
14. 
    Чтение, перевод, устная речь: Сборник. Л., 1977.
    
15. 
    
    
16. 
    Шубин Э.П. Языковая коммуникация и обучение. М., 1972.
    

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