Методические указания для выполнения контрольных заданий для студентов фдо I и II курсов инженерных специальностей по дисциплине «английский язык»

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Название	Методические указания для выполнения контрольных заданий для студентов фдо I и II курсов инженерных специальностей по дисциплине «английский язык»
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Тип	Методические указания

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ING-форма

Building

Participle 1

Причастие 1

строящийся
строя

формальные маркеры;

when (while) building

при строительстве

строя

когда (пока) строят

The working motor (какой?)-работающий мотор
Applying the method the technologists will get the results desired - Применяя метод технологи получат желаемые результаты (ф.обст.)

Verbal noun

Отглагольное существительное

здание

строительство

формальные маркеры:

артикли a, the

Vings – множественное число

Gerund

Герундий
строить

строительство

маркеры:

глагол + ing-форма

предлог + ing-форма

переводится:

предлог +сущест.

деепричастие (а, я, ав, ив)
the working model (для чего?) – рабочая модель, модель для работы
Applying the method will give the results desired – Применение этого метода даст желаемые результат

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2.
ВАРИАНТ 1.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.
1. When the work had been completed the results were published in the

magazine.

2. When the experiment was being made everybody was watching it with great

interest.

3. A great deal of research work was done at this institute.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. It was noisy in the hall as the students were talking about their summer

holidays.

2. Last year the number of tourists to the Caucasus exceeded that of the previous

one.

3. One must know traffic rules if one wants a drive a car safely.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. I have to translate the text but I have no dictionary.

2. The students usually do nothing on the day after the exam.

3. The weather was fine when we had our holidays.

4. He was only 12 when his family moved to Moscow.

5. Professor N was to deliver a lecture on history at the club.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию причастия, герундия, инфинитива.
1. Before writing our test we learn the necessary grammar rules.

2. Speaking about his new invention the young engineer told us many interesting

things.

3. Alexei Leonov was the first man to step into space.

4. To build new electric stations is to develop our industry.

V. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.
ENERGY AND ELECTRONS
1. The structure of atom is similar to planetary system, electrons orbiting around a certain nucleus. Electrons also rotate about their own axes. We know the rate of electron rotation and the orbital path determine the amount of energy passed by the atom.

2. The total energy contained in any atom is known to be the sum of the energies of the individual electrons. Electrons of a given atom can be changed from their position by different energies. Radioactive materials, for example, are constantly undergoing a change. Radioactive energy emitted from the material changes it from one form to another. It is also possible to change the atom structure by means of controlled nuclear reaction.

3. There is a simple method of changing the amount of energy in a given atomic structure. A photoelectric cell has a large area photocathode made from chemically active materials. These materials are alkali metals.

4. There are two basic laws of photo electricity. The first law states that the number of electrons released per unit of time from photoelectric surface is directly proportional to the intensity of the incident light ( падающий свет ).

5. The second law states that the maximum energy of electrons coming from photoelectric surface is independent of the intensity of the incident light and is directly proportional to the frequency of the light. The higher the frequency of incident of radiation, the higher is the energy of photoelectrons.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2
ВАРИАНТ 2.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.
1. After the lecture had been delivered we asked many questions, and the lecturer

answered them.

2. Many specialists are trained for the national economy.

3. These students will be sent to Moscow to take part in the conference.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. The crowd came close to the speaker, as it was interested in the theme of his

speech.

2. One must choose a profession which one likes.

3. My room is very light, that of my brother is not so light but it is large.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. The examination paper had to contain not less than ten grammar exercises.

2. This book does not give any information on the history of chemistry.

3. I have been to Kiev this summer.

4. All the students were present at the lecture yesterday.

5. A new pump station is to be set up in this cotton-growing area.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию причастия, герундия, инфинитива.
1. He was informed about their coming to Moscow.

2. Energy is defined as the ability to do work.

3. While building the bridge the workers used new materials.

4. To study geometry means to train logical thinking.

V. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.

ATOM AND ELECTRON
1. Present atomic theories, based on the atom model, place the mass and the positive charge of an atom in a central nucleus, surrounded by moving electrons. The nucleus is composed of neutrons and protons. Neutrons have a mass approximately one-sixteenth that of the mass of the oxygen atom and have zero electrical charge. The proton has a mass slightly lighter than that of the neutron and approximately equal to the mass of the hydrogen H.

2. The chemical elements are differentiated by varying numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, numbers of protons being equal to the atomic number, hydrogen having one, helium two, and so on.

3. The electron is the smallest known indivisible unit of electric charge. Early experimenters succeeded in the measuring the ratio of the charge of the electron to mass, and in 1910 the charge was first measured, thus determining these properties of the electron.

4. The electron appears to have a dual personality, at times being best thought of as a particle, and in other experiments seeming to require wave properties for a satisfactory explanation of the phenomena.

5. Electric current is due to the movement of electric charges, frequently referred to as electrons. However, long before the existence of the electron was known, it was customary to speak of electric current as due to movement of positive charges from positive to negative in a metallic circuit external to the source.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2.
ВАРИАНТ 3.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.
1. The construction of the oil center began after the plan had been adopted.

2. These text-books in chemistry were printed in our print shop.

3. A chain of thermal and atomic plants was built in 1970s in our country.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. A barometer is an instrument that measures air pressure.

2. As the experiment was very interesting many people watched it.

3. One can easily forget foreign words that one does not use every day.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. Every candidate to the Institute has to take exams.

2. We did not know any student in that group.

3. He was the best football player of our school.

4. This new school building was to be ready last month.

5. Usually we have two lectures every day.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию причастия, герундия, инфинитива.
1. The teacher told the pupils to learn the poem by heart.

2. Seeing is believing.

3. The melting snow flows down from the roofs through pipes.

4. The transmitter operating on the low frequencies was constructed by these

students.

V. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
1. The conversion of sound waves into electric currents and the amplification of these currents are two basic electronic techniques required for record players, different electronic techniques.

2. There are many reasons why it is not possible to transmit radio waves of very low frequencies, but for one things ( но, во-первых ) the transmitting aerial will be impossibly large. It is therefore not possible to broadcast electromagnetic waves of audio frequencies, and for long-distance transmission it is necessary to resort to higher frequencies and therefore shorter wavelengths.

3. In general, electromagnetic waves are propagated through the Earth’s atmosphere in two ways: travel over the surface of the Earth, and waves, which leave the surface of the Earth.

4. Long waves are transmitted over ground and therefore lose a good deal of their energy in passing through ground obstacles; they consequently have only a limited range. The shorter waves escape more easily from the surface of the Earth. Very short waves pass through the ionosphere so they can be used for long-distance communication. This is why the range of TV stations is limited.

5. This problem has been overcome in recent years by the use of communication satellite. If the satellite simply reflects the radiation, it is called a passive satellite, where if it receives the signal and retransmits an amplified signal, it is called an active satellite.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2.
ВАРИАНТ 4.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.
1. The construction of the dam has been completed this month.

2. Our new laboratory will soon be provided with the most up-to-date equipment.

3. The expedition starts next month; it is being supplied with all the necessary

equipment.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на

разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. You have to make the experiment once more; do it at once.

2. It is pleasant that we live in the age of space travels.

3. In London one must get used to the left-side traffic.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. Students will have to put questions to the text.

2. He says that he has never been to Moscow.

3. There are many power stations in the eastern regions of Russia.

4. The emission or evaporation of electrons takes place at lower temperatures

than does that of atoms.

5. When are we to visit the laboratories of the Institute?
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию причастия, герундия, инфинитива.
1. The temperature of a liquid is raised by heating.

2. To keep the instruments in order we must place them into the instrument box.

3. While making the report he demonstrated his new device.

4. We examined the equipment to be introduced at this plant.

V. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.

GOLD LIGHTS
1. We receive natural light from the Sun, whose surface is heated to a temperature of 10,832 degrees Fahrenheit. But visible light may be radiated by cold as well as by hot bodies.

2. Substances that transform energy into light without becoming heat are called luminofores, and the light they radiate – luminescence. There are many substances in nature that are capable of absorbing invisible ultraviolet rays and turning them into visible light.

3. There exist two forms of luminofores. In one case the molecules themselves have the ability of transforming absorbed energy into visible light. This group includes certain components of oil and many dyes and chemical compounds. The second group is made up of crystallized substances called phosphors including very small quantities of other substances.

4. Luminofores are widely used in modern technique, in particular in the production of luminescence lamps – a common feature of our everyday life.

5. Luminescence is also used in television, a luminous screen being an important part of television picture tubes. Luminofores enable also to discover and observe such radiations as ultra red, ultraviolet, X-ray and alpha that are invisible to the eye as well as fast-moving elementary particles produced by radioactive disintegration or artificial transformation of the atomic nucleus.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2.
ВАРИАНТ 5.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.
1. The everyday life of Londoners is often seriously affected by the fog.

2. An excursion to places of historical interest has been organized at our Institute.

3. The new power station that is being built now in this town will produce

thousands of kw of energy.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. This new machine will be more effective than that of an old design.

2. It is not easy to solve this problem.

3. One seldom likes waiting for somebody.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. They have to get up at 6 o’clock as their working day begins at 8.

2. You have much time to do this exercise, and it is not difficult.

3. The workers have improved their methods of work.

4. The expedition is to start next Sunday.

5. My favourite occupation is reading.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию причастия, герундия, инфинитива.
1. Water may be changed into ice by freezing.

2. We use a thermometer to measure temperature.

3. The only way of getting knowledge is to learn.

4. To read ancient mathematical tables was very difficult.

5. Looking out of the window you could see the new building of Moscow

University.

V. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.

COMPUTERS
1. Computers are well known to represent a completely new branch of science, the first of them having appeared less than 60 years ago. Although still new, these machines are already bringing about a real revolution in science, technology, statistics and automatic control.

2. The reason for this is the fact that a mathematical formula can be found for almost all scientific and technical problems. They can be solved without a computer but it would require millions of arithmetical operations.

3. Electronic computer with a high speed can carry out several thousand arithmetical operations in one second. A calculation which would have taken several years of intense human work in the past is now done in a few minutes or hours. A number of various complicated problems have already been solved with the help of computers.

4. The principle of this wonderful machine lies in counting electric impulses. Numbers are represented as a sequence of such impulses and a radio-technical scheme counts them carrying out addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of all higher mathematical calculations being reduced to these four operations.

5. Electronic machines work according to a program prepared in advance which determines the sequence of operations. They have a very efficient electronic memory which stores the initial date, the intermediate numbers and final results as well as working commands given to the machine.

Приложение 1
Таблица неправильных глаголов

№	I^st form	II^nd form	III^d form	Lexical
№	Infinitive	Past Indefinite	Past Participle	Meaning
1	TO AWAKE	AWOKE	AWOKE	БУДИТЬ
1	TO AWAKE	AWAKED	AWAKED	БУДИТЬ
2	TO BE	WAS, WERE	BEEN	БЫТЬ, НАХОДИТЬСЯ
3	TO BECOME	BECAME	BECOME	СТАНОВИТЬСЯ
4	TO BEGIN	BEGAN	BEGUN	НАЧИНАТЬСЯ
5	TO BLOW	BLEW	BLOWN	ДУТЬ
6	TO BREAK	BROKE	BROKEN	БИТЬ, РАЗБИВАТЬ
7	TO BRING	BROUGHT	BROUGHT	ПРИНОСИТЬ
8	TO BUILD	BUILT	BUILT	СТРОИТЬ
9	TO BURN	BURNT	BURNT	ГОРЕТЬ
10	TO BURST	BURST	BURST	РАЗРЫВАТЬ(СЯ)
11	TO BUY	BOUGHT	BOUGHT	ПОКУПАТЬ
12	TO CATCH	CAUGHT	CAUGHT	ПОЙМАТЬ, ЛОВИТЬ
13	TO CHOOSE	CHOSE	CHOSEN	ВЫБИРАТЬ
14	TO COME	CAME	COME	ПРИХОДИТЬ
15	TO COST	COST	COST	СТОИТЬ
16	TO CUT	CUT	CUT	РЕЗАТЬ, СТРИЧЬ
17	TO DO	DID	DONE	ДЕЛАТЬ
18	TO DRAW	DREW	DRAWN	РИСОВАТЬ, ТАЩИТЬ
19	TO DREAM	DREAMT	DREAMT	ВИДЕТЬ СНЫ, МЕЧТАТЬ
19	TO DREAM	DREAMED	DREAMED	ВИДЕТЬ СНЫ, МЕЧТАТЬ
20	TO DRINK	DRANK	DRUNK	ПИТЬ
21	TO DRIVE	DROVE	DRIVEN	ЕХАТЬ, ВЕЗТИ, ГНАТЬ
22	TO EAT	ATE	EATEN	ЕСТЬ, КУШАТЬ
23	TO FALL	FELL	FALLEN	ПАДАТЬ
24	TO FEEL	FELT	FELT	ЧУВСТВОВАТЬ
25	TO FIND	FOUND	FOUND	НАХОДИТЬ, ОБНАРУЖИВАТЬ
26	TO FLY	FLEW	FLOWN	ЛЕТАТЬ
27	TO FORGET	FORGOT	FORGOTTEN	ЗАБЫВАТЬ
28	TO FREEZE	FROZE	FROZEN	ЗАМЕРЗАТЬ
29	TO GET	GOT	GOT	ДОСТАВАТЬ, ПОЛУЧАТЬ
30	TO GIVE	GAVE	GIVEN	ДАВАТЬ
31	TO GO	WENT	GONE	ХОДИТЬ, ИДТИ
32	TO GROW	GREW	GROWN	РАСТИ
33	TO HANG	HUNG	HUNG	ВЕШАТЬ, ВИСЕТЬ
34	TO HAVE	HAD	HAD	ИМЕТЬ
35	TO HEAR	HEARD	HEARD	СЛЫШАТЬ
36	TO HOLD	HELD	HELD	ДЕРЖАТЬ
37	TO HURT	HURT	HURT	ПОВРЕДИТЬ
38	TO KEEP	KEPT	KEPT	ДЕРЖАТЬ, ХРАНИТЬ
39	TO KNIT	KNIT	KNIT	ВЯЗАТЬ
39	TO KNIT	KNITTED	KNITTED	ВЯЗАТЬ
40	TO KNOW	KNEW	KNOWN	ЗНАТЬ
41	TO LAY	LAID	LAID	КЛАСТЬ, ПОЛОЖИТЬ
42	TO LEAD	LED	LED	ВЕСТИ, РУКОВОДИТЬ
43	TO LEAN	LEANT	LEANT	НАКЛОНЯТЬ(СЯ)
43	TO LEAN	LEANED	LEANED	НАКЛОНЯТЬ(СЯ)
44	TO LEARN	LEARNT	LEARNT	УЧИТЬ, ИЗУЧАТЬ
44	TO LEARN	LEARNED	LEARNED	УЧИТЬ, ИЗУЧАТЬ
45	TO LEAVE	LEFT	LEFT	ПОКИДАТЬ, УЕЗЖАТЬ, УХОДИТЬ
46	TO LET	LET	LET	ПОЗВОЛИТЬ, РАЗРЕШИТЬ
47	TO LIE	LAY	LAIN	ЛЕЖАТЬ
48	TO LOSE	LOST	LOST	ТЕРЯТЬ
49	TO MAKE	MADE	MADE	ДЕЛАТЬ, ЗАСТАВЛЯТЬ
50	TO MEAN	MEANT	MEANT	ИМЕТЬ В ВИДУ, ЗНАЧИТЬ
51	TO MEET	MET	MET	ВСТРЕЧАТЬ(СЯ)
52	TO PUT	PUT	PUT	ПОЛОЖИТЬ, КЛАСТЬ
53	TO READ	READ	READ	ЧИТАТЬ
54	TO RIDE	RODE	RIDDEN	ЕХАТЬ ВЕРХОМ, ЕХАТЬ В…
55	TO RING	RANG	RUNG	ЗВОНИТЬ, ЗВЕНЕТЬ
56	TO RISE	ROSE	RISEN	ПОДНИМАТЬСЯ
57	TO RUN	RAN	RUN	БЕГАТЬ
58	TO SAY	SAID	SAID	СКАЗАТЬ, ГОВОРИТЬ
59	TO SEE	SAW	SEEN	ВИДЕТЬ, СМОТРЕТЬ
60	TO SELL	SOLD	SOLD	ПРОДАВАТЬ
61	TO SEND	SENT	SENT	ПОСЫЛАТЬ
62	TO SET	SET	SET	СТАВИТЬ, САДИТЬСЯ, ЗАХОДИТЬ
63	TO SEW	SEWED	SEWED	ШИТЬ
63	TO SEW	SEWED	SEWN	ШИТЬ
64	TO SHAKE	SHOOK	SHAKEN	ТРЯСТИ (СЬ)
65	TO SHAVE	SHAVED	SHAVED	БРИТЬ (СЯ).
65	TO SHAVE	SHAVED	SHAVEN	БРИТЬ (СЯ).
66	TO SHINE	SHONE	SHONE	СВЕТИТЬ (СЯ)
67	TO SHOOT	SHOT	SHOT	СТРЕЛЯТЬ
68	TO SHOW	SHOWED	SHOWED	ПОКАЗЫВАТЬ
68	TO SHOW	SHOWED	SHOWN	ПОКАЗЫВАТЬ
69	TO SHUT	SHUT	SHUT	ЗАКРЫВАТЬ
70	TO SING	SANG	SUNG	ПЕТЬ
71	TO SIT	SAT	SAT	СИДЕТЬ
72	TO SLEEP	SLEPT	SLEPT	СПАТЬ
72	TO SPEAK	SPOKE	SPOKEN	ГОВОРИТЬ, ВЫСТУПАТЬ
74	TO SPELL	SPELT	SPELT	ГОВОРИТЬ БУКВАМ
74	TO SPELL	SPELLED	SPELLED	ГОВОРИТЬ БУКВАМ
75	TO SPEND	SPENT	SPENT	ТРАТИТЬ, ПРОВОДИТЬ
76	TO SPREAD	SPREAD	SPREAD	ПРОСТИРАТЬСЯ, РАСКИНУТЬ (СЯ)
77	TO STAND	STOOD	STOOD	СТОЯТЬ
78	TO STEAL	STOLE	STOLEN	КРАСТЬ
79	TO STRIKE	STRUCK	STRUCK	БИТЬ, УДАРЯТЬ
80	TO SWEEP	SWEPT	SWEPT	ПОДМЕТАТЬ
80	TO SWIM	SWAM	SWUM	ПЛАВАТЬ
82	TO TAKE	TOOK	TAKEN	БРАТЬ, ВЗЯТЬ
83	TO TEACH	TAUGHT	TAUGHT	УЧИТЬ, ОБУЧАТЬ
84	TO TEAR	TORE	TORN	РВАТЬ
85	TO TELL	TOLD	TOLD	ГОВОРИТЬ, РАССКАЗЫВАТЬ
86	TO THINK	THOUGHT.	THOUGHT	ДУМАТЬ, ПОЛАГАТЬ
87	TO THROW	THREW	THROWN	БРОСАТЬ
88	TO UNDERSTAND	UNDERSTOOD	UNDERSTOOD	ПОНИМАТЬ
89	TO WAKE	WOKE	WOKEN	БУДИТЬ ПРОСЫПАТЬСЯ
89	TO WAKE	WAKED	WAKED	БУДИТЬ ПРОСЫПАТЬСЯ
90	TO WEAR	WORE	WORN	НОСИТЬ
91	TO WIN	WON	WON	ПОБЕЖДАТЬ, ВЫИГРЫВАТЬ
92	TO WIND	WOUND	WOUND	ЗАВОДИТЬ (ЧАСЫ)
93	TO WRITE	WROTE	WRITTEN	ПИСАТЬ

Приложение 2

Таблица времен английского глагола .

1 2 3 4 5

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