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MOSCOW, April 28 (RIA Novosti) -A high-ranking Russian Security Council official will hold talks with senior Iranian officials in Tehran on Monday. The Russian delegation headed by acting Security Council secretary Valentin Sobolev is also due to meet with the Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council, Saeed Jalili, as a follow up to the secretary's visit to Moscow in December 2007. The officials will discuss "bilateral cooperation in security, as well as topical international and regional issues," Iran's Security Council said in an official statement. The sides are also expected to discuss the Iranian nuclear program, as well as the situation in the Middle East, a source close the negotiations told RIA Novosti. A delegation from the International Atomic Energy Agency, led by its deputy director general, Olli Heinonen, will also arrive in Tehran on Monday to continue talks on the Islamic Republic's nuclear program started last week. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said Iran was prepared to try and reach an agreement with any country over its nuclear program, but will not stop its development of peaceful atomic energy despite outside pressure. The international community has demanded that Tehran halt uranium enrichment, used both in electricity generation and nuclear weapons production. Iran insists on its right to civilian nuclear energy, and has defied three sets of United Nations sanctions over its nuclear program. Iran, however, announced this month it was installing another 6,000 uranium enrichment centrifuges at its underground facility in Natanz in addition to the current 3,000. The country also announced tests of advanced enrichment centrifuges, along with plans to build a second uranium processing plant by next March. The country's nuclear ambitions have fueled tensions with Washington, with U.S. President George Bush refusing late last year to rule out military action against Tehran. Russia and China, which both have strong business interests in Iran, blocked stronger measures against the country using their vetoes at the UN Security Council. 28/04/2008, International Herald Tribune
Who is the Russian delegation headed by?
Putin, Still Potent, Comes to Paris Vladimir Putin may no longer be President of Russia, but you wouldn't know that by the head-of-state treatment he's receiving in France. On Thursday, Putin began a two-day trip to Paris — his first major foreign excursion since swapping his presidency for the job of Prime Minister — where he'll meet with both his French counterpart, F. Fillon, and President N. Sarkozy. The unusually reverential treatment for a visiting head of government reflects the belief among France's leaders, like most others in the West, that Putin remains the eminent political force in Russia regardless of his title. But the visit also reflects Putin's belief that the road to repairing Russia's strained relations with the European Union runs through Paris. Russian officials quoted in the media acknowledge that the timing and focus of Putin's visit indicate that Moscow sees a diplomatic opportunity in the fact that France will assume the E.U.'s rotating presidency on July 1. Efforts to renew expired strategic accords that shaped Russo-European relations have floundered for nearly two years amid tensions over military and energy concerns, and European complaints of alleged human rights violations and election-tampering in Russia. Recently, however, both sides have signaled a greater willingness to normalize ties — especially since new E.U. members Poland and Lithuania expressed satisfaction with Russian responses to their objections on a now-lifted beef ban, and over Moscow's use of its oil pipeline to the West as a de facto political weapon. Indeed, just last Monday, all 27 E.U. states agreed to resume formal talks to reestablish the defunct accords that cover a wide range of security, economic, energy and administrative issues. "This topic will be primordial during the meetings with Prime Minister F. Fillon and President N. Sarkozy," a Russian government source told the RIA Novosti press agency. "Since we've always considered dialogue with France as an important factor in the rapprochement between Russia and the E.U., our cooperation will be accorded a choice spot during the French presidency." The friendship between Sarkozy and Putin reflects a common view on some major strategic questions: France shares Russia's concern over NATO opening formal membership talks with former Soviet republics Georgia and the Ukraine. Paris also echoes some of Moscow's suspicion over U.S. plans to deploy its missile-defense system in Eastern Europe. Such sympathy for Russian positions should leave Moscow feeling more comfortable with France assuming the E.U. presidency just as negotiations over new Russo-European accords kick off June 26. French voters may not share Sarkozy's enthusiasm for Putin, but few will object if it results in improved Russo-E.U. ties. And improved ties between Moscow and Paris are good for French business. Talks between Putin and French officials will cover contracts for French military, aerospace, energy and technology companies — including plans for oil giant Total's involvement in developing Russia's giant Shtokman gas field. Though France is only Russia's sixth-largest trading partner, improved bilateral relations have recently helped triple the value of their annual exchange to $25.7 billion. And in an economically sluggish France, there will be few voices willing to shout nyet to that. 29/05 /2008, Time
UNIT II COOPERATION AND AGREEMENT
versatile (multiform, multisided) cooperation – многостороннее сотрудничество fruitful cooperation – плодотворное сотрудничество comprehensive cooperation – всеобъемлющее сотрудничество cooperation in research work – сотрудничество в научно-исследовательской области to cooperate in the field (sphere, branch, area) of economy – сотрудничать в области экономики to intensify cooperation – усилить сотрудничество
a preliminary agreement – предварительное соглашение an initial agreement - первоначальное соглашение a final agreement – окончательное соглашение a long-term agreement – долгосрочное соглашение a short-term agreement - краткосрочное соглашение a unilateral agreement – одностороннее соглашение a bilateral agreement – двустороннее соглашение an intergovernmental agreement – межправительственно соглашение a framework agreement – рамочное соглашение a landmark agreement – «эпохальное» соглашение to seek an agreement – искать согласие to reach (to come to) an agreement – прийти к соглашению to sign an agreement – подписать соглашение to conclude (strike) an agreement – заключить договор to ratify an agreement – ратифицировать соглашение to implement an agreement – выполнять соглашение to cancel an agreement – аннулировать соглашение to carry out provisions of an agreement – выполнять положения договора under an agreement – по соглашению, согласно договоренности
to extend ties (links) – расширять связи an extension (spread) – расширение extension of all-round cooperation – расширение всестороннего сотрудничества extensive – широкий
interstate links – межгосударственные связи longstanding links – продолжительные отношения to maintain vast links – поддерживать обширные связи to revitalize (to revive, to renew, to refresh) ties – оживлять связи to intensify links – усиливать связи to cement ties – устанавливать прочную связь
a boost – быстрый рост, повышение to give a boost to (to give an impetus) – давать толчок, послужить стимулом, ускорять
to seek advantage (over) – искать выгоду to take advantage of – использовать что-либо в своих интересах to one’s best advantage – наилучшим, самым выгодным образом advantageous (beneficial) – выгодный mutually advantageous terms – взаимовыгодные условия
common benefit – общая выгода to yield considerable benefit – приносить огромную пользу to benefit from – извлекать пользу из чего-либо
a political move – политическая инициатива (ход, маневр) to make a move – предпринять что-либо, начать действовать
to promote cooperation – развивать сотрудничество to promote the relaxation of international tension – способствовать ослаблению международной напряженности
to forge a special relationship – устанавливать особые отношения
China and Taiwan's Plane Diplomacy For Taiwanese businesspeople living in China, trips home can be a full-day slog. Despite the proximity of the island to the mainland, sensitive Taiwan/China relations means there are virtually no direct flights. Travelers are forced to transit an intermediate airport, usually the one in Hong Kong, adding hours to what ought to be a relatively quick trip. But since March, when Taiwanese elected Ma Ying-jeou as President, China and Taiwan relations have been improving. Case in point: on June 13, a landmark agreement was reached in Beijing that clears the way for direct chartered flights to the island and back every weekend — and businessmen keen on developing ties to the mainland are breathing easier. "The direct flights would save us a whole work day when we travel," says Samuel Chiu, a Taiwan-based business development manager at electronic instrumentation manufacturer Agilent Technologies. "That's the biggest cost benefit. Traveling to Shanghai will only take two hours now." The agreement is significant to more than the convenience of the estimated 5 million Taiwanese who traveled to China last year, or to the 1 million who now live and work on the mainland. It is expected to aid Taiwan's economy and ease tensions across the combustible Taiwan Strait, the 112 mile (180km) wide body of water separating mainland China and Taiwan. The direct-flight deal was reached by two semi-official bodies representing Beijing and Taipei in their touchy diplomatic contacts: Taiwan's Straits Exchange Foundation and China's Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits. The two sides hadn't met since 1999, when Taiwan's then-President Lee Teng-huis offended China by referring to their relations as "state-to-state." China considers Taiwan to be a breakaway territory and bristles at any reference to it as a sovereign government. "The resumption of talks is always encouraging," says Andrew Yang, head of the Taipei-based Chinese Council of Advanced Policy Studies. "Now a brief encounter between the two sides unveils a new historical chapter for cross-strait relations." Ma, who was elected by 58% of voters in March, made improved ties with the mainland a key platform of his campaign. The direct flights agreement represents the first major step his administration has taken to meeting that pledge. The agreement is expected to give a modest boost to Taiwan's economy. More cross-strait tourism will boost annual GDP growth by 6% to 8%, according to a report on tourism in Taiwan by Goldman Sachs. Benefits could extend beyond the economy. China has threatened to invade Taiwan if it declares formal independence and has installed hundreds of missiles along its southern coast near Taiwan. The U.S. military, which could be drawn in to defend Taiwan in the event of a conflict, considers the Taiwan Strait to be one of the most dangerous flashpoints in Asia. Easing tensions will require more than a deal on tourism, Yang says, but he notes that Friday's agreement could help reduce provocative military maneuvers. "Both China and Taiwan conduct training exercises in the Taiwan Strait. To avoid miscalculation, to avoid accidents, those exercises have to be constrained," he says. "Whether Beijing or Taiwan have a willingness to eliminate exercises and training, that remains to be seen. But that would be conducive to assurance of safety corridors for normal charter flights." When the skies between the two sides are crowded with passenger aircraft, it's that much harder to fill them with missiles and fighter jets. 13/06 /2008, Time
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