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EU and Russia agree to new series of wide-ranging talksBRUSSELS: Ending an 18-month impasse, European Union countries agreed Wednesday to begin wide-ranging new negotiations with Russia, raising hopes that an era of tension and confrontation with Moscow could give way to an improved relationship. The agreement among senior European diplomats paves the way for the EU and Moscow to start negotiating their first broad cooperation deal in more than a decade. "The new agreement we want to strike with Russia will shape Russian-EU relations for the 21st century," said Cristina Gallach, spokeswoman for the Javier Solana, the EU foreign policy chief. "It will replace what we currently have in place, which was the first agreement between the EU and Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union." Coming at the start of the presidency of Dmitri Medvedev in Russia, the negotiation will be a test of whether or not the relationship between Europe and Moscow can improve after years of combative rhetoric from his predecessor, Vladimir Putin, who remains a powerful force as prime minister. But negotiating the so-called Partnership and Cooperation Agreement will also put pressure on the unity of the EU, which has often failed to speak with a single voice to Moscow. So sensitive are relations with Russia that the Europeans haggled for 18 months before coming to this agreement, which sets out the mandate with which the European Commission will conduct the talks with Moscow. This step was delayed first by Poland, then by Lithuania, which cited concerns over energy security, the disappearance of Lithuanian businessmen in Russia and unresolved conflicts involving Georgia and Moldova. Vilnius finally agreed to an EU mandate for the negotiations when an annex committed the European side to raise the three issues. The pact negotiated by EU ambassadors opens the way for EU foreign ministers to approve the mandate formally at a meeting Monday and for negotiations to begin at the EU-Russia summit meeting in the western Siberian region of Khanty-Mansiisk at the end of June. A total of seven annexes to the main text were agreed to, including one that binds the EU side to discussing the case of Alexandr Litvinenko, the former KGB agent who was killed in London. "The important thing is that we have the agreement of all members to adopt the mandate while problematic questions will still be a matter" of the partnership talks," The Foreign Minister of Slovenia said at a news conference in Ljubljana, Reuters reported. The talks are expected to last at least a year and any agreement will have to be ratified by all 27 EU member states, making it unlikely to enter into force until 2011. Energy concerns will dominate the negotiation and the mandate requires the EU side to call for an agreement that would "enshrine the principles that would result from the ratification of the energy charter by Russia." That would mean forcing Russian energy monopolies to allow Western companies to use their pipeline network to transit supplies through Russia, an idea vehemently rejected by Moscow. Nevertheless there was optimism that some form of agreement could be reached in part because of growing economic interdependence. According to Eurostat, the statistics office of the European Commission, Russia is the EU's third most important trading partner, after the United States and China, accounting for 6.2 percent of EU exports and 10.4 percent of EU imports in 2006. Thomas Gomart, director of the Russia Center at the French Institute of International Relations, said that the timing was favorable because of the advent of a new president in Russia. But he added that the negotiation would be more difficult for the EU side than during the past agreement of this type in the 1990s, when Russia was economically and politically weak. "In Russia. now there is political assertiveness and a real strategy toward the EU, while there is no real EU strategy toward Russia," he said. Masha Lipman, political analyst at the Carnegie Moscow Center, said that, while Putin's tough rhetoric against the EU had been popular politically in Russia, it had not furthered Russian economic interests in Europe. "Being a difficult partner may serve to get over past humiliation but it doesn't do anything to further its interests," she said. "Both sides have interests and both sides have potential benefits." Areas singled out for co-operation included science and technology education and training, the customs area, crime, transport, energy and telecommunications, environment and culture. Since the agreement entered into force in late 1997, Russia's economic ties have grown significantly, as has its political and diplomatic weight. And in the meantime, the EU has expanded to include countries that were once part of the Warsaw Pact and which remain suspicious of Moscow. 21/05/2008, International Herald Tribune
UNIT III CONFLICTS
a tough stance – жесткая позиция an aggressive stance – агрессивная позиция to stiffen one’s stance – ужесточить позицию
stalled negotiations – зашедшие в тупик переговоры
severance of diplomatic relations – разрыв дипломатических отношений
to settle (resolve) a dispute peacefully (through negotiations) – разрешить спорный вопрос мирным путем (путем переговоров)
to apply restrictions in (trade) – применять, использовать ограничения (в торговле) to violate embargo – нарушать эмбарго to extend sanctions – продлить, распространить санкции the extension of existing sanctions – продление существующих санкций to back sanctions – поддерживать санкции to drop (remove, lift, abandon ) sanctions – отменить (снять) ограничения to impose sanctions – наложить (ввести) санкции
to remove a hurdle – устранить препятствие
to break the deadlock – преодолеть тупик
to concede – уступать
to iron out differences – устранять противоречия to smooth differences – сглаживать противоречия to resolve (tackle) differences – разрешить разногласия to overcome differences – преодолевать разногласия
a breakdown – провал to fail – не удаваться, терпеть неудачу
a thaw in relations – оттепель в отношениях
Share this on: Mixx Digg Facebook del.icio.us reddit StumbleUpon MySpace Venezuela, Colombia hold talks to repair ties PARAGUANA, Venezuela (AP) - Venezuela's Hugo Chavez and Colombia's Alvaro Uribe took a stab at mending relations Friday after months of sniping that threatened billions of dollars in trade and unleashed a diplomatic crisis between Latin America's top U.S. opponent and closest U.S. ally. Chavez, who just months ago called reconciliation impossible, said the talks were aimed at a "relaunch of cooperation, peace and integration of Latin America." "We have a need to take up the path again and reactivate relations. Now that depends on many things," Chavez said, welcoming Uribe warmly before they began closed-door talks at the Paraguana oil refining complex on the Caribbean coast. It was their first one-on-one meeting since August. Analysts said the two are setting aside their on-and-off feud because each benefits politically from normalized relations. The countries are key commercial partners, with $6 billion in trade last year, and the leaders were expected to sign accords to link the Andean neighbors with two new railways. Chavez also has reiterated his willingness to help negotiate the release of hundreds of hostages still being held by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, rebels. For both presidents, "the interest right now is to lower the level of confrontation and strengthen relations in common areas, especially the economy," said analyst Sadio Garavini, a former Venezuelan diplomat. Relations sank to their lowest point in decades in March after Colombia attacked a rebel camp in Ecuador. Chavez responded by briefly dispatching troops to Venezuela's border with Colombia, pulling his ambassador and threatening to cut back trade. He later restored relations, something Ecuador's leftist government hasn't done. During a feud over Chavez's mediation role with Colombian rebels, the Venezuelan president called Uribe a "pawn of the U.S. empire" and likened him to a mafia boss. "A man like that doesn't deserve to be the president of a country - coward, liar!" Chavez said. Colombia, meanwhile, accused Chavez of offering an open-ended loan of at least $250 million to the FARC - charges bolstered by documents that Uribe's government said were retrieved from a laptop at the bombed guerrilla camp. Bogota officials also said Venezuela has long harbored several rebel leaders. Chavez denied the accusation, and Colombia's ambassador to Caracas, Fernando Marin, said the laptop documents are not on Friday's agenda. In Colombia on Friday, the FARC issued a statement condemning what it called the "betrayal" of two guerrillas who had been responsible for the 15 hostages freed by Colombian soldiers in a bold rescue mission this month. The FARC said it remained open to trading other hostages for imprisoned guerrillas. Chavez made reconciliation easier for Uribe when he called on the FARC last month to disarm and give up its hostages - after previously urging world leaders to consider the group a legitimate army of insurgents. Through Chavez's mediation, the guerrillas freed six hostages earlier this year. But the FARC said subsequently that it was finished with unilateral releases. Then Colombia's military rescued the 15 rebel-held hostages last week - reducing Chavez's profile while pushing Uribe's already immense popularity to new highs. "Uribe is strengthened internationally," while "Chavez has realized he was riding the losing horse" and has expediently adjusted his stance toward Colombia, said Rafael Nieto, a Colombian analyst and former deputy justice minister. Chavez is looking to shore up his political support ahead of state and local elections in November, and maintaining a conflict with Colombia could be unpopular among Venezuelans. Uribe has his own political imperative for smoothing over tensions: trade. For both presidents, "the interest right now is to lower the level of confrontation and strengthen relations in common areas, especially the economy," said analyst Sadio Garavini, a former Venezuelan diplomat. 11/07/2008, CNN
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