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| Part 1 deals with theoretical considerations. Part 2 presents analyses of data, both from a theoretical and from an applied point of view. Topics include P, Q, R. Part 3 centers around analyses of data and covers contemporary theories. It is argued that traditional theory has focused on/ has lacked a methodological framework for studying P/ neglects key aspects of the phenomena/ does not directly address the problems of P, since it assumes that Q. The results of this study suggest that P (is sensitive to Q). The coherence and descriptive potential of the new approach are exemplified by application to a broad variety of phenomena. A final chapter offers clear and practical guide-lines on methods of data collection. 4.2. Collection of articles, Resume: Models and patterns (cf. 17; 18.1; 18.3): This collection of invited papers/ collection of original articles/ important new book/ functionally oriented description/ extended discussion/ unique and effective picture of the current state-of-the-art draws on a broad range of international experience in P/ constitutes an important new addition to the field/ captures some of the newest developments in the field/ develops and illustrates an innovative theory called «P», and applies it to representative phenomena/ may be considered part of a new paradigm/ will provide a valuable reference work and resource for future researchers/ presents a foundation for the study of R. The introductory sketch provides a general outline of the problem. The point of departure is that P. The central part of the work provides information for Q. The novel statistical methods employed by the authors lead to the identification of Q, which sheds fresh light on the relationship between P and Q. Procedures for P are based on a concept new to the field, Q. Although written from a predominantly linguistic perspective, the book is informed by insights from sociology and anthropology. These approaches are examined and synthesized to produce a comprehensive methodology that can be used for an integrated analysis of P and Q. As an example, Q is analyzed. Theoretical debate is accompanied by discussion of real life implications. The book includes a full bibliography and suggestions for further reading and is supplemented with more than 1.300 full-color photographs. Contributors are FF. 4.3. Resume; Abridged examples: • ((Perspectives in interactive video»: The book brings together educators from Europe and the USA with wide experience of interactive video for education and training, describing their experiences and potential for this medium. It reflects the current knowledge, both theoretical and practical, relevant to the production of good video material. • «UNIX: A practical introduction for users»: This book is written for the naive computer user faced with a Unix system, covering the general structure of Unix commands, the file system, and detailing the use of many system commands. The employment of the system text editor, the text processing system, and other valuable utilities, are explained in detail; emphasis rests on the need of the user to exploit the powerful tools offered by the Unix system with both speed and accuracy. • «New information technology»: This unique and effective picture of the current state-of-the-art draws on a broad range of international experience in computer and modern language teaching. It effectively covers the gap left by scattered papers in journals on individual programs, and theoretical introductory texts. Reflecting the increasing educational uses of computers, and ways in which modern language teaching has utilized such technology, the book is concerned with the advanced or mature student learning a new language; - «extremely comprehensive and deals with a very complex subject in an orderly manner... useful to all those engaged in advancing modern technology in the microelectronic, computer and communication fields.» 5. Annotations, Titles: Selected examples 5.1. Annotations, selected examples from "Scientific American", 1995, v. 270-273, NN. 1-6. ' • Carver, Wayne; Moss, Frank. ((Detecting signals with noise»: Garver and Moss describe two experiments demonstrating the utility of noise in bringing out an electronic signal and the possible extraction of data from background noise. The construction of the experiments and the likely results are discussed. Davies-Jones, Robert. «Tornadoes»: Although much has been discovered about the behavior and origins of tornadoes, many mysteries still remain about how these violent storms form. Davies-Jones explores the many different forms of tornadoes and the devastation that they can create. • Jamison, Kay Redfield. ((Manic-depressive illness and creativity»: Recent studies have shown a link between creativity and mood disorders such as manic-depressive illness and major depression. The connection is examined, and the cases of Lord Tennyson, Vincent van Gogh and Robert Schumann are highlighted. Schattschneider, Doris. «Escher's metaphors»: Although M.C.Escher claimed to know little about mathematics, his drawings reveal a keen instinctive grasp of infinity, symmetry and other mathematical principles. His work is examined. McCloskey, Donald. «An economic uncertainty principle)): Economists claim to know the next month's interest rates, yet they are not rich. Their claim is also a claim that others in the market do not know the future of the interest rates. The economic uncertainty principle is examined. • Newman, Jack. «How breast milk protects newborns»: Some of the molecules and cells in human milk actively help infants stave off infection. The way in which breast milk helps protect newborns from disease is detailed. Nemecek, Sasha. ((Transforming Hyde into Jekyll»: Recent research in tissue engineering indicates that patients could eventually receive heart valves grown from their own cells. The advantages of engineered valves are detailed. Nowak, Martin A; McMichael, Andrew J. ((How HIV defeats the immune system»: Nowak and McMichael propose that HIV replicates prodigiously, enough to cause the severe immune impairment that defines full-blown AIDS. The process by which HIV escapes the control of the immune system, signaling the onset of AIDS, is described. lovine, John. ((Genetically altering Escherichia coli»: An experiment in which three types of recombinant plasmids are constructed and then injected into Escherichia coli is described. In this experiment, resistance for ampicillin, for kanamycin and for both ampicillin and kanamycin to the bacterium is studied. Ross, Marc; DeCicco, John. ((Measuring the energy drain on your car»: A method for measuring the friction that hurts a car's efficiency is explained. Rolling resistance and engine drag can be found by pulling a car with a rope attached to a spring scale. • Dragovan, Mark. ((Making a mirror by spinning a liquid»: Instructions of how to build a telescope mirror by spinning a liquid are offered. Hiller, Robert A. et al. ((Producing light from a bubble of air»: Instructions for turning sound into light through a process called sonoluminescence are offered. Light can be produced from a bubble of air using an oscillqscope, a sound generator, a home stereo amplifier and about $100 worth of equipment. • Stewart, Ian. «The never-ending chess game»: A hypothetical chess game that goes on forever without checkmate and without repeating the same sequence of moves three times in a row is presented. Marshall, Larry G. «The terror birds of South America»: The terror birds of South America were the most spectacular and formidable group of flightless, flesh-eating birds that ever lived. About 65 million years ago they were perched atop the food chain, until mammalian predators drove them to extinction. The story of their rise and decline is presented. • LeDoux, Joseph E. «Emotion, memory and the brain»: Researchers have begun to understand the brain's role in producing emotion, and one rewarding area of study lies in the relation between memory and emotion. The neural routes underlying the formation of memories about emotional experiences have been traced. • Minsk)', Marvin. «Will robots inherit the earth?»: The question of whether the machines that humans have invented to extend the power of the human mind could outlive them to inherit the earth is addressed. Presuming that humankind decides to amplify its intellectual powers and replace failing parts of its mental machinery with computer circuitry, then nanotechnology would make such a prostheses possible. Logsdon, John M. «Was the race to the moon real?»: The question of whether the US and the USSR were ever truly in a race to be the first to put a man on the man is addressed. The Soviet government long denied participating in such a race, but declassified information about the Soviet space program has told a different story. • Bartecchi, Carl E. et al. «The global tobacco epidemic»: The global increase in cigarette consumption is analyzed. Researchers in preventive medicine and public health say education programs need to be supplemented and new strategies formed that aim to regulate cigarette marketing and raise taxes on tobacco. lovine, John. «Building an electronic neuron»: The construction of a hard-wired neural network is described. Using a motor, the circuit follows the motion of a light source. Horgan, John. «Global politics»: A controversy over a famous math problem called Kepler's conjecture is detailed. Kepler believed that the face-centered cubic lattice is the most compact arrangement of spheres. Brown, Stuart; Gruner, George. «Charge and spin density waves»: The behavior of charge-density waves and spin-density waves is examined. In some circumstances, these density waves show characteristics of self-organization. Carlson, Shawn. ((Measuring the wind with hot metal»: Instructions for making an economical anemometer are presented. Calibrating the anemometer requires mounting two small metal balls on one end of a meter stick rotated by a ceiling-fan motor. Wallich, Paul. «Watch your electronic mouth»: Some legal questions concerning free speech and the use of cyberspace are raised. Some bulletin-board operators are purging their files of certain material, and some Internet access systems have dropped discussion groups that might get them in trouble. Kantor, Fred S. ((Disarming Lyme disease»: Twenty years of study of Lyme disease, which was first recognized in the 1970s, are reviewed. A vaccine has recently been developed, and now researchers are focusing on how to help people suffering from chronic symptoms. Leutwyler, Kristin. ((Optical tomography»: Researchers are seeking to create optical imaging devices that rely on the way living tissue absorbs, deflects or scatters light. This novel technology, optical tomography, is discussed. Psaltis, Demetri. ((Holographic memories»: After 30 years of research, scientists are on the verge of using holograms to store data in memories that are both fast and vast. Advances in optoelectronics that have made holographic computer memory possible are discussed. Rogers, Craig A. ((Intelligent materials)): Researchers are creating intelligent materials that can anticipate failure, repair themselves, and adapt to the environment. The future of advanced composite materials and custom manufacturing are discussed. Tomalia, Donald A. ((Dendrimer molecules»: The creation of dendrimer molecules is discussed. The similarities between dendrimers and atoms and the parallels between dendritic and biological development may have practical implications. Beardsley, Tim. ((Life's a draw»: Scientists Michael Travisano and Richard E. Lenski's experiment using Escherichia coli to simulate evolution is discussed. The conclusions of the study reveal that fate and natural selection seem to be evenly matched. Piel, Gerard. «AIDS and population "control"»: The proposition that AIDS has arrived in time to stop the population explosion is discussed. Even the projected AIDS deaths would not be nearly enough to stop the population growth. • Morgan, John. «Gruff guru of condensed-matter physics»: Condensed-matter physicist Philip W. Anderson is profiled. Anderson was an early champion of antireductionism. Guterl, Fred. «Keyhole view of a genius»: Physicist Albert Einstein is profiled. A series of books about the man delves into his complicated and passionate private life. • Mukerjee, Madhusree. «About face»: A quick means of reproducing the unique contours of a person's face from a snapshot into a 3D face has been developed. This discovery by computer scientists may revolutionize the treatment of burn victims. Schneider, David. ((Putting greens»: Work on electric cars has shifted into high gear, but limited battery capacity remains a stumbling block. Fuel cells, electrical generators that combine hydrogen with oxygen to produce electricity, may be the answer. Yam, Philip. {(Reflections in a quantum well»: Physicists have tried for many years to marry superconductors with semiconductors, hoping to have resistanceless electronic circuits as offspring. Results from a study by H.Kroemer, Ch.Nguyen and E.L.Hu have demonstrated that an unexpected mechanism mediates superconductivity across a thin piece of semiconductor. The mechanism is called multiple Andreev reflections. 5.2. Titles, selected examples from "Scientific American", 1995. • Quest for the limits of the heliosphere. The search for extraterrestrial life. The search for strange matter. Outline for an ecological economy. A brief history of infinity. The history of synthetic testosterone. The emergence of intelligence. The origin of life on the earth. The evolution of the universe. The genetics of flower development. The machinery of cell crawling. The dynamics of social dilemmas. The scientific legacy of Apollo. The quantum physics of time travel. The discovery of X-rays. The sensory basis of the honeybee's dance language. The genetic basis of cancer. The molecular architects of body design. The pursuit of the living machine. The benefits of background noise. The threat of buried thrust faults. The mystery of SIDS. The puzzle of declining amphibian populations. The riddle of (URE3). The waterfall illusion. • The duality in matter and light. Endangered support of basic science. The science of juggling. The ethnobotanical approach to drug discovery. Bohm 's alternative to quantum mechanics. The Earth's mantle below the oceans. Fossils of the flaming cliffs. Barriers to drug delivery in solid tumors. Environmental degradation in ancient Greece. Evidence for a biological influence in male homosexuality. The biological evidence challenged. Light in the ocean's midwaters. Ways to tile space with knots. Further predictions on medical progress. • The new genetic medicines. The self-reproducing inflationary universe. The anthropomorphic principle. The brain's immune system. The world's imperiled fish. The silicon microstrip detector. The confusing price index. The astronomical naming game. The no-name virus. A subway named Turing. The Gulliver effect. Wireless networks. All-optical networks. Intelligent software. Digital literacy. Computerized restoration of juvenile art. Liquid crystals on display. Laser control of chemical reactions. Protein-based computers. Elastic biomolecular machines. Synthetic self-replicating molecules. High-speed silicon-germanium electronics. Technology for sustainable agriculture. Technology infrastructure. Computation outstrips analysis. Extreme ultraviolet astronomy. Robotics in the 21st century. The industrial, ecology of the 21st century. Tribal struggle. Sewage treatment plants. Solar secrets. Halo nuclei. Gene therapy. Targeted gene replacement. Big-time biology. Chaotic climate. Ceramic superwire. Holographic memories. • Understanding the genetic construction of behavior. Calculating with DNA. Resolving Zeno's paradoxes. Complexifying Freud. Engineering microscopic machines. Treating diabetes with transplanted cells. Deciphering a Roman blueprint. Deciphering the breast cancer gene. Building world-record magnets. Engineering the future. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Improving automotive efficiency. Making environmental treaties work. Making drugs count. Sustaining life on the earth. Building an electronic neuron. Disarming Lyme disease. Grading the gene tests. Revisiting old battlefields. Visualizing the mind. Seeing the forest for the trees. Clearing the air. Protecting the greenback. • Technology and physical science. Symmetry and perception. Population, poverty and the local environment. The known, the unknown and the unknowable. AIDS and the use of injected drugs. Descartes' error and the future of human life. The birth and death of nova V1974 Cygni. Sulfate aerosol and climatic change. The analytical economist: Some women are more equal than others. Technology and business: Luddites on the hill. Wonders: On neutrino astronomy. Connections: The silk road. The automobile: Clean and customized. Softwire: A Brief History of Time. CD-ROM review: Exploring Ancient Cities. Sonoluminescence: Sound into light. Venus: The Geological Story. Neuropsychiatry - Molecules and Mental Illness. • Quantum computing creeps closer to reality. Fermat's theorem fights back. Top price for the top quark. Machines that learn from hints. The struggle within. The chaos within. Beyond Neptune. Anti-omniscience. Down and out in the Gulf of Mexico. The ultimate in anti-particles. Persistently toxic. Patently obvious. Darwin denied. Gay genes, revisited. Toxins abounding. Words at play on the Internet. • How HIV defeats the immune system. How Interferons fight disease. How cells process antigens. What technology alone cannot do. Why children talk to themselves. Can science explain consciousness? Can the growing human population feed itself? Did Bohr share nuclear secrets? Was the race to the moon real? Is a bright idea flickering? Is bigger still better? Missing matter found? An improved future? Profile: Nicholas Negroponte — The guru of cyberspace. Profile: Mary Leakey - Unearthing history. Profile: Martin Gardner - The mathematical gamester. Charles Darwin: The last portrait. •From complexity to perplexity. Bettering batteries. Nurturing nature. Relinquishing relics. More bits from pits. Chaotic chaos. East side story: The origin of humankind. Low-energy ways to observe high-energy phenomena. |
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