Российский государственный торгово-экономический университет краснодарский филиал
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My mind sped away for a moment, after the fashion of all minds in bed, and showed me visions of big money – furs - a new car – but I brought it back to earth with an effort to wonder for what sort of a job I could possibly qualify. I reviewed the possibilities. I turned to cooking. That was the thing, which interested me most and about which I thought I knew quite a lot. I had had a few lessons from my “Madame” in Paris, but my real interest was aroused by lessons I had at a wonderful school of French cookery in London.When I told my family that I was thinking of taking a cooking job, the roars of laughter were rather discouraging. No one believed that I could cook at all, as I had never had a chance to practice at home.I had no idea of exactly what job I should apply for, so I decided to go to an agency. Finding the place quite easily, I tore up three flights of stairs, and swung breathlessly through a door, which said, “Enter without knocking, if you please” (From “One Pair of Hands” by M. Dickens). Card 6Holidays and How to Spend ThemThe whole point of a holiday is that it should be a change. Most people like a change of scene; if they live up-country, they like to go to a big town and spend their time looking at shops and visiting cinemas and museums and art galleries, and having gay evenings at hotels and dances; if they are city-dwellers, they like a quiet holiday in the hills or by the sea, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun. But such changes of scene are usually expensive, and many people, from lack of money, are obliged to spend their holidays in the same surrounding as their working days. What can these do to make their period of rest a real holiday? The best thing is to choose some form of occupation entirely different from their daily avocation. The whole virtue of holiday, which brings a change of scene or occupation, is that it is only temporary. Sooner or later it comes to an end, and the holiday -maker goes back to his normal life. If he has used his holiday well, he ought not to feel a very deep regret that it is over, however much he has enjoyed it, for it ought to have refreshed him and filled him with vigour for the true of his life to which he is now returning (From “Fifty Model Essays” by J. Miller). Card 7Women do run businesses differentlyWhy women start businesses. Researchers see a tendency in women entrepreneurs to have a combination of economic and social purposes – they want to make money but also have a positive impact”, says Candida Brush, director of research at the Entrepreneurial Management Institute of Boston University. “ In men, the goals tend to be to fulfill a market opportunity and be wealthy at a personal level”. Slower growth. Numerous studies that track revenue and employee growth have found that women’s businesses tend to grow more slowly than men’s. “We hear all the time that women are choosing to keep their businesses smaller”, says Patricia Green, professor of entrepreneurial studies at the University of Missouri at Kansas City. “ It’s probably for three reasons: So they can manage their family responsibilities better, because they aren’t aware of the finding mechanisms available for growth, and because they’re leery of giving up control out of concern over what’s going to happen to the business then”. Less debt. Several studies have found that women entrepreneurs take fewer financial risks and are less likely to finance their companies with debt than men, though that seems to be changing. The share to women entrepreneurs with bank credit increased. Women certainly have less access to another key source of financing for small companies – venture capital, or cash for equity. That may reflect their smaller presence in high tech (By Meg Lundstrom, Business Week). Card 8Present GivingPresents and present giving should be fun. The whole idea of giving a present is that you should enjoy planning an especial pleasure and surprise for someone and that they should feel warmed and thrilled by your thoughtfulness for others. The value of a present is the least important thing about it. What matters is that it is a token of your love and appreciation of a particular person. Generosity is like sunshine: we all respond to it. The most worthwhile gift of all is to give of yourself. The French call it “dicoeur” – the gift of warm -heartedness. Those who never give anything away, not even sympathy, are bound be disappointed and unhappy people. An ideal present should be something the recipient will like and want not just something you like. Everyone has simple tastes as well as extravagant ones and by listening carefully you can usually find something inexpensive to buy or easy to make. The simplest present is often the most appreciated because it is just right (From “English with Interest”). Card 9Shopping in LondonSerious shopping or just browsing are equally rewarding experiences in London whose range of shops, stores, and stalls cater for all tastes – and purses. Carnaby Street achieved overnight in the late 1960’s when it became the mecca of ultra-modern fashion and its influence rapidly spread throughout the capital, and indeed the world as evidenced by the now commonplace boutiques specializing in clothes for young people. Haute couture, exclusive and expensive, is to be found in and around fashionable Mayfair and Knightsbridge whilst inbetween tastes are well served by the Marks and Spencer stores, justifiably well-known for their consistently good value in an increasingly wide range of goods. Regent Street, New Bond Street, and Burlington Arcade offer the best in expensive jewelry, as does Jermyn Street in men’s wear (From All London). Card 10The Economic Problems of Working BritainBritain was the first country both to industrialize and to develop a capitalist economy. By 1800 its share of world trade stood at approximately 40 per cent. In 1850 it had as many merchant ships as the rest of the world put together and it led the world in most manufacturing industries. Its lead, however, did not prove durable. Early in the twentieth century it was overtaken by the United States and Germany. After two world wars and the rapid loss of its empire, Britain was unable even to maintain its position in Europe for a once great political and economic empire it has been a humbling process. After 1945 Britain tried to find a balance between government intervention in the economy and an almost completely free-market economy such as existed in the United States. Neither system seemed to fit Britain’s needs. The former seemed compromised between two different objectives: planned economic prosperity and the means of ensuring full employment, while the latter promised greater economic prosperity at the cost of poverty and unemployment for the less able in society. Both Labor and the Conservatives were reluctant to break from the consensus based on Keynesian economics (From “Britain in Close up” by David McDowall). Card 11Eating out in LondonWhen it comes to eating the choice is endless. The ubiquitous sandwich is available at numerous coffee bars or from that great British establishment, the pub, which can take the form of the chromium plated ultra-modern to the red plush and mirrored old tavern, or a peculiar compromise of the two. Light refreshments can be had at most pubs and many have excellent restaurants. Beer, that uniquely English drink, be it the sharp tasting pale golden bitter or the sweeter dark brown ale goes down well with a ploughman's lunch (crusty bread, butter, cheese and pickles). Specialities of London’s East End are the nearly instant and very nutritious fish and chips, and a wide range of seafood (jellied eels, whelks, cockles, shrimps, crab, lobster and mussels) still sold from roadside stalls. All the large department stores have restaurant facilities and a choice of international cuisine is available from a multitude of hotels and restaurants in the West End (From All London). Card 12The Financial Sector of BritainThere has been a long tradition of directing the economy through the financial institutions which together are known as “the City”, and which until 1986 were all located in the “Square Mile” of the City of London. The Bank of England, the retail and wholesale banks, insurance companies (most notably Lloyds) and the Stock Exchange of the City have for a very long time played an important role in Britain’s economy, not only because they are the nerve center of national finance but because such a large proportion of Britain’s wealth has been invested by the City overseas. Indeed, apart from income from tourism, the City has been mainly responsible for Britain’s large annual invisible exports, which have done so much for the national economy. The Bank of England, which serves as Britain’s central bank has three main traditional roles: to maintain the stability and value of the currency; to maintain the stability of the financial system in Britain and help maintain it internationally; and to ensure the effectiveness of the financial services sector. It also advises government and provides banking services to government, the banking system and other central banks. The Bank is implicitly responsible to a considerable extent for the proper working of the City (From “Britain in Close Up” by David McDowall). Card13At the Employment AgencyHe passed numerous restaurants with magnificent discipline, refusing even to glance into them, and at last reached a building, which he entered. He rose in an elevator to the seventh floor, moved down a hall, and, opening a door, walked into the office of an employment agency. Already there were two dozen young men in the place; he found a corner where he stood waiting his turn to be interviewed. At length he was granted this great privilege and was questioned by a thin, scatter-brained miss of fifty. “Now tell me,” she said; “What can you do?” He was embarrassed. “I can write”, he said pathetically. “You mean your penmanship is good? Is that it?” said the elderly maiden. “ Well, yes”, he replied. “But I mean that I can write”. “Write what?” said the miss, almost with anger. “Prose”, he said simply. There was a pause. At last the lady said: “Can you use a typewriter?” “Of course”, said the young man. “” All right”, went on the miss, “ we have your address; we will get in touch with you. There is nothing this morning, nothing at all” (From “Selected Short Stories” by William Saroyan). Card 14Opinions Differ“What do you want, Johnny?” said Mr. Kosak. “And how much money you got?” “Mr. Kosak”, I said, “you know I didn’t come here to buy anything. You know I enjoy a quiet philosophical chat with you every now and then. Let me have a loaf of French bread and a pound of cheese”. “You got to pay cash, Johnny”, said Mr. Kosak. “And Esther”, I said. “How is your beautiful daughter Esther?” “Esther is all right, Johnny”, said Mr. Kosak, “but you got to pay cash. You and your Pa are the worst citizens in this whole country”. “I am glad Esther is all right, Mr. Kosak”, I said. “Jasper MacGregor is visiting our house. He is a great actor”. “I never heard of him”, said Mr. Kosak. “And a bottle of beer for Mr. MacGregor”, I said. “I can’t give you a bottle of beer”, said Mr. Kosak. “Certainly you can”, I said. “ I can’t”, said Mr. Kosak. “I’ll let you have one loaf of stale bread, and one pound of cheese, but that’s all. What kind of work does your Pa do when he works, Johnny?” “ My father writes poetry, Mr. Kosak,” I said. “That’s the only work my father does. He is one of the greatest writers of poetry in the world”. “When does he get any money?” said Mr. Kosak. “He never gets any money”, I said. “You can’t have your cake and eat it”. “I don’t like that kind of job,” said Mr. Kosak. “Why doesn’t your Pa work like everybody else, Johnny?” “He works harder than everybody else” I said. “My father works twice as hard as the average man”. “Well, that’s forty-five cents you owe me, Johnny”, said Mr. Kosak. “I’ll let you have some stuff this time, but never again” (From “Selected Stories” by William Saroyan). 4. Библиография:
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