Программа по формированию навыков безопасного поведения на дорогах и улицах «Добрая дорога детства» 2
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| Тема для УР: Типы экономики. Грамматика: 1) причастие II, 2) many, much, few, a few, little, a little,  3) составные имена существительные.Упражнение № 1. Read and try to understand the following interview. Economies and manufacturing  Interviewer. Denis Mills, do you agree with the people who say that manufacturing industry will inevitably decline in what we call the industrialized countries?Denis Mills: I think manufacturing will change, convert itself. There are many new products that have to be invented to serve new needs, and they can be made in the advanced countries because in fact the technology of production means you need very little labour input. I'm holding in my hand a simple pen that British Airways gives away to its passengers. It is made in Switzerland, a pen, a low-tech product, made in Switzerland, with the highest labour costs in the entire world, and British Airways, a British company, having to pay in low value pounds, is buying from Switzerland a manufactured product. Now what's going on here? It seems to me that they have stumbled on a new secret, which is how to make low-tech products, sell them profitably, but actually make them in a country where in theory there should be no more manufacturing and if you look at any successful economies these days, they all have a strong manufacturing component – and they also manage to do it with their watches, the famous Swatch.  Interview. Which countries are you thinking of?Denis Mills: I'm thinking of the dynamic Asian economies, all based on manufacturing, I'm thinking indeed of the United States which now has created for example a new computer, high-tech computer industry, its car industry is coming right back in America. America is a giant manufacturing economy, which is why it is still the richest nation in the world, so I am extremely dubious of the theorists who say that manufacturing has no future in the advanced industrialized countries. Do you know these words?
Work on the words Упражнение № 1. Read and translate these words:
Упражнение № 2. Translate into English paying attention to these verbs: to say smth, to tell smb smth, to speak (about smth in a language / in a certain place / for a certain period of time). 1) В своем докладе он говорил об обрабатывающей промышленности. 2) Я не знаю, где он говорил о продукции высокой технологии. 3) Он сказал несколько слов и о продукции с низким уровнем технологий. 4) Он сказал журналисту, что хочет привести еще один пример. 5) На пресс-конференции говорили только по-английски. 6) Я думаю, что они говорили около получаса. Упражнение № 3. State if the word need is a verb or noun in each case and translate the sentences: 1) These products are invented to serve new needs. In this case the technology of production means you need very little labour input. 2) They do not need to copy this text. They need not copy this text. 3) Do you need to write an essay? Need you write an essay? 4) There is no need for you to translate this text. 5) There is a great need for a good book on this subject. 6) He earns enough to satisfy his needs. 7) $100 will meet his immediate needs. 8) Does he need any help? 9) This chapter needs rewriting. 10) There's no/not much need for anxiety. Grammar Revision (Study Grammar appendix Lesson 7): many – much; few, a few, little, a little Упражнение № 4. Translate into English: много / мало / несколько, многие / немногие / небольшие: теорий, компонентов, индустриальных стран, развитых стран, людей, продуктов; много / мало: нефти, угля, информации, работы; большая / небольшая, малая: трудоемкость, усталость, сила, стойкость. Grammar: Participle II (Study Grammar appendix Lesson 7) Упражнение № 5. Read and translate into Russian paying attention to the words in italics: It is a low-tech product made in Switzerland. It seems to me the Swiss have stumbled on a new secret. I'm thinking of the dynamic Asian economies based on i manufacturing. They raised prices in its centrally planned economy. The authorities regulate the prices charged by monopolistic suppliers. Any positive number divided by zero yields plus infinity. Have a look at the shaded area. Упражнение № 6. Underline Participles I, write out Participles II and translate the sentences: There is a corresponding quantity of twenty thousand tickets demanded. Chronic shortages have forced North Korea to implement these increases. The indicator compiled by the consortium estimates the GDP growth of 1.8 %. Sales increased by 13 % compared with estimates for the same period last year. The company cut inventories to reduce the need for discounted sales. Increasing world demand has been an important factor. Cambridge University Press is a charitable enterprise required by University Statute. Упражнение № 7. Translate into English:
 Have another look at the interview and ...Упражнение № 8. Read the interview out loud. Упражнение № 9. Sum up what Denis Mills said about manufacturing industry. Упражнение № 10. Now read and try to understand the following text. Public and private sectors in the UK At the beginning of the 1980s there were many public corporations in the United Kingdom. They included British Coal, British Steel, the Post Office, British Telecom, the British Airports Authorities, British Rail and some others. They were nationalized mostly by Labour governments for political reasons, reflecting a desire to control and plan the economy in detail and a belief in the «tightness» of public ownership as an ideal. Some corporations became public to be rescued from bankruptcy. Thus the governments saved thousands of jobs in those firms, so the taxpayer was saved from paying out large sums to unemployed people. Very many public corporations later became private again. But some others are still publicly owned. A special mention should be made of British Rail. Railway tracks make a natural monopoly of the state. At the same time different companies are allowed to operate competing services on the same tracks. Thus there is a natural monopoly in track ownership but not in operating trains. Do you know these words?
Revise Grammar appendix Lesson 7 and do the following exercises Упражнение № 11. Say in what forms the verbs are used in the following sentences. A lot of public money has been used to save the company. Many companies have been saved from bankruptcy. Analogous monopolies have long been in public ownership. Nationalization has been used as a form of regulating monopolies. A few more companies have been taken into public ownership. This company has gone bankrupt this year. The business has been sold off early this month. Упражнение № 12. Complete the sentences paying attention to the use of the Participles I: 1) The industry was nationalized reflecting the desire of the government to control... 2) There is no monopoly in operating... 3) Here is a figure showing... 4) I like this picture showing... 5) I like this film describing... 6) Have you read the article spotlighting... 7) There is no sense in learning by heart... Have another look at the text and... Упражнение № 13. Find the terms in the text corresponding to these definitions: 1) the sector comprising central government; 2) local authorities, nationalized industries and other public corporations; 3) the sector comprising households unincorporated business and companies; 4) a company which can raise permanent capital by issuing shares to the general public. Упражнение № 14. Sum up what the text said about: British Rail; public companies in the UK. Урок 8. Экономика переходного периода Тема для УР: Экономика страны. Text: Public and private sectors in the UK At the beginning of the 1980s there were many public corporations in the United Kingdom. They included British Coal, British Steel, the Post Office, British Telecom, the British Airports Authorities, British Rail and some others. They were nationalized mostly by Labour governments for political reasons, reflecting a desire to control and plan the economy in detail and a belief in the «tightness» of public ownership as an ideal. Some corporations became public to be rescued from bankruptcy. Thus the governments saved thousands of jobs in those firms, so the taxpayer was saved from paying out large sums to unemployed people. Very many public corporations later became private again. But some others are still publicly owned. At the beginning of the 1980s there were many public corporations in the United Kingdom. They included British Coal, British Steel, the Post Office, British Telecom, the British Airports Authorities, British Rail and some others. They were nationalized mostly by Labour governments for political reasons, reflecting a desire to control and plan the economy in detail and a belief in the «tightness» of public ownership as an ideal. Some corporations became public to be rescued from bankruptcy. Thus the governments saved thousands of jobs in those firms, so the taxpayer was saved from paying out large sums to unemployed people. Грамматика: 1) настоящее совершенное время, 2) причастия I, II и инфинитив, 3) модальный эквивалент to be to do smth, 4) степени сравнения прилагательных. Тексты для чтения: 1. Диалог: Лекция о Венгрии. 2. Текст 1: Российская Федерация. 3. Текст 2: Приватизация под сомнением. 4. Текст 3: Русские обсуждают вопрос о строительстве терминала в Мурманске для экспорта нефти. Обучение написанию аннотации Упражнение № 1. Read the following dialogue and try to understand it. About a lecture on Hungary Two American scholars are speaking in the Dean's room after their tutorial classes. A: I always bite off more than I can chew. I agreed to speak at the club next Monday. Now I won't be able to do it. B: Why not? What happened? A: I'm going to Denver that day. I forgot all about it. I don't have the heart to tell the club now. It's the second time I've done this. B: By the way, on what exactly were you to speak at the club? A: Oh, as you know, I returned from Hungary some time ago where I studied the latest trends of their economic development. And I wanted to share my observations, analysis and some predictions, too. Now that I can't come, I don't know how I can save face. B: Don't worry about it. They'd have to search high and low to find a better speaker. And they know it. A: Thank you. But I 'doubt that. I'm sure "they'd prefer someone who keeps his word. B: Forget it. They know you're not leading them on. They'll ask you again, I'm sure. It's hardly possible they'll be able to have a replacement. I'm sure they are interested in the topic. But don't fail them again. |
