Пособие по общественно-политической и официально-деловой лексике Москва
Скачать 2.87 Mb.
|
TOPICAL VOCABULARY To be affiliated (with) входить в состав Bicameral parliament двухпалатный парламент To carry out all norm-creating activity издавать все необходимые нормативные акты Chancery суд лорд-канцлера Church of England, English (Anglican) Church англиканская церковь Communist Party of Great Britain Коммунистическая партия Великобритании [124] Conservative Party консервативная партия To dissolve распускать (организацию и т, п.) Domestic service местное обслуживание The General Secretary of the TUC (Trades-Union Congress) Генеральный секретарь Британского конгресса тред-юнионов Labor Party лейбористская партия To lapse терять силу; истекать (о праве) Life peer пожизненно назначаемый пэр Organic system of local government система органов местного управления To pass bills принимать законопроекты Socially deprived urban areas городские трущобы sovereign суверен, монарх sparsely populated parishes малонаселенные приходы TUC's executive body исполнительный орган Британского конгресса тред-юнионов The UK flag merchant fleet торговый флот Великобритании Writ предписание; рескрипт (королевский) EXERCISES 1. Read the tеxt and translate it sentence by sentence. 2. Read from left to right. Indicate which word or word group is nearest in meaning to those italicized. Translate the italicized lexical units To justify – to corroborate – to authenticate – to rationalize Juvenile – green – adult – young To command – to instruct – to conduct – to tell Know-how – lack of skill – expertise – mastery Residence – abode – residency – house Multilateral – one-sided – many-sided – ambidextrous Needy – poverty-stricken – rich – well-to-do 3. Answer the following questions. 1. What are the special features of the parliamentary monarchy? 2. What does statutory right imply? 3. What documents laid the foundation for the statutory right? 4. Who is the head of State in England? 5. What are the actual powers of the king or queen? 6. What is meant by the term "Crown-in-Parliament"? 7. Who is in actual command of the British politics? 8. What do you know about the Privy Council? 9. What is the composition of the two Houses in England? How do they function? 4. Find out the meaning of the italicized lexical units with the aid of 'he following leading questions. 1. The statutory foundation of the British constitution is composed of several important documents. а) What is the origin of the word "statutory"? [125] b) What documents make up the foundation of the constitution? c) What is the Russian for "statutory constitution"? 2. The British monarch is considered to be supreme bearer of the executive power. a) Who enjoys real executive power in Great Britain? b) What are the present-day functions of the king or queen of England? c) What is the Russian term for "executive power"? 3. The monarch is considered to be an integral part of Parliament. a) How does the monarch play his role in Great Britain now? b) Why is that role called "integral"? c) What is the Russian equivalent for "the integral part of"? 5. Give Russian equivalents for: parliamentary monarchy; judicial precedents; the Habeas Corpus Act; direct descendants; female line; supreme bearer of executive power; supreme commander-in-chief; bishops and archbishops; integral part of Parliament; to summon Parliament into session; royal powers and prerogatives; to; pass bills; chairman of the House of Commons; deprived (of); juridical departments; senior ministers; cabinet of ministers; legislature; local government; autonomous administrative authority; bicameral parliament; administrative territorial units; aldermen; civil defence; at the expense of governmental subsidies; local taxes. 6. Translate into Russian. 1. The supreme legislative power is vested in Parliament/ which in its present form, is divided into two Houses of legislature, the Lords and the Commons, dates from the middle of the 14th century. 2. Parliament is summoned by the writ of the sovereign issued out of Chancery, by advice of the Privy Council, at least 20 days previous to its assembling. 3. Every session must end with a prorogation, and all Bills which have not been passed during the session then lapse. 4. The House of Lords consists of; (1) hereditary peers and peeresses sitting by virtue of descent; (2) life peers; (3) archbishops and 24 bishops of the Church of England. 5. Persons under 21 years of age, Clergymen of the Church of England, Ministers of the Church of Scotland, Roman Catholic clergymen, civil servants, members of the regular armed forces, policemen and most judicial officers are disqualified from [126] sitting in the House of Commons. 6. The executive government is vested nominally in the Crown, but practically in the Cabinet, which is dependent on the support of a majority in the House of Commons. 7. Prime minister's colleagues in the ministry are appointed on his recommendation, and he dispenses the greater portion of the patronage of the Crown. 8. The phrase "local government" has come to mean that part 0f the local administration is conducted by elected councils. 7. Translate into English. 1. Великобритания — парламентарная монархия. Единого конституционного акта не имеет: неписаная конституция. 2. Статутарную основу конституции Великобритании составляют несколько важнейших актов: Великая хартия вольностей, Петиция о праве, Хабеас корпус акт, «Билль о правах», Вестминстерский статут, Акт о народном представительстве, Акт о реформе палаты лордов и другие. 3. Глава государства — король (королева). Королевская власть является пожизненной и передается по наследству прямым потомкам монарха по мужской линии, а в случае их отсутствия — по женской линии, согласно старшинству. 4. Король (королева) считается верховным носителем исполнительной власти, главой судебной системы, верховным главнокомандующим вооруженными силами, светским главой англиканской церкви и главой Содружества. 5. Королю принадлежит право назначения премьер-министра, министров, судей, дипломатов, офицеров армии, флота и авиации, епископов и архиепископов, губернаторов, заключения международных договоров, объявления войны и заключения мира. 6. Король созывает парламент на сессии, которые открываются его тронной речью, распускает палату общин, санкционирует законопроекты, принятые парламентом; обладает правом помилования, жалует пэрство, баронство, рыцарство и другие почетные звания. 7. Фактически, король — лишь номинальный глава государства (царствует, но не управляет); королевские полномочия и прерогативы почти полностью находятся в руках исполнительной власти — кабинета министров. 8. Формально высшим органом королевского правления считается Тайный совет, в состав которого пожизненно входят особо почетные лица. 9. Высший орган законодательной власти — парламент, который состоит из короля, палаты лордов и палаты общин. 10. Общенациональное представительное Учреждение Великобритании — нижняя палата — палата общин, которая состоит из 630 депутатов. 11. Срок полно- [127] мочнй палаты общин — 5 лет. По закону избранным в палату общин может быть каждый британский подданный,^ достигший 21 года, однако исключения из этого декларированного правила довольно широки. 12. Депутат парла-| мента получает жалованье. Избрание депутатов палатья общин проводится таким образом: избранным считается тот кандидат, который набрал голосов больше, чем каждый] из его противников в отдельности. 13. Для выдвижения кандидата необходимо заявление об этом нескольких избиЛ рателей и внесение залога в 150 фунтов стерлингов (залога не возвращается, если кандидат соберет менее 1/8 общего количества голосов, поданных по данному избирательному округу). 8. Translate the following text of a treaty Into Russian. Exchanges in the Fields of the Arts (1) Both Parties shall facilitate tours from one country to the other by theatre, opera, ballet and dance companies', and groups, orchestras, groups of musicians, conductors and soloists. These tours shall take place provided that mutually; acceptable contracts are concluded between the concert organizations of the Soviet side and financially responsible; organizations or impresarios on the British side. (2) Both Parties shall inform the other of important forthcoming events and shall encourage the organizers to extend invitations to performing companies and fine arts institutions to participate in national and international congresses, festivals and other manifestations of a cultural and artistic nature. (3) During the period of the Agreement the Parties shall consider exchanges of fine arts and specialist exhibitions. In particular both Parties will endeavour to arrange an exchange of exhibitions, on the British side of the works of Turner and on the Soviet side of Russian paintings from Soviet museums. (4) The preceding paragraphs of this Article do not pre-j elude other exchanges in the performing and fine arts agreed, directly between British and Soviet concert organizations,', impresarios, agencies and other appropriate organizations, on both sides respectively. (5) During each year of the Agreement there shall take place an exchange of students specializing in the fields of the arts for a period of one academic year. (Extract from the Agreement) UNIT 11 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The United States of America was formed in 1776 as a result of the victory of the American people in their struggle against British colonialists. In the course of its 200 years the US has gone a long way from a former colony to a leading imperialist superpower the economy of which is based on' the exploitation of the broad working masses. This is the result of the power of the capital, of the domination of the largest monopolies in the economy of the nation, and of turning the US in the centre of the financial exploitation of the capitalist world. The US Constitution was adopted in 1787 and at that time it reflected the political belief of the young American bourgeoisie. This is one of the oldest written constitutions, different from the unwritten constitution of England. It also operates today. Since the adoption of the Constitution 27 amendments have been introduced. The first 10 amendments are known I as the Bill of rights (1791). This Bill includes the main bourgeois rights and other provisions. By the Constitution the government of the nation is composed of three co-ordinate branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial. The national government has authority in matters of general taxation, treaties and other dealings with foreign Powers1, foreign and inter-state commerce2, bankruptcy, postal service, coinage, weights and measures, patents and copyright, the armed forces and crimes against the USA; it has sole legislative authority over the District of Columbia and the possessions of the US. The 5th article of the Constitution provides that Congress may, on a two-thirds vote of both houses, propose amendments to the Constitution. An important section in the Constitution is that of presidency. The executive power is vested in a president 3, who holds office for 4 years, and is elected, together with a vice president for the same term, by electors 4 from each state, equal to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress. The President must be a natural-born citizen, resident in the country for 14 years, and at least 35 years old. [129] The presidential election is held every fourth (leap) year. Technically, this is an election of presidential electors, not of a president directly; the electors thus chosen meet and give their votes (for the candidate to whom they are pledged, in some states by law, but in most states by custom and prudent politics) at their respective state capitals on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December next following their: election; and the votes of the electors of all the states are opened and counted in the presence of both Houses of Congress. If the successful canditate for President dies before taking office the Vice-President-elect becomes President; if no candidate has a majority or if the successful candidate fails to qualify, then, by the 20th amendment, the Vice-President acts as President until a president qualifies. The duties of the Presidency, in absence of the President and Vice-President by reason of death, resignation, removal, inability or failure to qualify, devolve upon the Speaker of the House. The President is Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Navy and Air Force, and of the militia when in the service of the Union5. The Vice-President is ex officio President of the Senate, and in the case of "the removal of the President, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of his office", he becomes the President for the remainder of the term. Cabinet. The administrative business of the nation has been traditionally vested in several executive departments, the heads of which, unofficially and ex officio, formed the! President's Cabinet. Beginning with the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887, however, an increasing amount of executive business has been entrusted for the remainder of the term. to some 60 so-called independent agencies, such as the Veterans Administration, Housing and Home Finance Agency, Tariff Commission, etc. All heads of departments and of the 60 or more administrative agencies are appointed by the President, but must be confirmed by the Senate. Congress. The legislative power is vested by the Constitution in a Congress, consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives. Electorate. By amendments of the Constitution, disqualification of voters on the ground of race, colour or sex is forbidden. Accordingly, the electorate consists theoretically of all citizens of both sexes over 18 years of age, but the franchise is not universal. There are requirements of residence] varying in the several states as to length from 6 months to [130] 2 years and differing requirements as to registration. In 20 states the ability to read (usually an extract from the Constitution) is required — in Alaska the ability to read English; in Hawaii, English or Hawaiian; in Louisiana, English or one's native tongue. Senate. The Senate consists of 2 members from each state, chosen by popular vote for 6 years, one-third retiring or seeking re-election every 2 years. Senators must be not less than 30 years of age; must have been citizens of the USA for 9 years, and be residents in the states for which they are chosen. The Senate has complete freedom to initiate legislation, except revenue bills (which must originate in the House of Representatives); it may, however, amend or reject any legislation originating in the lower house. The Senate is also entrusted with the power of giving or withholding its "advice and consent" to the ratification of all treaties initiated by the President with foreign Powers, a two-thirds majority of senators present being required for approval. House of Representatives. The House of Representatives consists of 435 members elected every second year. The number of each state's representatives is determined by the decennial census, in the absence of specific Congressional legislation affecting the basis. Representatives must be not less than 25 years of age, citizens of the USA for 7 years, and residents in the states from which they are chosen. The District of Columbia, Guam and the Virgin Islands have one non-voting delegate each. The House also admits a "resident commissioner" from Puerto Rico, who has the right to speak on any subject and to make motions, but not to vote; he is elected in the same manner as the representatives but for a 4-year term. (From encyclopedias) |
Похожие:
 | Российской Федерации Государственный университет Факультет прикладной... Дисциплина "Система западной словесности" относится к блоку общепрофессиональных дисциплин. Она адресована студентам, обучающимся... |  | Российской Федерации Государственный университет Факультет прикладной... Дисциплина "Система западной словесности" относится к блоку общепрофессиональных дисциплин. Она адресована студентам, обучающимся... |
| Российской Федерации Государственный университет Факультет прикладной... Дисциплина "Система западной словесности" относится к блоку общепрофессиональных дисциплин. Она адресована студентам, обучающимся... | | Российской Федерации Государственный университет Факультет прикладной... Дисциплина "Система западной словесности" относится к блоку общепрофессиональных дисциплин. Она адресована студентам, обучающимся... |
| Российской Федерации Государственный университет Факультет прикладной... Дисциплина "Система западной словесности" относится к блоку общепрофессиональных дисциплин. Она адресована студентам, обучающимся... | | Элективный курс по русскому языку «Деловой русский язык» в 9 классе ( предпрофильная подготовка) Темы, рассмотренные на курсе, с одной стороны примыкают к основному курсу, с другой позволяют глубже познакомить учащихся с официально-... |
| Немецкий язык Пособие для студентов второго курса дневного и вечернего отделений ои мгюа по направлению подготовки «Юриспруденция». Цель пособия... | | Урок русского языка в 11 классе Тема: «Речевой этикет делового общения.... Тема: «Речевой этикет делового общения. Официально-деловой стиль. Деловое письмо» |
| Урок-презентация. Тема Разработка урока по русскому языку в 11 классе «Официально-деловой стиль. Ситуация трудоустройства» | | Домашние задания на период карантина до 5 марта Функциональные стили речи (разговорный, художественный, публицистический, научный, официально-деловой) |
| Рабочая программа Дисциплины «Официально-деловой перевод» Сми, в области языковой, социокультурной, межкультурной коммуникации, в научно-исследовательской сфере | | Конспект, отзыв Разговорная речь, функциональные стили: научный, публицистический, официально-деловой; язык художественной литературы, их основные... |
| Учебно-методическое пособие по немецкому языку Для слушателей фзо второго года обучения Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для слушателей фзо краснодарского юридического института мвд россии второго года обучения.... | | Учебно-методическое пособие по немецкому языку Для слушателей фзо второго года обучения Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для слушателей фзо краснодарского юридического института мвд россии второго года обучения.... |
| Программа по формированию навыков безопасного поведения на дорогах... Конспект урока русского языка в 6-м классе по теме: "Официально-деловой стиль. Заявление" | | Учебно-методический комплекс дисциплины практическая стилистика (официально-деловой... Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования города Москвы |
