Учебно-методический комплекс дисциплины «иностранный (английский) язык»

ВАРИАНТ4 Задание 1. Прочитать и перевести текст. TUPOLEV Tu-2 Country of origin: USSR Engines: two Shvetsov M-82 14-cylinder radial air-cooled 1,850 hp each Crew: four Max speed: 342 mph (550 km/h) at 17,720 ft (5,400 m) Range: 1,243 miles (2,000 km) Ceiling: 31,200 ft (9,500 m) Length: 45 ft 3 in (13.80 m) Span: 61 ft 10.5 in (18.85 m) Height: 1-3 ft 11-in (4.25 m) In 1938 the Soviet collective headed by Andrei N. Tupolev designed the ANT-58 to meet an official specification for a sturdy twin-engined bomber able to carry a\crew of three plus a 4,410 lb (2,000 kg) bomb load and capable of level and diving attacks. An attractive mid-wing monoplane with twin fins and rudders the ANT-58 first flew on 29 January 1941. Despite problems with its 1,400 hp AM-37 engines the bomber had an exceptional performance and development proceeded through two further prototypes, the four-seated ANT-59 and ANT-60, the latter having M-82 (later Ash-82) radials. In 1942 work was started on a pre-production series of aircraft under the official designation Tu-2 and three of these first saw actions later that year. The new bomber which had excellent handling characteristics was received enthusiastically and after extensive structural modification to simplify construction it went into full production as the Tu-2S with 1,850 hp M-82FN engines: Quantit eliveries began early in 1944; By the end of the war in Europe 1,111 had been built. Development continued during and after the war, with various engine and armament installations being tested. Photographic reconnaissance, torpedo-bomber and ground-attack variants were also produced. Production of the basic Tu-2 continued until 1947 when 3,000 had been delivered to the Soviet Air. Force, China, Poland and other communist countries. Later aircraft were powered by ASh-82FNV engines driving four-bladed airscrews. A lighter training development, the UTB, was developed by Sukhoi and a number of these were supplied to the Polish Air Force. Задание 2. Выписать из текста все имена существительные во множественном числе и дать их перевод. Задание 3. Выписать из текста все глагольные формы в активном залоге (Active Voice), определить их видовременные формы, указать их на-. чальную форму и перевести на русский язык. Задание 4. Выписать из текста все глагольные формы в пассивном залоге (Passive Voice), перевести их на русский язык. Задание 5. Выписать из текста все неличные формы глагола (Infinitive, Gerund, Participles I, II), указать их грамматические функции и пере-. вести. Задание 6. Соотнести русские эквиваленты с английскими. Основные части самолёта: The main parts of the plane: 1. крыло a) power plant 2. фюзеляж b) wing 3. силовая установка c) horizontal tail 4. горизонтальное оперение d) fuselage 5. руль высоты e) elevator . б. .стабилизатор f) vertical tail 7. вертикальное оперение. g) fin 8. руль направления h) horizontalJstabilizer \ 9. киль i)' rudder 10, закрылки j) aileron 11, элерон k) gear 12, ' щасси 1) flaps Задание 7. Соотнести английские эквиваленты с русскими. . The main parts of the helicopter: Основные части вертолёта: engine скользящая муфта collective pitc двигатель cyclic pitch лопасти винта pitch controls вал rotor blades крутящий момент shaft автомат перекоса swashplate циклический шаг rudder педаль instrumental panel управление шагом воздушного винта tail-rotor приборная панель torque reaction хвостовой винт torque reaction ручка объединённого управления Задание 8. На основе текста и упражнений 6 и 7 составить тезаурус по теме "Aircraft Building". ВАРИАНТ5 Задание 1. Прочитать и перевести текст. BOEING В-29 SUPERFORTRESS Country of origin: USA Engines: four 2,200 hp Wright Cyclone air-cooled radial Crew: ten Max speed: 358 mph (576 km/h) Range: 4,100 miles (6,600 km) Ceiling: 31,850 ft (9,700 m) Length: 99 ft Oin (30.18 m) Span: 141 ft 3 in (43.05m) Height: 29 ft 7 in (9.02 m) There is a touch of irony that the aircraft which unleashed the holocaust of the world's first atomic bomb dropped in anger ended up near-derelict at the end of a mnway on a US AF base. The irony goes further; just as the Japanese city of Hiroshima was rebuilt following that fateful attack on 6 August 1945, the Вое ing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay Was rescued from its fate of decay to be restored for permanent display. Piloted by Col Paul W. Tibbets, Jr, Enola Gay entered the history books at 8:15 am on 6 August 1945 when the six-ton (6,096 kg) atomic bomb nicknamed 'Little Boy' was released over Hiroshima. Fifty seconds later the bomb exploded with the force of 20,000 tons (20,400 tones) of TNT destroying 4.7 square miles (7.5 km2) of the city centre, leaving 71,379 dead, and over 68,000 injured. Three days after the Hiroshima attack, a sister ship Bock's Car, captained by Lt Col Charles W. Sweeney, and dropped the second operational atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki. The two attacks quickly brought an end to the Second World War with the Japanese officially surrendering on 2 September 1945. Today Enola Gay is in the care of the world-renowned Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum. It is presently at the museum's Paul E. Garber Facility where it is being restored to display condition. The museum is possibly the world's most important aircraft collection. Many of its most famous exhibits including the Wright Flyer and Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis can be seen at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC. Задание 2. Выписать из текста все имена существительные во множественном числе и дать их перевод. Задание 3. Выписать из текста все глагольные формы в активном залоге (Active Voice), определить их видовременные формы, указать их начальную форму и перевести на русский язык.. Задание 4. Выписать из текста все глагольные формы в пассивном залоге (Passive Voice), перевести их на русский язык. Задание 5. Выписать из текста все неличные формы глагола (Infinitive, Gerund, Participles I, II), указать их грамматические функции и перевести. Задание 6. Соотнести русские эквиваленты с английскими. Основные части самолёта: The main parts of the plane: 1. крыло a) power plant 2. фюзеляж b) wing 3. силовая установка c) horizontal tail 4. горизонтальное оперение d) fuselage 5. руль высоты e) elevator . б. .стабилизатор f) vertical tail 7. вертикальное оперение. g) fin 8. руль направления h) horizontalJstabilizer \ 9. киль i)' rudder 10, закрылки j) aileron 11, элерон k) gear 12, ' щасси 1) flaps Задание 7. Соотнести английские эквиваленты с русскими. The main parts of the helicopter: Основные части вертолёта: engine скользящая муфта collective pitc двигатель cyclic pitch лопасти винта pitch controls вал rotor blades крутящий момент shaft автомат перекоса swashplate циклический шаг rudder педаль instrumental panel управление шагом воздушного винта tail-rotor приборная панель torque reaction хвостовой винт torque reaction ручка объединённого управления Задание 8. На основе текста и упражнений 6 и 7 составить'тезаурус по теме "Aircraft Building". 2 КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ 2 у Вариант 1 Задание 1. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите с 1-го по 3-й абзацы. Пояснения к тексту: score - множество be under way - делать приготовления THE EXPLORATION OF SPACE AND THE MOON Today, escaping from the earth out into space has stopped being a problem. Scores of satellites are now in operation, cosmonauts are sent on longer and longer orbital flights and plans are under way for manned trip to the moon. Being the earth's nearest neighbour, the moon is a natural target for exploration. It is worth remembering that for' thousands of years men have dreamed of setting foot on the moon. However, lunar visits are only now approaching the realm of possibility. Projecting thoughts and launching an object to the moon are quite different matters. Shooting anything out of a canon involves great accelerations over the length of the barrel. Hence, a cannon cannot accomplish the task. It is the modern multistage, high-thrust rocket that is the answer to the dreams. 3. Reaching,the moon is essentially a matter of imparting a critical veloc ity to an object so that it escapes from the pull of the earth. The speed the rocket can attain in making its ascent is 25, 000 miles per hour. Today a shot from the earth to the moon is relatively simple. Russia was the first country to succeed in doing this. On September 13,' 1959 the Russian Lunik II impacted the moon. On October 10, 1959 Lunik III circled the moon and. relayed back pictures of the hidden side of the moon. To understand the role of the moon will play in the exploration of space, it is first necessary to understand its physical characteristics. The mean distance from the earth to. the moon is 238, 857 miles. Knowing the distance to the moon makes it possible to measure its diameter- 2. 160 miles. By finding the diameter and mass of the moon we can rather readily determine its surface gravity, the pull of gravity on the surface of the moon being one-sixth that of the earth. Manned expeditions to the moon will be preceded by a long series of instrumented flights designed to test the performance of complex rockets and to transmit to earth data about the lunar surface. Experiments will permit scientists to determine what elements exist in the lunar soil and rock. The data obtained by automatic functioning of analytical devices will be telemetered back to earth. Задание 2. Выпишите из 4-го абзаца предложение, содержащее-независимый причастный оборот, и переведите его письменно. Задание 3. Прочтите 5-й абзац и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос: Why do scientists explore the Moon? Вариант 2 Задание 1.Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й, 3-й и 4-й абзацы. Пояснения к тексту: airscrew - воздушный винт internal combustion engine - двигатель внутреннего сгорания ' ramjet - прямоточный двигатель propellant - ракетное топливо working fluid - рабочее тело" THE AIRCRAFT POWER PLANT 1. The airplane is propelled by the power plant. The term power plant mayinclude an engine and a propeller or simply an engine. The airplane may bepowered with different power plants, this depending on the purpose of the airplane. There are two means by which the power of an engine can be converted to forward thrust. These are the use of a propeller or airscrew and the use of jet propulsion. For almost forty years from the date of the first powered flight, a propeller driven by a reciprocating internal combustion engine or piston engine was the only means of aerial propulsion. The current of air made by.the propeller was directed backwards, thus obtaining the forward force or thrust needed to propel the airplane. The development of a piston engine was followed by the gas turbine. The appearance of jet engine types was influenced by the Second World War. High-speed aircrafts were required by all the warring Powers. This led to aircraft powered with jet engines which could fly faster than 700 miles per hour. Many other problems were solved with jet engine, the problems of weight and height being among them. The basic idea of a jet engine is to produce high pressure, high temperature gas, which is ejected rearwards with great force furnishing the thrust. Newton's law explains it. The thrust is the reaction of the stream or the jet of hot gases ejected from the rear. The jet Is produced by combustion of the fuel in the compressed air which is supplied by the atmospheric air that enters through the front opening. 5. The main types of jet propulsion engine can be grouped as follows: tur bojet, ramjet, pulse-jet and rockets. The rocket engine differs from other jet pro pulsion system. It carries the complete supply of working fluid or propellants (oxidizer and fuel). Therefore it can operate in a vacuum. Задание 2. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца предложение содержащее независимый причастный оборот, и переведите его письменно. Задание 3. Прочтите 5-й абзац и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос: Why can the rocket engine operate in a vacuum? Вариант 3 Задание 1. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й, 2-й и 4-й абзацы. .MISSILES The term "missile"-generally means a vehicle which has no pilot. Missiles ranges vary from a few miles to thousands of miles. Missiles can develop supersonic speeds and fly at very high altitudes. Since a missiles is a pilotless aircraft it usually carries a set of electronic devices that guide and control it. Radio plays an important role in guidance and control of the missile. 3. From a military standpoint a missile is a pilotless aircraft which carries ,a warhead to its target. As a weapon the missile presents many advantages in comparison with a military airplane for it may be automatic in action in flight. Some missiles home on their target. The radar equipment the missile contains detects the target and directs the missileto it The missile's construction is simple. The missile generally takes the form of a long cylinder with a nose cone. There are four basic parts of a missile, namely: the body of the missile, the nose cone, the control and guidance system arid the propulsion system. The control and the guidance system puts and keeps the missile on the proper path. The propulsion system provides thrust. All the forms of jet propulsion power the missile. The nose cone forms one of the main parts of every missile because it houses the explosives or instruments, if it is a research missile. The missile is not only a weapon. Research rockets and satellites are actually forms of missiles. Their purpose is to provide new knowledge of space. We may say missiles better man's understanding of theuniverse he lives in. As man's knowledge of the universe increases there is an increase in his power over-nature. Задание 2. Выпишите из 3-го абзаца предложение, содержащее определительное бессоюзное придаточное предложение, и переведите его письменно." Задание 3. Прочтите 5-й абзац и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос: What is the purpose of research rockets and satellites? Вариант 4 Задание I. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й, 2-й и 3-й абзацы. COMMERCIAL TRANSPORTS Of the civil airplanes commercial transports are the most widespread. This type of airplane is intended for carrying passengers or cargo, or both. Commercial transports must be fast, efficient and reliable. For passenger service they must provide comfortable seating, proper air conditioning fat all altitudes), and proper food service. For short-haul service, where flights may be no more than.one to two hours in duration, personal conveniences can be minimized. For long runs, however (transcontinental or intercontinental), passengers will be aboard from 6 to 12 hours: thus more space per passenger and more service facilities will be required. Large airplanes for overseas or transcontinental ftjghts also require considerable crew space.. One of the most significant characteristics of commercial transport aircraft is the complete pressurization of the passenger and crew compartments. Modern airplanes, particularly if jet powered, operate most efficiently when flying at very high altitudes (25,000 - 35,000 ft). 4. At such heights the oxygen content of the "atmosphere and the atmospheric pressure are both far below the limits of human tolerance, and it is necessary to supercharge all personnel spaces to near sea-level conditions. This means that the fuselage must be airtight and air compressors must be provided to force sufficient extra air into the cabin to provide tolerable living conditions. 5. Usually no attempt is made to reproduce actual sea-level conditions, but most airplanes maintain cabin temperatures and pressures equivalent to those prevailing at .about 8,000 ft above sea level, regardless of the actual flight altitude. Задание 2. Выпишите из 4-го абзаца предложение, содержащее инфинитив в функции цели, и переведите его письменно. Задание 3. Прочтите 5-й абзац и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос: What do airplanes maintain regardless of the actual flight altitude? Вариант Задание 1. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й, 3-й и 4-й абзацы, NUCLEAR ROCKET PROPULSION The basic attraction of nuclear energy for propulsion is the possibility of doing away with a large bulk of fuel. A two-jet Tu-104 is reported to require 150 tons of fuel for a flight from Moscow, to Vladivostok. A nuclear-powered plane would not consume more than 2.5-3 oz. of uranium for the same trip. Though prospects of nuclear aircraft are promising, they remain an extremely difficult problem, as yet unsolved. The greatest difficulties are expected to be those connected with shielding, weight and reactor safety. It is necessary that the aircraft engine should combine efficiency and lightness. The small bulk of fuel consumed does nqt necessarily mean a small plant. Every reactor has to be surrounded with a shield. This necessity presents the basic problem of nuclear propulsion. The weight of such a, shield could be formidable, and to make an airplane with a heavy reactor and a heavy shield fly is certainly a difficult task. It has been suggested that rocket motors would be ' necessary to get a nuclear plane off the ground, but this might outweigh any advantages to be gained from nuclear propulsion. It is required that the shield weight should be minimum. The weight of shielding might be reduced in various ways: for instance, if the crew were pit in the nose, and the reactor in the tail of a long rocket, the separation between the two would considerably reduce the intensity of radiation reaching the crew, so that the amount of shielding could be diminished. A second major problem is the problem of reliability. What would happen if the reactor of an aircraft stopped suddenly in the air? Should thexreactor shut down, it would be a matter of life and death. The plane would crash if its power plant failed. Задание 2. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца предложение, содержащее субъективный инфинитивный оборот, и переведите его письменно. Задание 3. Прочтите 5-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведённых ниже ответов укажите правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос: What would happen if power plant of the plane failed? ... it would crash. ... it would stop. ... it would feed the rocket with fuel. 3 ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ЧТЕНИЯ JET AGE 1930-1944: The Coming of the Jet Engine Between the wars the fundamentally new engine, tailored for high-speed aircraft, was conceived in.Britain and Germany, This was the jet engine. Jet propulsion was not in itself a new idea - there had been proposals to use it for flight since the 18th century. The achievement of Frank Whittle in Britain and Hans von Ohain in Germany was to create a practical gas turbine motor to produce continuous yet controllable power. The first operational aircraft were flying with the Luftwaffe and with the Royal Air Force in 1944.. The German prototype flew first,, in 1939, and the Luftwaffe's operational fighter plane, Messerschmitt Me.262, was faster than its British counterpart, the Gloster Meteor. But it was the Whittle jet engine that became the father of the post-war jet. This was due to the wartime exchange of technology between the Allied powers, whereby Whittle engines were sent to the United States and the USSR. The coming of jet power radically transformed every aspect of aviation in the post-war years. Within a year or so the first operational flights, supersonic speeds - more than 760 mph - were within the reach of manned craft. The normal operating speeds of civilian transports were doubled; while the spread of cabin pressurization enabled modern airliners to fly at great heights, well above bad weather. . Whole fleets of different aircraft forms have been produced - among them turboprops, in which the jet engine turns a propeller, pure jets, supersonic transports (or SSTs),.the VTO (vertical-take-off).aircraft, executive jets, and trainers for jet pilots. 1969-1980s: Jets for 'Door-to-Door' Flight The vertical take-off aircraft has the potential of flying from-city centre to city centre - a capacity foreshadowed in the 1969 Daily Mail 'door-to-door' London - New York air race, in which a Harrier 'jump-jet' set up the fastest time - 6 hours, 11 minutes, 57 seconds. The British Hawker-Siddeley Harrier was developed for military use. It is powered by an engine with twin jet nozzles, one tucked into the fuselage under each wing. Each nozzle is swiveled through nearly 100° to point a little ahead of vertical or directly rearwards, to perform both-the lifting function and forward flight. The Harrier, which is in service with the Royal Air Force and the United States Marine Corps, can land in rough country without runways, or-on the decks of naval assault ships. In 1980 the Royal Navy warship HMS Invincible took delivery of the most advanced version, the Sea Harrier. МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Дальневосточный федеральный университет» (ДВФУ) Филиал в г. Арсеньеве МАТЕРИАЛЫ ДЛЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ СТУДЕНТОВ по дисциплине «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ) ЯЗЫК»

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