Английский язык

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PART II
SPEECH EXERCISES
I. Give some information on the conferences (congresses, meetings) that have recently been held.
1. A world (1) conference (2) of … (Participants) was held (3) … (Place) … (Time).

(1)	(2)	(3)
international two (three, four) – day all-European scientific	congress symposium meeting forum	was conducted took place

2. The delegates heard (4) a report on (5) … (Subject).

(4)	(5)
a) considered b) discussed c) advanced (put forward) d) approved (supported) e) passed (adopted)	a programme of (a plan of) … some problems connected with … some questions relating to … some proposals on … a resolution (a decision) on …

II. Paraphrase the following sentences using the words given below instead of italicized ones.
to take the floor, to settle, to face, to participate, to chair, to put forward
1. Twenty delegates had the floor during the morning session.

2. The discussion had been rather heated before the question was solved.

3. The conference confronted many acute problems.

4. Professor N. was the chairman of the sitting.

5. All the Northern countries took part in the conference.

6. The delegates made a number of very important proposals.
III. Give information on the coming conference (forum).

1. The sponsors of the conference (forum) ... (пригласить участников конференции, обсудить повестку дня, провести брифинги для журналистов, внести конкретные предложения в проект повестки дня)

2. The delegates of the … conference (forum) will discuss a number of vital problems. (предстоящий, международный, общеевропейский, молодежный)

3. The participants of the conference (forum) ... (принимать повестку дня, прослушать доклады, рассматривать ряд вопросов, обсуждать новые предложения, принимать резолюцию)
IV. Speak on forums (conferences, meetings) held of late.

1.	A broadly representative conference … was held …	What conference? Where? When?
2.	It was attended by … delegates from …	How many? What countries?
3.	The sponsors of the conference were …	What organizations (states)?
4.	There were … items on the agenda.	How many?
5.	The delegates discussed …	What problems?
6.	The participants adopted …	What documents?

V. Get ready to be interviewed on your participation in the work of a conference (symposium, meeting).

1. What conference have you attended?

2. Where and when were the conferences held?

3. Who took part in its work?

4. What items were placed on the agenda?

5. What report did the participants discuss?

PART III
Words and Expressions

to travel abroad on official business	- ездить за границу по служебным/ государственным делам
the State visits	- официальные/государственные поездки/визиты
on the advice of the ministers	- по совету/рекомендации министров
commonwealth countries	- страны содружества
Head of State	- глава государства
to carry out some of the duties	- выполнять некоторые обязанности
the informal Europe-Russia meeting	- неофициальная встреча стран Евросоюза и России
to form a united front	- создать/сформировать единый фронт
to stress common position	- подчеркивать общую позицию
to gloss over differences	- скрывать разногласия под внешним лоском/блеском
to gently steer smb. toward greater democracy	- последовательно/постепенно направлять к большей демократии
the relationship between Russia and all of Europe	- взаимоотношения между Россией и всей Европой
the keys to peace	- ключ к миру
to brush over toughest subject	- обходить молчанием острейший вопрос
to raise protests	- вызывать протесты
to prepare for a larger summit ahead	- готовиться к расширенной встрече на высшем уровне (в верхах), готовиться к саммиту
to elicit change	- добиваться изменений
nuclear cooperation with Iran	- сотрудничество в ядерной области с Ираном
to sign a nuclear fuel agreement	- подписывать соглашение о ядерном топливе
to take a similar position	- занимать аналогичную позицию
to withdraw troops and intelligence services	- выводить войска и разведывательные службы
in accordance with a UN resolution	- в соответствии с резолюцией ООН
a statement	- заявление
to call for	- призывать
withdrawal of armed forces	- выведение войск
to dwell on ...	- останавливаться на...
respect for the internal politics	- уважение к внутренней политике
defense officials	- военное руководство
“outstretched hand” approach	- подход «дружески протянутой руки», дружественный подход
to accept an official invitation	- принять официальное приглашение
officials	- официальные лица
to resume talks	- возобновить переговоры

I. News in Brief. Translate into Russian.
Overseas Visits
During her reign the Queen has frequently travelled abroad, almost always on official business. Apart from the State visits which she undertakes on the advice of her United Kingdom ministers, most of the time the Queen spends away from Britain is on visits to, or stays in, commonwealth countries, particularly those of which she is Head of State. As Sovereign she must have a base and that is, obviously, Britain, but as, for example, Queen of Australia, Canada and Barbados she must also spend time in these countries and this she has always done. When resident in a Commonwealth monarchy she carries out some of the duties of the constitutional Head of State and she acts as far as that particular country in concerned, on the advice of her ministers in that place.
A Trip for Diplomats
On Saturday the UN organized a trip to the Afghan capital Kabul diplomats who work in Pakistan. Diplomats from the US, Denmark, Britain, Norway, Sweden, Holland, Japan and the European Union became acquainted with the programme of UN humanitarian aid in Kabul. Western representatives have promised to go on allotting financial help for such aid programmes. The diplomats also visited the worst-hit regions of the Afghan capital.
II. Revise the active vocabulary and give definitions of the following word combinations.

Страны содружества, to travel abroad on official business, глава государства, to carry out some of the duties, добиваться изменений, next Thursday, переговоры (возможны варианты), to prepare for a larger summit, занимать аналогичную позицию, to stress the common position, взаимоотношения между Россией и всей Европой, treaty of friendship and cooperation, сформировать единый фронт, to raise protests, добиваться изменений, to withdraw troops and intelligence services, уважение к внутренней политике, “outstretched hand” approach.
III. On the bases of the article explain that the statement “Cooperation, not confrontation, was the theme of the informal Europe-Russia meeting in Paris” is true.
Four Leaders Gloss over Differences
The Associated Press

By Angela Doland
PARIS – The leaders of France, Germany and Spain formed a united front with President of Russia.

The informal talks and dinner were a chance for the Europeans, led by French President, to assure that Europe wants good relations with Moscow and to gently steer Russia toward greater democracy.

“In the relationship between Russia and all of Europe, we see the keys to peace democracy and the rule of law taking root definitively on our continent,” French President said.

At a joint news conference, the leaders brushed over the toughest subject – the war in Chechnya, which raised protests from human rights groups.

Cooperation and gentle persuasion – not confrontation – were the themes of the meeting to prepare for a larger summit ahead between Russia and the whole 25-nation European Union. The leaders hoped to adopt a “road map” for better cooperation on questions from economic exchange to human rights.

France sees the outstretched hand as the best way to elicit change in Russia, especially with Russia now at the European Union's doorstep. Eight former Soviet bloc countries joined the EU.

While the United States is worried about Russia's nuclear cooperation with Iran, the Europeans said they were not. Iran and Russia signed a nuclear fuel agreement paving the way for a 1,000-megawatt nuclear power plant.

There is no contradiction between the Russian position and the position that Britain, Germany and France together are negotiating, trying to negotiate with Iran to ensure it is not building the bomb.

German Chancellor took a similar position.

While Russia is aiding Tehran’s civilian nuclear program, Putin drew a clear line. “Iran must prove that it refuses totally the acquisition of a nuclear weapon,” he said.

The leaders did not dwell on Chechnya at the news conference. Spanish Prime Minister said he “of course had respect for the internal politics of each country.”

The leaders also had a one-on-one lunch – a potential chance to press Putin discreetly on issues like democratic reform.
IV. Render the newspaper item without referring to the dictionary.
5 Caspian Presidents Meet to Divide Sea

By Sebastian Alison

REUTERS

ASHGABAT, Turkmenistan – The presidents of all five states surrounding the Caspian Sea will meet in the Turkmen capital on Tuesday to try to settle a decade-old dispute on how to divide the sea, including its gigantic oil and gas wealth.

But while the fact that President Vladimir Putin and the leaders of Iran, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan are prepared to meet at all is seen as a step forward, not everyone expects a dramatic breakthrough.

The Caspian has existed in a legal limbo* since the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Until then, a 1970 agreement between the Soviet Union and Iran established exactly who owned what in the priceless waters?

But the emergence of three new states, each desperate to use the massive hydrocarbon resources of the Caspian to boost their infant economies, has increased the urgency – at least for them – of drawing up a fresh status for the waters.

That the sea contains huge reserves is not in doubt. Multibillion dollar investments have already been made in sectors claimed by Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan.

“In 2010, we estimate production of the Caspian area will be about 3.8 million barrels per day – that means about 60 percent of the present production of the North Sea,” said one Western oil executive, speaking on condition of anonymity at a recent World Economic Forum in Kazakhstan.

He pointed out that this would raise Caspian output to well over Iran’s current 3.4 million barrels per day, and would give the region 50 percent more output than the Gulf of Mexico.

But with each state holding widely differing views on what represents an equitable division, progress on dividing the sea has been painfully slow.

Iran wants the Caspian divided into five equal chunks, but analysts say it might have to settle for less.

Turkmenistan also complained bitterly to Azerbaijan over what it saw as illegal licensing by Azerbaijan to explore in a disputed area of the sea.

Legal experts from the littoral states met in Moscow to try to bring a deal closer, but left empty-handed.

______________________

*legal limbo – правовое забвение
V. Turn to newspapers and prepare a report on the theme “Visits, Meetings, Congresses and Conferences“.

1. Find some articles describing visits of statesmen (public figures, delegations etc.) to this or that country. Comment on the article.

2. Look through some fresh newspapers and find articles on international conferences (meetings, forums) recently conducted in our country and abroad. Give some information on the article.

UNIT 5
NEGOTIATIONS, AGREEMENTS AND TREATIES

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