English topics
Скачать 0.64 Mb.
|
| Part III COUNTRIES AND CULTURES  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island (the UK) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island is situated on the British Isles not far from Europe. It consists of the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of Ireland and a great number of small islands, such as the Orkneys, the Hebrides, the Isle of White and many others. If you look at the map of Europe you will see that Great Britain is not large. It takes 6 hours to travel by a fast train, from London, the capital of England, to Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. And the journey from London to Plymouth takes a little over than 4 hours by train. There are four parts of Great Britain: England, which capital is London; Scotland, which capital is Edinburgh; Wales, which capital is Cardiff and Northern Island, which capital is Belfast. Great Britain lies not far from the continent. It is separated from Europe by the North Sea and the English Channel. The Channel in its narrowest part known as The Strait of Dover is only 32 kilometres. Great Britain has a very good geographical position, as it lies on the crossways of the sea routes from Europe to other parts of the world. The sea connects Britain with most European countries such as: Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Russia and many other countries. The main sea route from Europe to America also passed through the Channel. British climate is mild and damp. It often rains; fogs are quite frequent, especially in the west and south-west. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, warms the seas around the British coast, moderating the climate. This results in cool summers and mild winters. The temperature in winter seldom falls below zero and fields and meadows are green all the year round. ___________________ crossway – перекресток route – дорога, направление, маршрут mild – мягкий damp – сырой frequent – частый current – течение meadows – луга, низины The UK The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousands small islands. Their total area is over 244 000 square kilometres. The United Kingdom is one of the world's smallest countries. Its population is over 63 million people. About 80 percent of the population is urban. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech "Great Britain" is used in the meaning of the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". The capital of the UK is London. The British Isles are separated from the Continent by the North Sea, the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. The surface of the British Isles is very various. The north of Scotland is mountainous and it is called The Highlands. The south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called Lowlands. The north and the west of England are mountainous, but the eastern, central and south-eastern parts of England are a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1, 43 m.). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It produces and exports machinery, electronics, and textiles. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. The UK is a constitutional monarchy with the Parliament and the Queen as Head of State. _______________________ urban – городской to consist of – состоять из to include – заключать, включать в себя various – различный, разнообразный valley – долина plain – равнина highly developed – высокоразвитый 1. Put ten questions to the texts. 2. Find information in the texts about: 1) the territory of the country; 2) the climate of the country; 3) the population of the UK; 4) the head of the state. 3. Complete the sentences. 1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated … . 2. They lie to … of Europe. 3. The British Isles are separated from the continent by the narrow strait of water which is called … . 4. To the north lies … . 5. The fourth part is called ….and is located on the second island. 6. The capital of England is … , Wales has …, Scotland has … and the main city of Northern Ireland is … .  2. Imagine, you have already been to this country. Make up and retell a text about the sights of the UK which you “have seen”. The History of LondonAs well as being the capital of England, London is the capital of the United Kingdom. London was founded by the Romans in 43 A.D. and was called Londinium. In 61 A.D. the town was burnt down and when it was rebuilt by the Romans it was surrounded by a wall. That area within the wall is now called the City of London. It is London's commercial and business centre. It contains the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the head offices of numerous companies and corporations. Here is situated the Tower of London. The Tower was built by William the Conqueror who conquered England in 1066. He was crowned at Westminster Abbey. Now most of the Government buildings are located there. During the Tudor period (16th century) London became an important economic and financial centre. The Londoners of the Elizabethan period built the first theatres. Nowadays the theatre land is stretched around Piccadilly Circus. Not far from it one can see the British Museum and the Covent Garden Opera House. During the Victorian period (19th century) London was one of the most important centres of the Industrial Revolution and the centre of the British Empire. Today London is a great political centre, a great commercial centre, a paradise for theatre-goers and tourists, but it is also a very quiet place with its parks and its ancient buildings, museums and libraries. ____________________ capital — столица to found — основывать surrounded — окруженный crowned — коронованный Westminster Abbey — Вестминстерское аббатство theatreland — район театров paradise — рай ancient — древний 1. Answer the questions: 1. What is the capital of England and the United Kingdom? 2. Who was the founder of London? 3. How did the Romans call London? 3. What is the City? 4. When and whom was the Tower built by? 5. Where are the Government buildings situated? 6. When were the first theatres built? 7. What was London like during the Victorian period (19th century)? 8. What is London like today? 2. Translate the following sentences into Engish. 1) Территория, окруженная стеной, сейчас называется Сити. 2) Он был построен Вильгельмом Завоевателем, завоевавшим Англию в 1066 году, коронованным в Вестминстерском аббатстве. 3) Лондон является столицей Англии и одновременно столицей Великобритании. 4) Лондон был основан римлянами в 43-м году н. э. и назывался Лондиниум. 5) Во время викторианского периода (XIX век) Лондон был одним из наиболее важных центров промышленной революции и центром Британской империи. 6) Лондонцы периода правления Елизаветы построили первые театры. 7) Сейчас район театров расположен вокруг Пикадилли. Недалеко отсюда можно увидеть Британский музей и Королевский Придворный оперный театр. 8) Сейчас Лондон — важный политический центр, большой коммерческий центр, рай для театралов и туристов, но это также и тихое место с прекрасными парками, древними сооружениями, музеями и библиотеками. London London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. It's one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is more than million people. London is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old and beautiful. It was founded more than two thousand years ago. Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, the West End, the East End and Westminster. The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. The heart of the City is the Stock Exchange. Westminster is the most important part of the capital. It's the administrative centre. The Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Government, are situated there. It is a very beautiful building with two towers and a very big clock called Big Ben. Big Ben is really the bell which strikes every quarter of an hour. Opposite the Houses of Parliament is Westminster Abbey. It is a very beautiful church built over 900 years ago. The tombs of many great statesmen, scientists and writers are there. To the west of Westminster is the West End. Here we find most of the big shops, hotels, museums, art galleries, theatres and concert halls. Piccadilly Circus is the heart of London's West End. You can also see wide streets with beautiful houses, many parks, gardens and squares in the West End. To the east of Westminster is the East End, an industrial district of the capital. There are no parks or gardens in the East End and you can't see many fine houses in the West End. Most of the plants and factories are situated there. London has many places of interest. One of them is Buckingham Palace. It's the residence of the Queen. The English are proud of Trafalgar Square, which was named so in memory of the victory at the battle. The English fleet defeated the fleet of France and Spain under Nelson’s command in 1805. Another sight which is worth seeing is the British Museum, the biggest museum in London. The museum is famous for its library - one of the richest in the world. The streets of London tell us their all long-past history. There are many streets in London which are known all over the world. Among them are Oxford Street, Downing Street, Fleet Street and a lot of others. And tourists are usually attracted not only by the places of interest but by the streets too. In conclusion, I should say if you are lucky enough to find yourself in London some day you will have a lot to see and enjoy there. ____________________ tower - башня tomb - могила battle - битва in conclusion - в заключение 1. Answer the questions: 1. When was London founded? 2. Which parts is London divided into? 3. What is the heart of the City? 4. What places of interest do you know in London? 5. The streets of London tell us its all long-past history, do not they? Why? 3. Agree or disagree with the following statements; add some more information. 1. The UK occupies the territory of the British Isles. 2. The UK is washed by many seas and the oceans. 3. Many rivers are flowing through Great Britain. 4. There are many beautiful parks in the West End.  The United States of America (1)  There are fifty states in the United States of America. Two of these states, Alaska and Hawaii, are not connected to the other states. The US is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west, by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, by the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico in the south. In the north Great Lakes are situated. As it was announced on January 1, 2013, the United States had a total resident population of 315,260,000, making it the third most populous country in the world. The United States is a young country. Its written history is only a few hundred years old. It is sometimes called the "New World". Over the last 400 years millions of people have come to start a new life in this "New World". The people of the United States are a mixture of many different nationalities. These different people brought to their new land a wonderful mixture of customs and traditions. The German brought Christmas trees. The Irish brought St. Patrick's Day celebrations. The Scots brought Halloween. The US has never had an official language, but English has always been the main language spoken in the country. Spanish is the second most common language in the USA. The US government has three branches. The first branch is the Congress. The Congress is the meeting of representatives from all states. The people elect those representatives. The Congress makes the laws that everybody must obey. The Congress meets in the US Capitol in Washington, D.C. and divided into two parts, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Every state, no matter how large or small, sends two people to the Senate. These people are called senators. There are one hundred senators in the Senate. They are elected for six years. Each state also sends people to the House of Representatives. They are called congressmen or congresswomen. The number of congressmen from each state depends on the number of people who live in the state. All in all there are 425 congressmen in the House of Representatives. A representative's term is two years. The Constitution gives many powers to the Congress. One important power of the Congress is the power to declare wars. The 2nd branch of government is the President and his helpers. They carry out the laws that the Congress makes. The President signs bills and then they become laws. The Vice President and members of the Cabinet help the President to make decisions. The US President is Commander in Chief of the country's armed forces. A person who wants to become the President must be at least 35 years old and must live in the United States for at least 14 years. The President’s term is four years and one can be President for one or two terms, but not longer. The 3rd branch of government is the Supreme Court. It is made up of nine judges - the most important judges in the land. They have to make sure that the President and the Congress follow the Constitution. Americans are very proud of their Constitution. It was written more than 200 years ago and it is still working! 1. Put ten questions to the text. 2. Try to match up adjectives in column A with the nouns in column B to form meaningful phrases: A B
|
Похожие:
 | Conference topics |  | Конспект открытого урока по английскому языку в 7 классе Тема : English-speaking countries Оборудование: компьютер, проектор, интерактивная доска ActivBoard, флипчарт “English-speaking countries”, аудиоприложение к учебнику... |
| Программа предназначена обучению английскому языку по умк "Enjoy English" (3класс) Умк enjoy English" (3 класс) включает учебник "Enjoy English" (3 класс), рабочую тетрадь учеников, аудиоприложение (аудиокассеты,... | | Рабочая программа по предмету «Английский язык» умк «Enjoy English» М. З. Биболетова «Enjoy English» (Биболетова М. З., Трубанева Н. Н.), рекомендованной Минобрнауки, к умк «Enjoy English: учебник английского языка... |
| Тема: English-speaking countries (Англо-говорящие страны) ПК, проектор, учебник “Enjoy English-7” под ред. Биболетовой М. З.; карточки с заданиями; ммп | | Программа по формированию навыков безопасного поведения на дорогах... «Happy English ru» для 6 классов, диск «Happy English ru», раздаточный материал |
| Программа по формированию навыков безопасного поведения на дорогах... «English- speaking Countries». Our round will be English and Russian in turn. Taking part in the game are tenth-and eleventh-form... | | Программа по формированию навыков безопасного поведения на дорогах... Оборудование: учебник «Enjoy English»; М. З. Биболетовой Медиаматериалы – обучающая компьютерная программа к учебнику «Enjoy English... |
| Влияние гендерного фактора на выбор тематики новостей: в Америке пытаются найти причины Материал опубликован: Silvia Nohbloch-Westerwich & Scott Alter. The Gender News Use Divide: Americans’ Sex-Typed Selective Exposure... | | Конспект урока по теме: Russia and English-speaking countries (умк... Умк “Enjoy English”для 9 класса, под редакцией М. З. Биболетовой, Е. Е. Бабушис, Н. Д. Снежко |
| Правительство Российской Федерации Государственное образовательное... Студентам 1 курса факультета Бизнес-информатики для изучения английского языка предлагаются два блока: блок "Business English" и... | | Учебнику М. З. Биболетовой «Еnjoy English 3». Тема: «Изучаем английскую... Урок по английскому языку в 5 классе по учебнику М. З. Биболетовой «Еnjoy English 3» |
| Учебник «Enjoy English 3» Тема урока «Рождество» План-конспект открытого урока по английскому языку в 3 классе по теме «Рождество» (к умк м. З. Биболетовой «Enjoy English 3») | | Пояснительная записка умк «Happy English ru» Умк «Happy English ru» для 5-9-х классов, которая входит в Федеральный перечень умк, рекомендованных Министерством образования и... |
| Программа по формированию навыков безопасного поведения на дорогах... Ооо «Книжный Дом», Экзаменационный Центр lt-pro, направление Pearson Tests of English приглашает вас на методический семинар для... | | Урока Предмет английский язык Класс 7 Тема урока What Do English-speaking... Цель урока: Формирование коммуникативной компетенции по теме “English speaking-countries” |
