English topics

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Название	English topics
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Дата публикации	12.03.2015
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Тип	Учебно-методическое пособие

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3. Complete the following sentences in a logical way:

1. The Unites States of America is ... .

2. The US is washed by ... .

3. It borders ... .

4. The USA can be divided into ... .

5. Many river sare flowing ... .

6. The north-eastern part of the USA comprises ... .

7. The United States had a total resident population of ... .

8. The US is sometimes called ... .

9. The US has never had ... .

10. Spanish is ... .

11. The US consists of ... .

12. The President is ... .

13. The people of the United States are ... .
4. Talk on one of these topics:

1) The Rivers in the USA.

2) The Five Great Lakes.

3) The Population of the USA.

4) The Great Seal.

The USA (2)
The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada and China). It occupies the southern part of North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. It also includes Alaska in the north and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the country is about nine and a half million square kilometres. The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It also has a sea boarder with Russia.

The USA is made up of 50 states and the District of Columbia where the capital of the country, Washington, is situated. The population of the country is about 300 million.

If we look at the map of the USA, we can see lowlands and mountains. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera, and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak is Mount McKinley, which is located in Alaska.

America's largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande, and the Columbia. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and deepest in the USA.

The climate of the country varies greatly. The coldest regions are in the north. The climate of Alaska is arctic. The climate of the central part of the country is continental. The south has subtropical climate. Hot winds blowing from the Gulf of Mexico often bring typhoons. The climate along the Pacific coast is much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast.

The USA is a highly developed industrial country. It is the leading producer of copper and oil and the world’s second producer of iron ore and coal. On the industrial enterprises of the country they produce aircrafts, cars, textiles, radio and television sets, weapon, furniture, and paper.

Though mainly European and African in origin, the Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations, including the Chinese and the Native Americans — Indians.

The largest cities are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San Francisco, and others.

The United States is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, each of which has its own government. The seat of the central (federal) government is Washington, D. C. According to the Constitution of the USA, the powers of the government are divided into 3 branches: the executive, headed by the President, the legislative, exercised by the Congress, and the juridical. The Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are two main political parties in the USA: the Republican and the Democratic.
1. Agree or disagree with the following statements; add some more information:

1. The USA is the fourth largest country in the world in area.

2. The USA is the third largest country in the world in population.

3. The climate along the Pacific coast is much colder than that of the Atlantic coast.

4. The USA consists of 50 states and the District of Columbia.

5. The USA has the national emblems.

2. Find the Russian equivalents of the English sentences.

a)development	развитие
b)to hold	судебный
c)leading	разделять
d)powerful	преобладание
e)coast	представлять
g)to be washed by	держать
h) separate	исполнительный
i)dominance	побережье
j)branch	отдельный
k)to divide	омываться
l)legislative	ведущий
m)executive	состоять
n)judicial	ветвь, отрасль
o)to represent	могущественный, мощный

Washington, D.C. (1)
The city of Washington, the capital of the United States of America, is located in the District of Columbia (DC for short). Many people consider Washington DC to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It is filled with many parks, wide streets and impressive buildings. In the centre of the city, in Capitol Park, visitors' eyes focus on the Capitol, where the Congress meets to make laws. Many visitors come to Washington DC to see the White House. It is the greatest attraction for many of them. The White House, the official residence of the President, is situated at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. The largest room in this building is the East Room, the scene of many state receptions, balls and musicals. Other famous rooms are the Green Room, the Blue Room, the Red Room, which are used for afternoon teas and for receptions held before state dinners.

The Blue Room, the most formal of these "colours" room is an oval-shaped room connecting the Green and the Red Rooms. On the second floor, the floor with the family quarters and quests rooms is the Lincoln Room, which one served as an office for President Lincoln but today serves as an honour guest room. In this room Lincoln signed the emancipation proclamation of 1863.

Other landmarks in Washington DC include memorials to three Presidents: The Washington Memorial, The Lincoln Memorial and The Jefferson Memorial; The Library of Congress, The National Gallery of Art, The John F. Kennedy centre for the Performing Arts. The Capitol is in the very centre of Washington. It is located on the Capitol Hill, the highest point in the city. The Capitol is the highest building in Washington. There is a law in Washington not to construct buildings higher than the Capitol. The corner stone of the Capitol was laid by George Washington on September 18th, 1793. The Capitol is the seat of the government of the United States of America.

Washington, D.C. (2)
The beautiful city of Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States and the centre of its government. The capital was named after the first president George Washington and was founded in 1790. It is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. Washington is not the largest city in the USA. It has about 900 000 inhabitants. Washington D.C. has nothing characteristically American in it, as its conception is purely French. It has long wide avenues, gardens, beautiful parks and no skyscrapers at all. Washington is the residence of the President and the Congress of the USA. The White House is the President's residence, the Capitol — the seat of the American Congress. The largest and the tallest among the buildings is the Capitol with its great House of Representatives and Senate Chamber. There are no skyscrapers because no other building must be taller than the Capitol. All American presidents except George Washington (the White House was not yet built in his time) lived in the White House. It was built in 1799. Washington is a large scientific and cultural centre, where there are many research institutes, five universities, the National Academy of Science and the Library of Congress. There is one well-known building in Washington - Pentagon, the residence of the US Military department. It is situated in the suburbs to the south of the Potomac.
1. Prepare the summary about Washington D.C. and retell it.
2. Find the Russian equivalents of the English sentences.

Washongton, D. C.	Вашингтон, округ Колумбия

1)Washington was named after the first US President George Washington. He selected the place for the capital and Pierre L' Enfant, a French engineer, designed the city. 2)Washington was settled in 1790 and since 1800 it has been the Federal capital. 3)In the very centre of it rises the huge dome of the Capitol — a big white dome standing on a circle of pillars. The 535 members of the Congress meet here to discuss the nation's affairs. It's easy to get lost in this huge building, full of paintings and statues. 4)The White House is the official residence of the US President. He works in the Oval Office. 5)There are no skyscrapers in Washington, because they would hide the city's many monuments from view. No building in the city may be more than 40 metres tall.	a) Недалеко от Капитолия находится Библиотека Конгресса, самая крупная библиотека в Соединенных Штатах. В ней содержится более 13 миллионов книг, более 19 миллионов рукописей, включая личные бумаги американских президентов. b) Белый Дом — официальная резиденция американского Президента. Он работает в Овальном кабинете. c)Вашингтон был назван в честь первого американского Президента Джорджа Вашингтона. Он выбрал место для столицы, а французский инженер Пьер Льен-фан выполнил проект города. d) Вашингтон был заселен в 1790 г., а с 1800 г. он является федеральной столицей. e) В самом центре города возвышается огромный купол Капитолия — большой белый купол, опирающийся на круг колонн. Здесь встречаются 535 членов Конгресса, чтобы обсудить дела страны. В этом огромном здании, где очень много картин и статуй, легко заблудиться.
6)Not far from the Capitol is the Library of Congress, the largest library in the States. It contains more than 13 million books and more than 19 million manuscripts, including the personal papers of the US Presidents. 7)One can hardly find a park, a square or an open area in Washington without a monument or a memorial. 8)There are some important museums in Washington where you can see all kinds of things: famous paintings and sculptures, the dresses of Presidents' wives, the original of the Declaration of Independence, the largest blue diamond in the world, etc.	f)В Вашингтоне вряд ли найдется парк, площадь или открытое пространство без памятника или мемориала. g)В Вашингтоне есть замечательные музеи, где можно увидеть все что угодно: известные картины и скульптуры, платья президентских жен, оригинал Декларации о Независимости, самый крупный в мире голубой алмаз и т. п. h)В Вашингтоне нет небоскребов, так как они закрыли бы вид на многие городские памятники. Ни одно здание города не должно превышать 40 метров.

3. Prepare the report “Washington, D.C. is worth seeing”.

The Russian Federation
The Russian Federation (Russia) is the world’s largest country in area. It extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Black Sea and from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean. It is located in Europe and Asia. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometres. Russia borders many countries, such as Finland, the Ukrain, the Baltic States, China, Mongolia, and others.

The surface of Russia is various. You can see lowlands and highlands, forests and wide grasslands on its territory. There are many rivers and lakes in our country. Lake Baikal in Siberia is the world’s deepest lake.

There are different climatic zones on the vast area of our country.

Russia has abundant natural resources. Three quarters of the mineral wealth are concentrated in Siberia and in the Far East.

The population of Russia is over 143 million people. Most of Russia’s people are ethnic Russians, but more than 100 minority nationalities also live in our country. The official language is Russian. The capital of Russia is Moscow.

The head of the state is the President, who is commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The head of the government is the Prime Minister.

The Russian flag has three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. Besides the flag, there is another national symbol of Russia. It is a two-headed eagle.
1. Fill in the missing words in the following sentences; the first letter of each word has been given to help you.

1. Russia b... many different countries.

2. On the vast Russia area you can see wide g... .

3. Lake Baikal in Siberia is the world’s d... lake.

4. Russia has a... natural resources.

5. Most of m... wealth are concentrated in Siberia and in the Far East.

6. The head of the g... is the Prime Minister.

7. The national s... of Russia is a two-headed eagle.
2. Agree or disagree with the following statements; add some more information.

1. Russia borders many countries.

2. The area of the Russian Federation is not large.

3. The surface is the same on the vast territory of Russia.

4. Russia has abundant natural resources.

5. More than 160 million people live in Russia.
3. Complete the following sentences.

1. The Russian Federation is ... .

2. It extends ... .

3. Russia borders ... .

4. Its total area is ... .

5. The population of Russia is ... .

6. The capital of the country is ... .

7. The head of the state is ... .

8. The Russian flag has ... .

2. Make up and retell a text about Russia to your English friend.

Russia (2)
Imagine you are telling your foreign guest about Russia. What main points (geography, political system, economy, culture) would you touch upon ?
The first thing I am going to tell my foreign visitor about is the geography and climate of Russia, as the geographical position and climate of a country influence the country's economy; the second reason is that they influence lifestyles and the health of its people, as well as the national character. The Russian Federation or Russia is the largest country in the world. Its vast territory lies in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. The country is washed by three oceans (the Arctic, the Atlantic, the Pacific) and twelve seas (the White Sea, the Barents Sea, the Okhotsk Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Azov Sea and others). Russia borders on many countries: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania in the north, China, Mongolia, North Korea and others in the south-east, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine in the west, and others. The land of Russia varies very much from forests to deserts, from high mountains to deep valleys. Mountain ranges are found along the southern borders, such as the Caucasus and the Altai, and in the eastern parts, such as the Verkhoyansk Range. The Caucasus contains Mount Elbrus, Russia's and Europe's highest point at 5,633 m. The more central Ural Mountains, a north-south range that forms the primary divide between Europe and Asia, are also notable. There are a lot of great rivers and deep lakes in the country. Notable rivers of Russia in Europe are the Volga, the Don, the Kama, the Oka and the Northern Dvina, while several other rivers originate in Russia but flow into other countries, such as the Dnieper and the Western Dvina. In Asia, important rivers are the Ob, the Irtysh, the Yenisei, the Angara, the Lena, the Amur and the Kolyma. The largest lakes are Baikal, Ladoga and Onega.

Baikal is the deepest fresh-water lake in the world and its water is the purest on Earth. The climate of Russia is varied, from arctic and subarctic in the north, continental in the centre, to subtropical in the south.

The Russian Federation is extremely rich in natural and mineral resources. It has deposits of oil, gas, iron, gold, non-ferrous metals and many other minerals.

The second thing I am going to speak about is Russia's economy as I believe economy is a foundation of any country's life.

The economy of Russia is going through a transitional period from the centrally planned socialist economy to a market economy. After the collapses of the Soviet Union in 1991 the greater part of industries were privatized, agriculture and land underwent partial privatization later and are still undergoing it. After the crisis of 1997 and the depreciation of the rouble followed by sharp deterioration in living standards for most of the population, Russia's economy faced recession. The economy started recovering in 1999, partially because of high export prices on oil and gas which Russia is rich in. Russia is still heavily dependent on export of oil, gas and timber, while its industrial and farming sectors are still weak as compared with those of the developed countries, but the rate of economic growth of the country is very high. If the rate is the same within a period of several years, Russia will be the second largest European economy after Germany.

The third point I am going to touch upon is Russia's political system.

The current population of Russia is about 143 million people. The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow, with a population of about 11 million people.

Russia is a parliamentary republic. Head of State in the country is President, directly elected for a four-year term, which has considerable executive power and is head of the executive branch of the government. The government consists of three branches: legislative (the Federal Assembly, consisting of the Federation Council and the State Duma), executive (the government or the Cabinet of Ministers) and judicial (the system of courts, including the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and other courts). The national flag of Russia is a white-blue-and-red banner. The national language of the Russian Federation is Russian. The Orthodox Church is the dominant religion in Russia.

And finally, I am going to speak about Russian culture.

Russian culture abounds in names which are famous all over the world. Actually, there is no field in science or arts where Russia failed to contribute to the world's intellectual and artistic treasure-houses.

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