English topics
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Put ten questions to the texts. 2. Fill in the missing words in the following sentences; the first letter of each word has been given to help you. 1. Tatarstan is in the east-central part of E... Russia. 2. The Volga f... north-south across the western end of the republic. 3. The republic’s diversified economy centres on p... production, i... and a... . 4. The c... industry has developed chiefly at Kazan. 5. A heavy freight t... moves along the rivers. 6. Another line runs north-south t... the Volga right-bank area. 3. Give a short summary about the republic.  My native city (Kazan)My native city is Kazan. It is the capital of Tatarstan. It is situated on the picturesque banks of the Volga river. Kazan is an important centre of industry, economy, science and culture. The population of the city is over one million people. Kazan has numerous higher educational institutions and universities with many students, who master the professions of doctors, teachers, engineers, lawyers and others. Kazan is a cultural centre. There are a lot of museums in the city. One can enjoy himself visiting the Museum of Fine Arts and Exhibition Hall. Beautiful masterpieces of Shishkin, Vasiliev and other painters are represented here. If you are a keen theatre-goer, you may visit performances at the Opera House, at the Tatar Drama or Russian Drama Theatres. One cannot help admiring the beautiful white-wall Kremlin, old churches, mosques, cosy streets, monuments in Kazan. We are proud of many famous people who lived and worked in Kazan. The names of the scientists Lobachevsky, Butlerov, Zinin, the great poets G. Tukai and M. Jalil, the composers S. Saydashev and S. Gubaydullina are known all over the world. Besides Kazan is one of the most important economic centres of the Russian Federation. Large enterprises produce planes, helicopters, compressors, computer systems, optics, chemicals, clothes, consumer goods and so on. Kazan is a large transport centre too: there is a river port, a railway station and an airport. Many businessmen and tourists visit our republic and its capital. I love my native city. ____________________ native - родной important - важный to master - овладевать masterpiece - шедевр to be represented – быть представленным one cannot help admiring – нельзя не вохищаться helicopter - вертолет church - церковь mosque - мечеть keen theatre-goer – большой любитель театра 1. Complete the sentences. 1. Kazan is situated on ... . 2. Kazan is a cultural ... . 3. If you are a keen theatre-goer, you may ... . 4. One cannot help admiring the beautiful ... in Kazan. 5. Large enterprises produce ... in Kazan. 2. Put five questions to the texts.  3. Make up and retell a text about the sights of Kazan. A Short History of Kazan City (1)Kazan is the capital and a major historic, cultural, and economic center of the republic of Tatarstan in Russia. It is located on the left bank of the Volga River where the Kazanka River joins it, eighty-five kilometers north of the Kama tributary. In 2010 it had an estimated population of 1 196 738. The traditional understanding is that the name comes from the Turkic and Volga Tatar word “qazan”, meaning “kettle”. The Bulgars founded Iski (Old) Kazan in the thirteenth century as one of the successors to their state, which had been destroyed by the Mongols. During the first half of the sixteenth century, the khanate of Kazan was involved in a three-cornered struggle with Muscovy and the Crimean khanate for influence in the western steppe area. Ivan IV conquered the city in 1552, ending the Khanate of Kazan. Muscovy then used Kazan as an advanced staging area for further expansion down the Volga. In 1555 the archepiscopal see of Kazan was established. From the late sixteenth century on, Kazan was the gateway to Siberia, as people and supplies were funneled through the town en route to the east, and furs and minerals were brought to the west. It was made the capital of the Volga region in 1708, and Peter I had the ships for his Persian campaign built there. During the eighteenth century, light industry and food production developed, as well as a theater, which led to a number of similar theaters being founded in the nineteenth century. In 1804 the University of Kazan was founded, which helped to establish the city as an intellectual center. The first provincial newspaper was published there in 1811. Kazan was also considered a major manufacturing center, the products of which included prepared furs, leather manufacture, shoes, and soap. In the 1930s heavy industry developed, such as aircraft production and transportation and agricultural machinery. More recent industries include the production of chemicals, electrical engineering, and precision equipment, as well as oil refining. In 1945 the Kazan branch of the Academy of Sciences was established. Presently, Kazan has a philharmonic society, a museum of Tatar culture, and a theater devoted to the production of Tatar operas and ballets. ________________________________ estimated – предполагаемый kettle – котелок struggle – бороться conquer – завоевывать expansion – увеличение; пространство funnel – выходить; проводить 1. Put ten questions to the texts. 2. Try to retell the story to your foreign friend. Appendix Неправильные глаголы английского языка (Irregular verbs)
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