Учебно-методический комплекс по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» составлен в соответствии с требованиями Государственного образовательного стандарта высшего профессионального образования,

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Название	Учебно-методический комплекс по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» составлен в соответствии с требованиями Государственного образовательного стандарта высшего профессионального образования,
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Дата публикации	22.05.2015
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Тип	Учебно-методический комплекс

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Great Towns, Cities

You may wish to begin exploring England with the sights and shops of London, but there are many other fascinating cities that you should visit during your stay. Only an hour or so from the capital is Cambridge, the famous university town. There are many museums, colleges open to the public, good shops, walks along the river, and boats for hire.
To the west lies Stratford-on-Avon, an attractive town, famous as the birthplace of William Shakespeare in the 16th century. A day here must include a trip to a performance by the Royal Shakespeare Company at the Royal Shakespeare or Swan Theatre.
In eastern England is Norwich, a proud city with narrow, winding alleyways, antique shops, a large outdoor market, cosy pubs and coffee shops. The city's cathedral is a magnificent piece of architecture, and there is even a castle completed with dungeons!
At the geographical heart of England there is the vibrant city of Birmingham with its excellent shopping and entertainment to cater for every taste. The visitor will also find a legacy of attractive Victorian architecture and the intricate network of canals as evidence of a rich industrial heritage.

Manchester is another warm-hearted city. Innovative attractions include the Museum of Science and Industry, the Air and Space Museum and the Cranada Studios Tour, where visitors can explore the sets of famous television shows like Coronation Street, or sit on the Back Benches of a lifesize House of Commons.
Further north is the city of Durham, which boasts a massive 11th-century castle standing opposite a beautiful cathedral. Both are situated on cliffs, high above the river Wear, which snakes around them. There are also narrow, cobbled streets, ancient building, and a market square which comes to life each Saturday.

II. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 3, 5 и 6 предложения со словами, оформленными окончанием -s, и переведите их на русский язык.

Выпишите из абзацев 1, 2, 3, 5 и 6 словосочетания, в которых определения выражены существительными, и переведите их на русский язык.
Выпишите из абзацев 1 и 2 предложения, в которых встречаются модальные глаголы, и переведите их на русский язык.

V. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 3 и 6 предложения со
словом there и переведите их на русский язык.

VI. Прочитайте следующие предложения; перепишите и переведите письменно предложение, которое правильно передает содержание текста:

In London there are many museums open to the public.
In London there are not many museums open to the public.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2
Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить задание 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы грамматики английского языка:

Видо-временные формы глагола:

активный залог: формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);
пассивный залог: формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future).

Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.

Модальные глаголы:

выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола can – to be able to;
выражающие долженствование: must, его эквиваленты to have to, to be to; should.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I, Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства; Gerund (герундий), простые формы.

4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.

5. Интернациональные слова.
Вариант 1
I. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Corporation

A corporation is a business organization authorized by the state to conduct business and is a separate legal entity from its owners. It is the dominant form of American business because it makes it possible to gather large amounts of capital together.
Before a corporation may do business, it must apply for and receive a charter from the state. The state must approve the articles of incorporation, which describe the basic purpose and structure of the proposed corporation.
The stockholders usually meet once a year to elect directors and to carry on other important business. Each share of stock entitles its owner to one vote. A stock holder who cannot attend the meeting can legally authorize another to vote his or her shares by proxy.
Management of a corporation consists of the board of directors who decide corporate policy, and the officers, who carry on the daily operations. The board is elected by the stockholders, and the officers are appointed by the board.
Some specific duties of the board of directors are to declare dividends, authorize contracts, decide on executive salaries, and arrange major loans with banks. Management's main means of reporting the corporations financial position and results of operations is its annual report.

The corporation form of business has several advantages over the sole proprietorship and partnership. It is a separate legal entity and offers limited liability to the owners, ease of capital generation and ease of transfer of ownership. In addition, it allows centralized authority, responsibility and professional management.
The corporation form of business also has several disadvantages. It is subject to greater government regulation and double taxation. In addition, separation of ownership and control may allow management to make harmful decisions.

II. Ответьте на вопросы:

Why is a corporation the dominant form of American business?
How often do the stockholders usually meet?
What does management of a corporation consist of?
What can a stockholder do if he cannot attend the meeting?
What advantages has the corporate form of business?

Найдите в тексте термин stock и уточните его значение в данном контексте.
Вместо пропуска вставьте подходящее слово. Переведите на рус. яз.

board of directors, stockholders, business, disadvantages, advantages

1. A corporation is the dominant form of American … .

2. Management of a corporation consists of the … .

The board of directors is elected by the ... .
The corporation form of business has several... over the sole proprietorship.
The corporate form of business also has several … .

V. Найдите в тексте производные от следующих слов:

to elect, to own, to manage, to add.
Вариант 2
I. Прочитайте и переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1,2.

Unctad’VII and After

1. The world economy in the 1980s has been characterized by a low-down in growth of demand and output, compared with the preceding two decades, generally lower rates of inflation, difficulties in many countries in adapting to structural changes, a mounting stock of debt, high real interest rates, high and increasing levels of protection, commodity prices depressed to their lowest level in 50 years, terms-of-trade losses sustained by commodity exporting countries, and a generally insecure economic environment in which million of people still lack the basic conditions for a decent life.

2. In this difficult global economic situation, there has been a diversity of socio-economic experiences. Developed market-eсonomy countries have succeeded in curbing inflation and in maintaining steady, though slow, growth, but unemployment levels are still high and external payments imbalances remain excessive in some of these countries. On account of their dominant share in world trade, the impact of their slow growth has been transmitted to other countries which had to reckon with it as a significant factor in policy formulation. Growth has slowed also in countries of Eastern Europe.

3. Most developing countries had to retrench; they have been unable to consolidate and build upon the economic and social progress which they had achieved during the two preceding decades. In the 1980s, the average per capita income of the developing countries as a whole fell further behind that of the developed countries. Indeed, per capita incomes declined in most countries in Latin America and in sub-Saharan Africa. Nevertheless, a number of more industrialized export-led economies of East Asia, and the larger Asian low-income economies, have continued to grow.

Примечание. UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - Конференция ООН по торговле и развитию, ЮНКТ АД.

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

What were the main tendencies in the world economy in the 1980s?
What did developed market economy countries succeed in?
Who had the dominant share in world trade?
Did the average per capita income of the developing countries fall further behind that of the developed countries?
What was the situation like in more industrialized export-led economies of East Asia?

III. Найдите в тексте слово demand и уточните его
значение в данном контексте.

IV. Вместо пропусков вставьте подходящее слово. Переведите на предложения на русский язык.

rate, level, incomes, debt, share

The external ... of many developing countries is growing.
The ... of developing countries in world trade is still not very great.
The ... of inflation must be curbed.
Unemployment... is still high in many developed countries.
Per capita ... have declined in many countries.

Найдите однокоренные слова для следующих слов:

basis, employment, industry, to pay, to formulate.
Вариант 3
I. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1,2.

Impact of Trade Restrictions

1. The 1980s have also been a time of complexity for economic policy-makers in both developed and developing countries. Increasing unpredictability
has been manifested in the unilateral adoption of trade restrictions specific to countries and products, and in the appearance of massive and often distorting flows of funds within and across international currency and commodity markets.
Associated with these phenomena have been interrelated problems arising from currency misalignments, persistent payments inbalances, an uneven distribution of international liquidity, and net outflows of financial resources from many developing countries.

2. Both policy-makers and entrepreneurs are being challenged by an acceleration in the pace of structural changes which are very difficult to harness. These changes can be traced to a number of underlying factors, the most important of which are the impact of scientific advance and applied technology, and government policy. These factors are affecting production, consumption and trade patterns; producing far-reaching developments in the service sector, particularly financial services, and in commodity markets; significantly altering employment patterns; and leading to shifts in international competitiveness.

3. Many countries-developed and developing alike, including the least developed countries are investing substantial efforts in adjusting their economies to these new realities in pursuit of their national objectives. They are also reappraising the respective roles of the public and private sectors in the economy. However, while some have made progress in recent years in reducing or eliminating growth-retarding distortions and rigidities by enhancing the structural flexibility of their economies, much remains to be done.

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

What was the result of structural changes in the 1980s?
What factors were affecting production?
In what way were developed and developing countries trying to adjust their economies to new conditions?
What countries were reappraising their respective roles in the public and private sectors of the economy?
What were the main problems for economic policy makers in the 1980s?

III. Найдите в тексте слово funds и уточните его значение в данном контексте.

IV. Вместо пропусков вставьте подходящее слово
или словосочетание. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

pace, consumption, objective, shift, the public sector

The role ... in Russian economy is diminishining.
The ... of National development must be clearly formulated.
The ... of production growth is being discussed at the conference.

The ... of basic commodities is steadily increasing.
The recent years have seen ... to market economies in many countries.

Найдите однокоренные слова для следующих слов:

to develop, to restrict, investment, competitive,
nation.
Вариант 4
I. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2, 3.

The Economy of Great Britain

1. Britain was a pioneer in the industrial revolution and has retained a manufacturing base of fundamental importance to the economy (accounting
for some 25 per cent of gross domestic product - GDP) in spite of a rapid growth in the services sector (nearly two-thirds of GDP).

Petroleum and natural gas now account for 4 per cent of GDP and agriculture for 2 per cent (supplying more than half country's food). Britain has become self-sufficient in oil with the development of resources in the continental shelf under the North Sea. Although this has brought great economic benefits, it has contributed to problems of economic adjustment: the external value of sterling is partially influenced by the position in the international oil market, and this may cause strains in Britain's international trade.

2. The economy is based largely on private enterprises but has some major publicly owned industries (notably coal, steel, gas, electricity and railways)
and a few joint enterprises. The Government is reducing the size of the public sector, returning parts of the steel, transport, telecommunications and aerospace industries, for example, to private enterprise.

3. The working population is just over 26 million (in a total population of 56 million) of which 7 per cent are self-employed. Just under 40 per cent are women. Unemployment has risen to around 3 million.

4. Britain exports over 30 per cent of its GDP. Machinery and transport equipment account for about one-third of exports while finished manufactures comprise over one-third of imports. A recent trend has been the large fall in oil imports and the emergence of a significant export trade. The Federal Republic of Germany and the United States are Britain's leading trading partners. Britain's fellow members in the European Community accounted for 43 per cent of its exports and 41 per cent of imports in 1990, compared with 30 and 32 per cent respectively in 1972.

Earnings from invisible exports, including financial and other services, are about half as much as those from visible exports.

The Government aims to defeat inflation through firm fiscal and monetary policies, increasing competition, reducing the rise in public expenditure and restoring incentives to industry, particularly small businesses.

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

What is the fundamental importance to the economy of Great Britain?

What natural resources is Great Britain rich in?

3. What branches of industry in Great Britain do you know?

4. What does Great Britain export?

6. Which countries are Britain's leading trading partners?

Найдите в тексте слово value и уточните его значение в данном контексте.

Вместо пропусков вставьте подходящее слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

oil, sterling, account, based, public

The economy of Great oil Britain is ... largely on private enterprises.
Britain has become self- sufficient in ... with the development of resources in the continental shelf under the North Sea.

3. The external value of ... is partially influenced by
the position in the international oil market.

4. Petroleum and natural gas ... for 4 per cent of GDP.

5. The Government is reducing the size of the ... sector.

Найдите производные слова от следующих слов: to employ, to develop, economy, to adjusts, part

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