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Exercise 3. Определите залог глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык: Variant -1 1. It is not made of metal, it is made of wood. 2. Was he cured after that? 3. Doctor N. cured him. 4. Shall we do it tomorrow? - Yes, this work must be done as soon as possible. 5. Who has broken the window, not you, Bob? 6. When his money was spent Bob wrote a letter to his uncle Albert. 7. Did you have much trouble with your English? 8. We enjoyed his concert very much. 9. Has that letter been already delivered? 10. The turkey was brought and put on the table. Variant -2
10. The child was taken care of. Variant -3 1. As he had long been the director of the technical college he at once recognized the young woman whom he remembered as his student. 2. Are you sending me so far away? I can’t go now. 3. The letter has been sent when they remembered some new facts. 4. Do you send your letters every week? 5. Mary has a telegram congratulating her mother on her birthday. 6. Mother washed the plates after dinner. 7. The Atlantic Ocean washes the eastern part of American continents. 8. The USA is washed by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. 9. Wash your hands and come to eat. 10. The letter was received by them yesterday. Variant -4 1. Don’t awake: she is tired. 2. This was the road leading to the station. 3. Who will lead that group on an excursion? 4. It has been planned to go to the south but suddenly they changed their plans. 5. They were sent to a party of specialists to solve some problems. 6. Write me a letter, I beg you! 7. These poems were written in 1816. 8. These poems written in the 19th century are still actual and vivid. 9. This letter has been written today. 10. These things were bought there. Variant -5
10. The book was translated by them. Exercise 4. Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму:
Exercise 5. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Simple Passive или в Past Simple Passive: Variant -1
Variant -2
Unit 7: My Future Trade. Welder. Text A. Welding Welding is a process when metal parts are joined together by the application of heat pressure or a combination of both. The processes of welding can be divided into two main groups: pressure welding, when the weld is achieved by pressure and heat welding, when the weld is achieved by heat. Heat welding is the most common welding process used today. Nowadays welding is used instead of bolting and riveting in the construction of many types of structures, including bridges, buildings and ships. It is also a basic process in the manufacture of machinery and in the motor and aircraft industries. It is necessary almost in all productions where metals are used. The welding process depends greatly on the properties of the metals, the purpose of their application and the available equipment. Welding processes are classified according to the sources of heat and pressure used. The welding processes widely employed today include gas welding, arc welding, and resistance welding. Other joining processes are laser welding and electron-beam welding. Gas Welding Gas welding is a non-pressure process using heat from a gas flame. The flame is applied directly to the metal edges to be joined and simultaneously to a filler metal in the form of wire or rod, called the welding rod, which is melted to the joint. Gas welding has the advantage of using equipment that is portable and does not require an electric power source. The surfaces to be welded and the welding rod are coated with flux, a fusible material that shields the material from air, which would result in a defective weld. Arc Welding Arc-welding is the most important welding process for joining steels. It requires a continuous supply of either direct or alternating electrical current. This current is used to create an electric arc, which generates enough heat to melt metal and create a weld. Arc welding has several advantages over other welding methods. Arc welding is faster because the concentration of heat is high. Also, fluxes are not necessary in certain methods of arc welding. The most widely used arc-welding processes are shielded metal arc, gas-tungsten arc, gas-metal, and submerged arc. Shielded Metal Arc In shielded metal-arc welding a metallic electrode, whiсh conducts electricity, is coated with flux and connected to a source of electric current. The metal to be welded is connected to the other end of the same source of current. An electric arc is formed by touching the tip of the electrode to the metal and then drawing it away. Words:
Exercise 1. Найдите в тексте все конструкции в пассивном залоге. Exercise 2. Переведите на русский язык: Flame, edge, filler metal, wire, rod, joint, surface, flux, fusible, advantage, heat, pressure, steel, air, equipment, bolting, riveting, to melt, to depend, to coat, electron-beam, to shield, property, simultaneously, continuous . Exercise 3. Поставьте все возможные вопросы к предложению: Gas welding is non-pressure process using heat from a gas flame. Exercise 4. Найдите в правой колонке слова, перевод которых дан в левой колонке:
Exercise 5. Составьте предложения из данного набора слов:
Exercise 6. Дайте английские эквиваленты фразам:
Text B. Other Types of Welding Arc Welding As non-consumable electrodes tungsten or carbon electrodes can be used. In gas-tungsten arc welding a tungsten electrode is used in place of the metal electrode used in shielded metal-arc welding. A chemically inert gas, such as argon, helium, or carbon dioxide is used to shield the metal from oxidation. The heat from the arc formed between the electrode and the metal melts the edges of the metal. Metal for the weld may be added by placing a bare wire in the arc or the point of the weld. This process can be used with nearly all metals and produces a high-quality weld. However, the rate of welding is considerably slower than in other processes. Gas-metal Arc In gas-metal welding bare electrode is shielded from the air by surrounding it with argon or carbon dioxide gas and sometimes by coating the electrode with flux. The electrode is fed into the electric arc, and melts off in droplets that enter the liquid metal of the weld seam. Most metals can be joined by this process. Submerged-arc welding is similar to gas-metal arc welding, but in this process no gas is used to shield the weld. Instead of that, the arc and tip of the wire are submerged beneath a layer of granular, fusible material that covers the weld seam. This process is also called electro slag welding. It is very efficient but can be used only with steels. Resistance Welding In resistance welding heat is obtained from the resistance of metal to the flow of an electric current. Electrodes are clamped on each side of the parts to be welded, the parts are subjected to great pressure, and a heavy current is applied for a short period of time. The point, where the two metals touch, creates resistance to the flow of current. This resistance causes heat, which melts the metals and creates the weld. Resistance welding is widely employed in many fields of sheet metal or wire manufacturing and is often used for welds made by automatic or semi-automatic machines especially in automobile industry. Words:
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