TENDENCIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF CATTLE-BREEDING BRANCH IN THE KEMEROVO REGION Ivanova K.M.
FSEI HPE Kemerovo Agriculture Institute Kemerovo
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЖИВОТНОВОДЧЕСКОЙ ОТРАСЛИ В КЕМЕРОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ Иванова К.М.
ФГОУ ВПО «Кемеровский государственный сельскохозяйственный институт» г. Кемерово
В данной статье рассматривается значение такой ведущей отрасли сельского хозяйства, как животноводство. Также выявляется степень влияния этой отрасли на экономику сельского хозяйства в целом. Рассматриваются цели, задачи, приоритеты, ожидаемые результаты региональной целевой программы «Государственная поддержка агропромышленного комплекса и социального развития села в Кемеровской области на 2008-2011 годы».
Animal industry is one of the leading branches of agriculture. Value of this branch is defined not only by a high share in gross output, but also a greater influence on a rural economy.
The animal industry provides the population with foodstuffs (milk, butter, meat, eggs, etc.) and light industry with raw materials (wool, bristle, meat, milk, etc.) gives live draught force (horses, oxen, donkeys, mules, camels, deer) and organic fertilizers –manure. From products and animal industry wastes some forages (a meatbone flour, a bone flour, etc.) and also various medical products (whey, hormonal preparations, etc.) are received.
Let’s consider tendencies of development of cattle-breeding branch in the Kemerovo region.
Let’s analyze the data about cattle livestock from 2007 to 2009.
Table 1 – A livestock (economies of all categories)
Indicators, thousand animals
|
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
Thousand animals
|
%
|
1. Cattle
|
257,3
|
253,3
|
224
|
-13,3
|
94,8
|
Including cows
|
111,8
|
115,5
|
112,4
|
+0,6
|
100,5
|
2. Pigs
|
337
|
350,8
|
379,4
|
+42,4
|
112,6
|
3. Sheep and goats
|
65,5
|
67,9
|
70
|
+4,5
|
106,9
|
From the data considered in the table we can see that cattle livestock in 2009 has decreased by 5,2% compared with 2007 and by 3,7% compared with 2008. The livestock of pigs has grown by 12,6% and made up 379,4 thousand animals in 2009. The livestock of sheep and goats has increased by 6,9% compared with 2007 and by 3,1% compared with 2008 and made up 70 thousand animals.
Proceeding from the data about a cattle livestock (tab.1), we will consider dynamics of animal industry production in economies of all categories.
Table 2 – Animal industry production (economies of all categories)
Indicators, thousand tons
|
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
Thousand tons
|
%
|
1. Cattle and birds on slaughter in live weight
|
101,5
|
106,2
|
112
|
+10,5
|
110,3
|
2.Milk
|
432,6
|
440
|
426
|
-6,6
|
98,5
|
3. Million eggs
|
728,8
|
745,8
|
686
|
-42,8
|
94,1
|
From the given table we see that in 2009 there was an increase in a volume of meat output by 10,3% compared with 2007 and by 5,5% compared with 2008. Milk production has decreased by 6,6 thousand tons (1,5%) compared with 2007 and by 3,2% compared with 2008. Eggs production has also decreased by 42,8 million compared with 2007.
Having analyzed all data it is possible to come to a conclusion that the increase of output volumes of meat has occurred because of increase in cattle and birds at slaughter that has resulted in increase in realization volumes. Volume of milk production has decreased because of reduction of cows that has accordingly lowered production volume of realization. Also the volume of eggs output and realization of eggs were considerably reduced.
Let’s consider the data about realization of animal industry production.
Table 3 – Realization of animal industry production (economies of all categories)
Indicators ,thousand tons
|
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
Thousand tons
|
%
|
1.Cattle and birds on slaughter in live weight
|
83,1
|
91,4
|
95,3
|
+12,2
|
114,7
|
2. Milk
|
247,1
|
256,8
|
249
|
+1,9
|
100,8
|
3. Million eggs
|
617,8
|
641,4
|
604
|
-13,8
|
97,8
|
From the given table we see that in 2009 the quantity of meat realization increased by 14, 7% compared with 2007 and made up 95, 3 thousand tons. Milk realization has grown by 0, 8% compared with 2007 and has decreased by 3% compared with 2008. As for eggs realization it has decreased by 13, 8 million eggs (2, 2%) in 2007 and by 37,4 million eggs (5,8%) compared with 2008.
Last years the cattle-breeding branch of agriculture worked in the most complicated conditions. High labour input, power consumption and grain consumption of animal industries at free prices for energy carries and mixed fodders led to considerable growth of the cost price and decrease of production profitability.
In 2009 there was a change of output volumes of cattle-breeding production. In economies of all categories cattle and bird production has increased by 5, 5% but milk manufacture decreased by 3, 2% and eggs by 8% compared with 2008.
For situation improvement in the agriculture there is regional target program «The state support of agricultural complex and social development of village in the Kemerovo region from 2008 to 2011» [2].
The purpose of this program is to improve of life quality of the population both in a city and a village.
The task is to increase the manufacture of grain, meat and milk, to increase the availability of credit resources for all forms of managing in agriculture.
The basic priorities:
1) The accelerated development of animal industries: development of dairy animal industry; development of early meat animal industry.
2) Development of grain and forages production.
3) Stimulation of development of small forms of managing in agriculture.
Expected results of the given program:
The acceleration development of dairy animal industries will allow:
- to increase milk production by 6, 4%.
Development of early meat animal industry will allow:
- to increase meat production by 12%.
Development of grain and forages production will allow:
- to increase grain and forages production by 25%.
Stimulation of development of small forms of managing in agriculture will provide:
- the growth of consumer, marketing and credit cooperative societies;
- the growth of output volumes of agricultural production in private farms and agricultural enterprises.
Last years the attention of the Administration of Kemerovo region to agriculture became more tangible. A number of the important standard documents were accepted, there was a financial support.
The great attention is given to simulation of cattle-breeding production. From the regional budget in 2009 170 million roubles were directed on the support of cattle-breeding production and compensation of a part of mixed fodders cost in the sum of 26 million roubles.
In 2009-2010 the basic direction is the increase of agricultural production of grain, potato and animal industry production. Stability of branch and increase of agricultural production guarantees employment of agricultural population and creation of new workplaces that will provide workers of the agricultural organizations with the guaranteed wages.
Creation of vertically integrated companies providing steady annual growth of agricultural production should become one of measures of work improvement. It will allow to keep workplaces and to create new and also to increase payments in budgets of all levels.
In order to provide the stabilization of agricultural production it is necessary to develop the system of the state support of the agricultural enterprises, first of all modernization in agriculture and animal industries. In animal industries the problem on development of breeding business will dare. Besides, the assistance in updating of agricultural machine park will be rendered. [2]
I consider that it is possible to increase manufacture and realization of animal industry production due to improvement of cattle maintenance and increase of forage nutritiousness.
The literature:
1) Agriculture of Kuzbass (municipal unions). The statistical collection, part 2/ Territorial organ of Federal Agency of the state statistics on the Kemerovo region – Kemerovo, 2009-139 p.
2) http: //www.ako.ru
3) http:// www.kemerovostat.ru
УДК 632.482 (571.1)
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