Методические указания к учебному пособию по английскому языку под ред. А. П. Голубева, Н. В. Балюк, И. Б. Смирновой для обучающихся образовательных учреждений
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Canada is located in North America. The continent of Australia between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Canada consists of two territories and ten provinces. The majority of French speaking population is concentrated in the province of Quebec. New Zealand and a number of small islands belong to Polynesian Islands. Canada is an exporter of wheat and oats. Australia is a wonderful continent. Moscow Moscow was founded in 1147 by Prince Yury Dolgoruky. It stands on the Moskva River. Since the time of its foundation the history of Moscow is inseparable from the history of the country. At first it was a little town on the boundary of the Kiev Russia. Some time passed and it developed into a prosperous city. It became the capital of Russia during the rule of Ivan the Third. Peter the Great moved the capital to St Petersburg, but Moscow still played an important role in the life of Russia. In 1918 the Soviet government moved from Petrograd to Moscow, and thus the ancient city became the capital of the country for the second time. At present Moscow is the largest city in the Russian Federation, the seat of the government, the political, educational and cultural centre of the country. The population of Moscow is over nine million people, and the city is growing from day to day. Moscow being an ancient city, one can come across the sights on every step. The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin and Red Square. It is not only a historic centre, but also a unique architectural ensemble, famous all over the world. The Kremlin includes over twenty towers joined by the wall. Each tower has its own name; the most famous one is the Spasskaya Tower with its chimes. On the territory of the Kremlin there are beautiful ancient cathedrals, Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon and the Armoury Museum — the exhibition of the treasures of the Russian tsars, including icons, crowns, coaches, presents from monarchs of other countries and ceremonial dresses. The Spasskaya Tower outlooks Red Square and the Pokrovsky Cathedral, which is famous all over the world for its exotic beauty. Not far from the Kremlin Arbat begins. It is the best-known street of the city. There is no traffic, so one can walk and enjoy watching the crowds of people strolling by. Arbat is the main tourist attraction after the Kremlin. But Moscow is not only the Kremlin and Arbat. The best way to describe Moscow is probably to say that it is like any other metropolis in the world — lines of cars (and traffic jams!), hurrying people, tall build-lngs, elegant restaurants, night clubs and much more. Its appearance is not always attractive, but, beyond any doubt, fascinating and capturing Answer the following questions:
Moscow was founded in 1147 ( eleven forty- seven).
It stands on the Moskva River.
Moscow became the capital of Russia for the first time during the rule of Ivan the Third.
Peter the Great moved the capital to St. Petersburg.
It moved from Petrograd to Moscow.
The population of Moscow is over ten million people. (Население Москвы свыше 10 миллионов человек).
The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin and Red Square.
There are over twenty towers .
Visitors can see on the territory of the Kremlin Beautiful ancient cathedrals, Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon and the Armoury Museum.
There is no traffic, so you can walk and enjoy watching the crowds of people. Fill in the following blanks with the words from the text:
London London, the capital of the UK, was founded in AD 43 by the Roman invaders as a settlement and a fortress. At first it had the name of Londinium. Due to its convenient position in the mouth of the river Thames the settlement grew and developed into a city. In the 11th century London became the capital of England. For centuries it was a prominent port through which wealth and prosperity came to the country. Being an important trade and political centre, the city enjoyed greater independence than the other cities of the medieval England and even had the right to elect the head of the city, Lord Mayor. The picturesque ceremony of the elections of Lord Mayor of London is still held every year and attracts thousands of tourists. The city was built rather chaotically, the streets being narrow and dirty. It grew and developed together with the developing of the nation. In 1666 the Great Fire of London destroyed the most part of the city, which was rebuilt, but the old planning remained untouched. Historically and geographically London can be divided into three parts: the City, the West End and the East End. The City is the financial centre of the country, with offices of large firms and banks and the Stock Exchange. The West End has always been considered a place where aristocrats lived. There is a great number of sights and attractions: the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, St Paul's Cathedral, the Nelson Column, to mention just a few of them. London's beautiful parks are also there: Hyde Park, St. James' Park, Regent's Park are favourite places for Londoners to visit and relax. One may also go shopping in the West End — Piccadilly Street and Oxford Street both present a wide choice of expensive shops and boutiques. The East End was previously considered the place where not well-to-do people lived. The identity of the East End as a place of deprivation and poverty persisted until well after the Second World War, becoming overlaid with certain gangster glamour in the 1960s. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, London east of the City is still seen as having a different character, claiming a certain independence of look from the rest of metropolis; but its cultural status has been transformed. Parts of the East End are believed to house the highest population of artists in Europe, and the East End is now considered a bohemian district. The ugly docks, which for years disguised the face of the East End, are now closed, and new hotels, stadiums and apartment houses are being built. Now London extends much more than the City, the West End and the East End. Its suburbs grow rapidly. London and its suburbs are called Greater London. As well as it is impossible to say that Moscow is a typical Russian city, nobody can call London a typical British one. In fact, it has become a multinational metropolis, being inhabited by people from all over the world. It is always busy and crowded. It certainly has its own face — millions of faces. Maybe, this is the reason why people say: "When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life.” Answer the questions about London.
London was founded in 43 AO
At first it had the name of Londinium.
Due to its convenient position.
In the eleventh century it became the capital of England.
It was an important trade and political centre.
In 1666 (sixteen sixty-six) the Great Fire of London destroyed the most part of the city, which was rebuilt, but the old planning remained untouched.
London is divided into three parts: the City, the West End and the East End.
The City is the financial centre of the country.
There is a great number of sights and attractions: the Houses of Parliament, Westminster, Abbey, St Paul’s Cathedral, the Nelson Column.
Hyde Park, St. James' Park and Regent's Park are situated in the West End.
Piccadilly Street and Oxford Street in the West End are the most famous places in London to do the shopping.
It is now considered as a bohemian district.
London and its suburbs is Greater London.
It is inhabited of people all over the world. Washington, DC Washington, DC is the capital of the United States of America. It is situated in the mouth of the Potomac River, in the District of Columbia (DC), not belonging to any state. The city is unique in its own way— it was specially designed as the capital of the USA. The architect, who drew up the plan of the city, Pierre L'Enfant, wanted it to be very convenient. The place for the capital was chosen by the first president, George Washington, and in 1800 the Government moved there. There are a lot of Governmental offices, but probably the best known, as well as the most important for the country's life are the White House and the Capitol. The White House is the official residence of the President of the United States. It was built in 1799. It is a three- storeyed house where the President and his family live. At the same time it is the place where official receptions are held and the administration gathers for the meetings. The Capitol is the seat of the Congress. The corner stone of the Congress was laid by George Washington in 1790. The Congress has two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. The city of Washington, DC is rather large and very beautiful, being at the same time different from all the other cities in the USA, because there are no skyscrapers. According to the law, no house in Washington, DC must be higher than the Capitol. Washington, DC has the population of about 900,000 people. Being the administrative centre of the country, it doesn't have any industry. They say, nothing is produced in Washington, DC except wastepaper. Thousands of documents are drafted, approved or denied in the city every day. People living there either belong to the administration, or are employed in the service industry. Besides, thousands of tourists come to see the capital of the country. There is a lot to be seen: Thomas Jefferson Memorial, the Library of Congress, the Washington Monument and much more. The Washington Monument is the most remarkable of these: it is a column rising 160 metres, and from the top of it the visitors can enjoy the view over the city. Among the attractions of the capital it is necessary to mention the museums: the National Gallery of Art, the National Museum of History and Technology, and others. Answer the following questions:
10. What are the main attractions of the city? Какие главные достопримечательности есть в Вашингтоне? The main attractions of the city are Thomas Jefferson Memorial, the Library of Congress, the Washington Monument .. New York New York, or the Big Apple, as the Americans often call it, is the largest city in the USA and in the whole world. It stands in the mouth of the Hudson River. The people of New York City (NYC) live within five boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx and Staten Island. Manhattan Island, the oldest part of the city, was bought from the Native Americans for the amount of goods worth $ 26. Now it is one of the busiest financial and cultural centre in the world, offering the visitors a unique collection of experiences and attractions. There is a wide choice of internationally acclaimed theatres, restaurants and museums, historic parks and churches. Manhattan is also a district of business and finance. In Wall Street there are offices of large companies and banks, as well as New York Stock Exchange, which dominates the business life of the whole world. New York is an international city. On the map of Manhattan one can find Little Italy with the Italian restaurants and its own way of life, Brighton Beach, where the immigrants from the former Soviet Union live and Chinatown, inhabited by the Chinese. NY is also famous for its fine department stores and boutiques. In the evening you can enjoy one of its many nightclubs, the ballet, opera, a show or concert. Broadway is the centre of nightlife. It is the longest street in New York with many sights. The best way to go around NY is on foot. One word applies to driving your own car in Manhattan: don't! Streets are jammed and the parking is scarce and astronomically expensive. However, NYC is a paradise for walkers, who enjoy the finest window shopping and people-watching. When proper caution is exercised, most areas are safe. It is best to use well-lighted, busy streets at night. You can also travel anywhere you want by subway and buses. Subway, though rather in attractive and not so well organized as in Moscow, runs 24 hours a day. The fare is $ 1.50 for a single journey, payable with tokens. Free bus and subway system maps are available from hotels, tourist information centres and subway stations. However one gets around New York, it is important to know some basic geography: Fifth Avenue divides the city between East and West. Street numbers begin at Fifth Avenue, so Two W. (west) 57th Street is just a few steps to the west of the Fifth Avenue, while Two E. (east) 57th Street is just to the east. Most streets in Manhattan are one-way. With a few exceptions, traffic on even-numbered streets travels east, and traffic on odd-numbered streets travels west. To New Yorkers, "downtown" does not connote the city centre. Rather, "downtown" simply means "south" and "uptown" means "north". Thousands of tourists come to New York every day to see the Statue of Liberty, which is situated on Liberty Island and is a symbol of American democracy. It has a torch of Freedom in her right hand. New York is famous for its skyscrapers, among which are the Chrysler Building and the Empire State Building. The unprecedented terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 disguised the face of New York. Two twin towers, which used to form the World Trade Centre, were destroyed as the result of the planes crash. This was the tragic day for the people of the USA and for the whole world. Two towers were in ruins in the matter of minutes. The life of the big city was paralyzed completely for more than a month. Now the WTC is under reconstruction. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the proper tense.
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