Пособие по общественно-политической и официально-деловой лексике Москва
Скачать 2.87 Mb.
|
5. Translate into Russian paying special attention to the italicized lexical units. 1. But there must be grave doubts about the Prime Minister's chances of defusing the crisis. 2. The general unease over the US economic policies first depressed the dollar; a currency which requires the protection of ever-higher interest rates and of central bank intervention is still fundamentally a weak one. 3. There are some grounds to hope that this message will be dramatic enough to convince the market that there has been a real change of currency policy. 4. In today's America various [82] would-be politicians have to fudge, minimize or exaggerate issues, whereas what is needed now is to face the truth. 5. There is no lack of subject matter at the meeting. We can say with certainty that the Western Alliance, of which the four participants represent the leading members is drifting. 6. The challenge facing some oil-rich countries now is that during the relatively short period when they can count on a large flow of oil revenues, they have to develop economies that can provide sufficient government revenues and employment for that period when the oil bonanza begins to peter out. 7. The sheriff was found guilty of malfeasance of office. 8. A public easement is one which is acquired by condemnation, as when an electric power company has the right to construct its lines on privately-owned land. 6. Using the so-called "word combination approach", translate the following expressions. Model: periodical publications периодические публикации, периодические издания, периодика (последний предложенный вариант перевода является наиболее точным) phony story, patched-up story; blurred photo; camera-eye reportage; eye-witness report; catch title; eye-catching title; leaked news; first-day story; free-lance journalist; gossip columnist; graphic style (of a journalist) 7. Think about the situations in which one could use the above-mentioned expressions. 8. Translate into English using a dictionary. Официальный Вашингтон, претендующий на роль лидера так называемого «свободного мира», преподнес очередной образчик попрания демократических и гражданских прав и свобод у себя дома. Из американской столицы пришло сообщение о завершающем акте насилия и произвола властей (act of the use of force and violence) по отношению к небольшому по численности профсоюзу диспетчеров авиалиний. На глазах всего мира республиканская администрация учинила расправу над этой организацией трудящихся (they gave short shrift to this labour union), добившись через судебную инстанцию фактического роспуска] профсоюза (dissolution of the union) только за то, что его члены посмели настаивать на улучшении условий труда. Перипетии (upheavals) драматического забастовочного выступления авиадиспетчеров США, вспыхнувшего 3 августа и дезорганизовавшего на длительное время значительную часть авиаперевозок (air shipments) на внутренних ли- [83] ниях, хорошо известны. С самого начала поставив перед собой цель сломить волю диспетчеров, задушить, разгромить профсоюз (to break up the union), Белый дом и министерство транспорта не только отказались выслушать претензии (claims), жалобы и требования трудящихся, но и предъявили им подлинный ультиматум (to resort to an ultimatum): немедленное прекращение забастовки или увольнение с работы. Когда же угрозы не возымели действия (when the threats failed), администрация США прибегла к настоящему террору (to unleash a wave of terror) в расчете силой поставить бастующих на колени, а заодно «проучить» (to teach a lesson) и запугать (to intimidate) все профсоюзное движение страны. На голову участников забастовки был обрушен арсенал столь свирепых репрессивных мер (brutal repressions) государственной машины подавления, что лидер профсоюза авиадиспетчеров назвал эти методы властей произволом. Начались аресты забастовщиков, на них посыпались огромные штрафы. Десятки профактивистов были отданы под суд, а на финансовые средства профсоюза и его стачечный фонд был наложен арест. Широкая демократическая общественность США (broad democratic segments of the US population) справедливо расценивает подобные репрессии властей как грубое и циничное покушение (encroachment) на неотъемлемое право американских трудящихся объединяться в профсоюз для защиты своих интересов, как неприкрытую угрозу для всех профсоюзов. Жестокие репрессии федеральных властей против авиадиспетчеров воочию показывают, что красивые слова правителей США об их «приверженности» идеалам свободы и демократии, о правах человека на деле не стоят и ломаного гроша (not worth a brass farthing). 9. Translate into Russian paying special attention to the italicized lexical units. 1. Every minute of the day and night news pours into the newsroom by telephone cable, radio, wire, tape-machine and teleprinter for the written word, and by wire and telephoto for the pictures. 2. Foreign news comes to newspaper readers from journalists on the spot: reporters either specialized or not, foreign correspondents, free-lance reporters and special correspondents. 3. Home news comes through on-the-spot reporters, reporters on an assignment, local correspondents and news photographers. 4. The work of the information network is added by the operations of news agencies, picture agencies and even by readers. 5. Because of the great amount of news [84] the work of the Editorial Department is absolutely essential. 6. As a rule the editorial staff includes the Editor, the News Editor, assisted by the chiefs of the various departments: the foreign Editor, the Local Editor, the Picture News Editor, the Sports Editor, the Political Editor and other officials. 7. The Editor is responsible for many things but he also delegates part of his responsibilities to his assistants, one of them being the link with the Advertising Department to ensure a proper balance between the editorial and advertising matter. 8. The Editor often resorts to a news conference with the heads of departments so as to clarify certain information issues. 9. At this conference many topics are discussed: which news items need following up? Which new events need coverage; Which items are to go to the front-page'' What will the leader writers comment upon? It is also important to draw a dummy of the newspaper. 10. The News Editor is primarily responsible for the coverage of the main news, both ordinary and sensational, and for presentation of news. The news in the bourgeois press, especially the yellow press, is very often biased and serves the interests of the paper owners and other interest groups. 11. All the news stories from different desks come to the News Editor at the newsdesk. Then he sifts the news and sends out reporters and photographers to cover the events likely to be newsworthy. 12. As to the Chief Sub-Editor he also has many tasks: he has to be a link between the various departments; he should coordinate the work; he also makes an estimate of the relative importance to be given to the different news; and he also chooses the pictures among the available documents. 13. There are also other jobs to do: to write the captions, to read the copy checking both content and style; to re-write a story if necessary; to decide on the titles. 14. When the copy is read and corrected, it has to be made ready for setting; then it is the business of a typographer to get the right type and to set up the text. The copy is now ready; it is taken to the composing room. 10. With the aid of a dictionary find Russian equivalents for the following expressions. One bone and one flesh; our numbers have increased; to be always ready for defence; the very likeness; by hook or by crook; to blow out one's brains; to put into prison; to make smb. knuckle under; to ask for trouble; penny-dreadful; morsel of food; to be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth; beneath criticism; to sit idle; as if by magic; they make a pair; to be under the yoke (of); to play a dirty trick (upon); [83] like a bolt from the blue; to drive smb. into a corner; to waste one's talent; to be all ears; to have one's hands full; to take a bite; to have a ready tongue; in all the glory 11. Read and retell the text. The experience of Western journalism shows that new techniques of printing could be used to emphasize sensationalism at the expense of news; a paper can lavishly dress up its entertainment features. The degrading kind of journalism has become known as "yellow journalism". Now, what is "yellow journalism"? At its worst, it is the journalism without a soul, without a principle, corrupt journalism. True, yellow journalists also can trumpet their concern for the "people" and "champion" the rights of the common man; but at the same time they choke up the news channels, they can mismanage the news or distort it with a disregard for journalistic ethics and responsibility. Theirs is a shrieking, gaudy, sensation-loving, devii-may-care kind of journalism which lures the reader by any possible means. They seize upon the techniques of writing, illustrating, and printing that serve their purpose or the purpose of the press lords. They turn these techniques to perverted uses. This type of attitude makes the high drama of life a cheap melodrama, and it twists the facts of each day into whatever form seemed best suited to produce sales for the howling newsboy. Worst of all, instead of giving its readers effective leadership these pen-pushers offer a palliative of sin, sex, and violence. (From newspapers) 12. Write out those cliches which are unknown to you. Then do the next exercise. Cliches are all things to all men. Many are beneath contempt, but some are all to the good; they lend a helping hand and add insult to injury. But they are, regrettably, never in short supply. They come in two categories: the ones that have attained a ripe old age and the overnight stars like charisma, meaningful dialogue, game plan, life style, open door policy, no-win policy, whistlestopping, whispering campaign, orchestration, polarization, scenario, stonewalling and think tank. They have survived not only because they are apt, but also because they have flavour and style that consciously [86] devised replacements cannot match. It is hard to improve 0n labour of love, sour grapes, dog in the manger, Achilles' heel, spill the beans, tip of the iceberg and even foregone conclusion jf they are properly used. But armed to the teeth, crying need, flat denial, floral tribute and even a single word like massive in some contexts are better left unsaid. 13. Read the following sentences. Try to understand the meaning of the given clichés. Also supply your own translation equivalents or those from dictionaries. 1. The candidate quickly gained a new ground among the voters. I think this can be attributed to a certain charisma about him. 2. The discussions proved to be quite a success. There is no doubt that it was a meaningful dialogue. 3. The political advisers worked out various scenarios. It was decided that the game plan should be thoroughly thought out. 4. His hippie life style did not call any enthusiasm among his friends. 5. When it was announced that trading nations should have equal trading rights, some experts called this position an open door policy. 6. The critics attacked an overly cautious military effort of the government which led not to victory but to stalemate. The press named this position as that of a no-win policy. 7. Whist lestop ping means going to the people by railroad train with some brief speeches prepared for making 'in small communities. 8. When slander is spread about a candidate's life, habits or physical disability, in politics this is called a whispering campaign. 9. The term orchestration as !used in politics has nothing to do with arranging music for performance by an orchestra. When the press writes that a series of protests was orchestrated that means that these ; protests were designed and coordinated deliberately by somebody else. 10. The battle between the two candidates polarized the party. This polarization brought about a situation when a lot of men ordinarily in agreement on many issues, now were disagreeing on them. 11. To stonewall means to "hang tough", not to surrender one's principles or position. 12. Think tank is an informal popular phrase. It means a research organization analyzing political, social or economic problems 'for the government or business firms. 13. Building a model railroad was a labour of love for the retired engineer. 14. The expression "sour grapes" comes from the fable of the fox who wanted some grapes but found that they were out of reach and so pretended that they were sour and undesirable anyway. 15. When one follows a secretive and underhand policy, especially to prevent others from enjoying something even though he does not himself want it, this kind of attitude may [87] be called as dog in the manger. 16. Achilles heel is, in other words, a vulnerable point. 17. The conclusion that has preceded argument is usually called a foregone conclusion. 14. Translate into English paying special attention to the italicized lexical units. 1, Сенсационный характер буржуазной прессы составляет ее отличительную особенность. 2. "Желтую прессу" часто называют прессой без души. 3. Буржуазные источники информации превращают подлинно драматические события в дешевую мелодраму. 4. В американской печати значительное место (space) отводится' рекламе товаров и услуг. 5. Социалистическая печать подчеркивает, что культура каждого народа является ценностью, которую следует уважать и сохранять. 6. Международное сотрудничество в области культуры должно охватывать все виды умственной и творческой деятельности (intellectual and creative activities) в области образования, науки, культуры и печати. 7. Задача газет и других средств массовой информации — распространять информацию и знания среди читателей, содействовать развитию мирных отношений и дружбы между народами. UNIТ 6 PROGRAMME OF ACTION AGAINST APARTHEIDl The General Assembly, Taking note of the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid and its special reports, Welcoming the Declaration and the Programme of Action adopted by the International Seminar on the Eradication of Apartheid and in Support of the Struggle for Liberation in South Africa, held at Havana from 24 to 28 May 1976, Taking note of the resolutions adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity at its twenty-seventh ordinary session, held at Port Louis from 24 June to 3 July 1976, Taking note also of the declarations and resolutions of the Fifth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Colombo from 16 to 19 August 1976, Considering the need for a programme of action to be implemented by Governments, intergovernmental organizations, trade unions, churches, anti-apartheid and solidarity movements and other non-governmental organizations in order [88] to assist the people of South Africa in their struggle for the total eradication of apartheid and the exercise of the right 0f self-determination by all the people of South Africa irrespective of race, colour and creed, 1. Commends to all Governments, organizations and individuals the Programme of Action against Apartheid annexed to the present resolution; 2. Requests all United Nations organs and specialized agencies concerned to participate in the implementation of the Programme of Action, in close co-operation with the Special Committee against Apartheid; 3. Requests the Special Committee, in co-operation with the Organization of African Unity, to promote the implementation of the Programme of Action and report, from time to time, on the progress achieved; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure maximum publicity to the Programme of Action and provide all necessary assistance to the Special Committee in promoting its implementation. (From newspapers) |
Похожие:
 | Российской Федерации Государственный университет Факультет прикладной... Дисциплина "Система западной словесности" относится к блоку общепрофессиональных дисциплин. Она адресована студентам, обучающимся... |  | Российской Федерации Государственный университет Факультет прикладной... Дисциплина "Система западной словесности" относится к блоку общепрофессиональных дисциплин. Она адресована студентам, обучающимся... |
| Российской Федерации Государственный университет Факультет прикладной... Дисциплина "Система западной словесности" относится к блоку общепрофессиональных дисциплин. Она адресована студентам, обучающимся... | | Российской Федерации Государственный университет Факультет прикладной... Дисциплина "Система западной словесности" относится к блоку общепрофессиональных дисциплин. Она адресована студентам, обучающимся... |
| Российской Федерации Государственный университет Факультет прикладной... Дисциплина "Система западной словесности" относится к блоку общепрофессиональных дисциплин. Она адресована студентам, обучающимся... | | Элективный курс по русскому языку «Деловой русский язык» в 9 классе ( предпрофильная подготовка) Темы, рассмотренные на курсе, с одной стороны примыкают к основному курсу, с другой позволяют глубже познакомить учащихся с официально-... |
| Немецкий язык Пособие для студентов второго курса дневного и вечернего отделений ои мгюа по направлению подготовки «Юриспруденция». Цель пособия... | | Урок русского языка в 11 классе Тема: «Речевой этикет делового общения.... Тема: «Речевой этикет делового общения. Официально-деловой стиль. Деловое письмо» |
| Урок-презентация. Тема Разработка урока по русскому языку в 11 классе «Официально-деловой стиль. Ситуация трудоустройства» | | Домашние задания на период карантина до 5 марта Функциональные стили речи (разговорный, художественный, публицистический, научный, официально-деловой) |
| Рабочая программа Дисциплины «Официально-деловой перевод» Сми, в области языковой, социокультурной, межкультурной коммуникации, в научно-исследовательской сфере | | Конспект, отзыв Разговорная речь, функциональные стили: научный, публицистический, официально-деловой; язык художественной литературы, их основные... |
| Учебно-методическое пособие по немецкому языку Для слушателей фзо второго года обучения Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для слушателей фзо краснодарского юридического института мвд россии второго года обучения.... | | Учебно-методическое пособие по немецкому языку Для слушателей фзо второго года обучения Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для слушателей фзо краснодарского юридического института мвд россии второго года обучения.... |
| Программа по формированию навыков безопасного поведения на дорогах... Конспект урока русского языка в 6-м классе по теме: "Официально-деловой стиль. Заявление" | | Учебно-методический комплекс дисциплины практическая стилистика (официально-деловой... Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования города Москвы |
