Учебно-методический комплекс дисциплины лексикология специальность 031202. 65 «Перевод и переводоведение»

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Название	Учебно-методический комплекс дисциплины лексикология специальность 031202. 65 «Перевод и переводоведение»
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Тип	Учебно-методический комплекс

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Shortening

Give the definition of shortening
Dwell upon historical reasons of shortening
Give the classification of shortenings
What may happen to the original form after the shortened one has appeared
Write out in full the following shortened words:

BBC:

oz:

CIA:

BA:

mike:

Answer the questions from the list about people below:

Ms. Louse Manners W.G. Smithson Esq.

Mrs. P.Ticker M.P. Sir Robin Sawyer

Jones Bros. Rev. Graham Lee

G.L. Cousins M.A. John Fox O.B.E.

Adm. V.E. Nott R.N. (ret.) W.P.C. Lockwood

Z. Wilkins R.A. H.R.H The Prince of Wales

Who used to be a high-ranking officer?
Who is in the police force?
Who has a university degree?
Who prefers not to state whether she is married?
Who is a priest?
Who has received a knighthood?
Who sits in the House of Commons?
Who is foremally addressed on an envelope?
Who has a royal title?
Which member of a family run a business together?
Who is a recognized artist?
Who has received an honour from the King or Queen?

Match the word with the type of shortening:

Fridge, Fred, coke, maths, ma’am, cute, ed, cause, flu

aphoeresis:
syncope:
apocope:
a combibation of aphoeresis and apocope:

Distribute the given words according to the type of shortening they belong to:

BBC, ft., story, exam, RAF, flu, NATO, maths, photo, a.m., UNO, dept., quake, gym, mart, fridge, i.e., UNESCO, bus, min, e’er, MP, №, van, e.g., phone, fess, Kate, PR, NASA, capt., zoo

Lexical shortenings						Spelling shortenings
Clipped words				Initial shortenings		Borrowed	Native
apheresis	syncope	apocope	Apheresis+ apocope	Alphabetical pronoubciation	acronyms	from Latin

Secondary ways of word-building

What are the primary ways of word building?
What are the secondary ways of word building?
Define sound-interchange
Give three types of gradation
What is ancient ablaut?
What is ancient umlaut?
What type of vowel change is ancient ablaut?
What type of vowel change is ancient umlaut?
What phonetic phenomenon takes place in vowel mutation?
Define stress interchange
Dwell upon historical causes of stress interchange
Why stress interchange is called morphological stress?
What was the word structure of verbs borrowed from French?
Where did the stress fall in borrowed verbs?
What was the word structure of nouns borrowed from French?
Where did the stress fall in borrowed nouns?
What process influenced the word structure?
What did this process result in?
Define sound imitation
Define blending
What are other terms for blending?
Define reduplication
Define back formation
Define redistribution
Explain the formation of the following blends:

Fanzine = ginormous =

Galumph = hazchem =

Slanguage = Niffles =

Match the secondary ways of word-building with the appropriate examples:

sound-interchange a) to sneeze, to splash, to rustle
stress interchange b) criss-cross, topsy-turvy, to murmur
sound imitation c) ‘object-to ob’ject, ‘desert-to de’sert
blending d) food-feed, life-live, advice-advise
reduplication e) babysitting-to babysit , enthusiastic-to enthuse
back formation f) a napron-an apron, an eke name- a nickname
redistribution g) slimnastics, slanguage, smog

Phraseology

Differentiate between phraseological units, semi-fixed and free word-combinations
Draw similarity and difference between phraseological units and words
Draw similarity and difference between phraseological units and word combinations
Give the types of phraseological units according to the classification based on the semantic principle (by Vinogradov)
Give the types of phraseological units according to the classification based on the structural principle (by Smirnitsky)
Give the types of phraseological units according to the classification based on the structural principle (by Arnold)
Give the types of phraseological units according to the classification based on the etymological principle (by Larin)
Give the types of phraseological units according to the classification based on the semantic and structural principle (by Koonin)
Define proverbs
Define sayings
Differentiate between proverbs and sayings
Define familiar quotations
Dwell upon the primary ways of forming phraseological units
Dwell upon the secondary ways of forming phraseological units

98. Find the corresponding definition:

A free word combination or a free phrase…
The classification by V.V. Vinogradov…
Prof. A.I. Smirnitsky called phraseological units…
The classification of phraseological units, which is based on the etymological principle is…
Nominative-communicative phraseological units…
Familiar quotations are different from…
The main way of forming phraseological units is…

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…proverbs and sayings in their origin. They come from literature and have their authors.
…permits substitution of any of its elements without any semantic change in the other components.
…transforming the meaning of free syntactical combinations.
…is the foundation of all further phraseological classifications and studies of phraseology.
…include verbal word combinations, which can be turned into sentences.
“word-equivalents” and classified them according to their structure.
…a diachronic classification suggested by Prof. B.A. Larin.

99. Choose a correct answer

Phraseological units are studied by a branch of lexicology called:

a) phraseology b) semasiology c) derivation

2. Who is considered to be the founder, or father of phraseology:

a) V.V. Vinogradov b) Ch. Bally c) A.I. Smirnitsky

3. Which of the sentences is a phraseological fusion:

a) a fishy story b) to pay attention c) to kiss the rod

4. What Prof. A.I. Smirnitsky called “word-equivalents”:

a) one-top units b) two-top units c) phraseological units

5. Which of the sentences is a verb-adverb unit:

a) a mare’s nest b) part and parcel e) to give up

6. Which of the sentences is a saying:

a) silver lining b) birds of a feather c) Birds of a feather flock together.

7. Whose quotations are extremely numerous:

a) Burns b) Shakespeare c) G. Bush Jr.
Semasiology

Give the historical survey of the studies of meaning
Dwell upon the referential approach in the study of word meaning
Dwell upon the functional approach in the study of word meaning
Dwell upon the types of meaning
Dwell upon the grammatical, lexical meaning
Dwell upon the denotative, connotative components of meaning
Dwell upon the emotive charge, stylistic implication
Dwell upon the stylistic value and stylistic reference of the word
Dwell upon the lexical meaning and sound form
Dwell upon the lexical meaning and notion
What are the terms used to denote different types of meaning
What is polysemy?
Dwell upon the semantic structure of the word
Dwell upon the semantic processes of the development of meaning
Dwell upon the diachronic and synchronic approach to polysemy
Dwell upon the primary and secondary meaning
Name the types of semantic changes of the word
What are gradual semantic changes?
Dwell upon specialization, generalization of meaning
What are momentary semantic changes?
Dwell upon metaphor, metonymy
What are secondary semantic changes?
Dwell upon elevation, degradation, hyperbole, litotes
Give the types of homonyms
Give the sources homonymy
What is synonymy?
Give the types synonyms
What is synonymic dominant?
What is antonymy?
Give the types antonyms
Complete the sentences and define litotes and hyperbole:

He wasn’t … a) a word of power (L/H)
A fresh egg has… b) a successful actress (L/H)
I’m not slow… c) that he could kill everybody (L/H)
Mary isn’t … d) a slim boy (L/H)
He wasn’t angry… e) to accept the offer (L/H)

Distribute the words:

Dodger-suspicious, badly-well, before (prep.)- before (adv.), dung-manure, legitimate-illegitimate, duplicate-copy, might (n)-might (v.) , nicety-precision, back (n)-back (v), coarse-fine, informal-casual, light (n)-light (adj.), , abashed-unabashed, transparent-opaque, thought (n)-thought (v.)

synonyms	antonyms	homonyms

Borrowings

What are the criteria for classifying borrowings?
What are the aspects borrowings can be classified to?
Can a word be borrowed twice into language?
How are the words of identical origin that occur in several languages as a result of simultaneous or successive borrowings from one source called?

neologisms b) international words c) etymological doublets

Trace the origin of the following borrowings:

word	language
Avant garde
Carte blanche
Curriculum vitae
Graffiti
Incognito
Nouveaux riches
Macho
Kaput
Kindergarten
kowtow
Siesta
Status quo

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