У
нас была прекрасная квартира в Хемпстеде, но мы не были там счастливы. a had - форма прошедшего времени глагола to have. Как вы уже знаете (прим. 3 к этому уроку), формы этого времени передают факты, относящиеся к прошлому.
б weren't were not8 We don't like town life very much. Мы очень не любим городской жизни.town life -
городская жизнь, жизнь в городе9 We're happier in the country. Мы счастливее в деревне. happier -
счастливееhappy happier (ср.
heavy - heavier).
10 Our life in the town wasn't as pleasant as it is now. Наша жизнь в городе не была такой приятной, как сейчас.a wasn't =
was not Для образования отрицательной формы нужно поставить отрицание not после форм прошедшего времени глагола to be, т.е. отрицательная форма образуется для глагола
to be в прошедшем времени так же, как и в настоящем -прибавлением отрицания not к форме глагола: was not (
wasn't), were not (
weren't).
6 it - заменяет слово
life.
Часть вторая11 This might be the house they live in. Может быть, это их дом. (букв.
Это может быть дом, в котором они живут.)a might - форма прошедшего времени глагола may. (Прим. 40, урок 11.) В данном предложении might означает предположение и соответствует русскому
может быть, возможно.б the house -
дом Имеется в виду непосредственно здание, постройка.
в the house they live in. Дом. в котором они живут.Как объяснить наличие предлога в конце предложения? Для русского языка такое употребление предлога без следующего за ним существительного невозможно. В английском же в тех случаях, когда имеется определительное придаточное предложение (то есть отвечающее на вопрос
какой?), существуют два способа выражения: Так, русскому
Дом, в котором они живут; в английском языке соответствует: i)
the house in which they live, дословно совпадающее с русским, или ii)
the house they live in. В этом втором случае соединительное слово опущено (ср.
the car he's hired, the next garage you see - прим. 3, урок 13), а предлог вынесен в конец предложения. Первый способ выражения характерен для литературного английского языка, второй распространён в разговорной речи.
12 Not too bad. Henлохо (букв.
He слишком плохо).13 He was in the garage a minute ago.
Он был в гараже минутv назад.ago соответствует русскому
тому назад и относит действие к прошлому, никак не связанному с настоящим. Присутствие
ago в предложении исключает возможность употребления настоящего совершенного времени и указывает на необходимость употребления простого прошедшего времени.
14 But he might be in the house now. Но, может быть, он сейчас в доме.15 Would you like to go in? Хотите зайти ?16 Did you have a good journey? Вы хорошо доехали ? (букв. У
вас была хорошая поездка ?)Обратите внимание на то, как образована вопросительная форма в этом предложении - с помощью вспомогательного глагола
did. Когда глагол
have входит в словосочетания типа:
to have a good journey, to have a bad day. (См. выше, урок 11),
to have a good time, он образует вопросительную и отрицательную форму так же, как все глаголы (кроме глагола
to be) - то есть с помощью вспомогательного глагола
to do.
They often have a bad day. Do they often have a bad day? They don't often have a bad day. You had a good journey. Did you have a good journey? You did not have a good journey.17 Yes, we had a very good one. Да, мы доехали очень хорошо. one - заменяет слово
journey.
18 You were lucky. Вам повезло. to be lucky - букв,
быть удачливым, быть везучим.19 Something to eat. Кое-что перекусить.20 Would you like to sit in the garden? Вы хотели бы посидеть в саду ?21 There are more chairs in the garden than there are in the living room. В саду больше стульев, чем в гостиной.22 And it's not as hot outside as it is inside. И снаружи не так жарко, как внутри.outside -
снаружи;
inside -
внутри23 Ian, you haven't got to stay here. Иан, тебе не нужно оставаться здесь, (букв.
Иан, ты не должен оставаться здесь.)24 Would you like to go for a walk with Simon? Ты не хотел бы погулять с Саймоном ?to go for a walk -
гулять, пойти на прогулку25 Is anyone thirsty? Хотите пить ?thirsty томимый жаждой Английское
to be thirsty соответствует русскому хотеть пить.
Is anyone thirsty? Кто-нибудь хочет пить ?26 I'd love a cold drink. Я бы хотел выпить что-нибудь холодное. Вы хорошо знаете слово like -
любить, нравиться. Глагол
to love также означает
любить, но передает более сильное и глубокое чувство, чем глагол
to like.
I like football. -
Мне нравится футбол. I love football. -
Я очень люблю футбол.27 I had a drink at a cafe. Я выпил в кафе.28 Did you have anything to eat? Вы что-нибудь ели ? (то есть:
Вы хотите есть? Вы не голодны?)Глагол
have в устойчивом словосочетании
to have something to eat -
перекусить, поесть - подчиняется тому же правилу, что и в оборотах типа
to have a good journey (см. прим. 16 к этому уроку):
Did you have anything to eat?
29 No, we didn't have any food. We weren't hungry. Нет, мы не ели. (букв.
Мы не имели никакой пищи.) Мы были не голодны.30 Are you hungry now? Вы хотите есть?hungry голодный То be hungry -
быть голодным, хотеть есть Are you hungry? Вы хотите есть ? Are you thirsty? Вы хотите пить ?31 I'm not but Simon might be. Я нет, но, может быть, Саймон хочет.32 Не was hungry an hour ago. Час назад он хотел есть.33 But he didn't have anything to eat. Но он ничего не ел.34 Не only had a lemonade. Он только пил лимонад.35 There are some biscuits in the kitchen. В кухне есть печенье.36 Would you like a few, Simon? Хочешь, Саймон ? (букв.
Хочешь несколько, Саймон?)37 You had some this morning. Ты уже ел сегодня.38 Are you still hungry? Ты все еще хочешь есть ?39 I'm always hungry. Я всегда хочу есть. (Я всегда голоден.)40 Why don't you all go for a swim? Почему бы вам всем не пойти искупаться ?41 You haven't got to help Clare. Тебе не нужно помогать Клэр.42 What time have we got to come back? Когда мы должны вернуться ?43 About one. Примерно к часу.44 It was terribly hot here last week. Ha пpoшлой неделе здесь было ужасно жарко.45 We had a picnic on the beach every evening. Каждый вечер мы устраивали пикник на тяже.46 I'm sure they'd love to. Я уверен, что они бы очень хотели. they'd love to they would love to47 How long have you lived here, Clare? Сколько времени вы здесь живёте, Клэp?В этом предложении форма настоящего совершенного времени переводится на русский язык настоящим временем, так как имеется в виду: "сколько времени вы здесь прожили вплоть до настоящего момента?"
48 Since last June ... about a year. С прошлого июня . . . примерно год.49 December and February were much colder than January. Декабрь и февраль были гораздо холоднее, чем январь.В английском языке названия месяцев пишутся с большой буквы.
50 Of course we didn't have as much snow as you had in Geneva. Разумеется, у нас было не так много снега, как у вас в Женеве.to have snow образует вопросительную форму так же, как и
to have a good journey, to have a bad day, to have something to eat, to have some food - с помощью вспомогательного глагола
to do. Итак, сформулируем правило: в тех случаях, когда глагол
to have является не вспомогательным, а основным в предложении и имеет значение
взять, получить, пережить, испытать (эти значения в грамматике называют "динамическими" в противоположность основному "статическому" значению
to have иметь, обладать) вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются, как и для всех глаголов, с помощью вспомогательного глагола
do в нужном времени. Например,
Did you have much snow?We didn't have as much snow as you had in Geneva. Ho:
Have you seen the Hunts? (вспомогательный глагол)
I haven't seen the Hunts.51 I think autumn was the most beautiful season. Я думаю, осень была самым прекрасным временем года.52 The days were clear and dry. Дни стояли ясные и сухие, (букв.
Дни были ясные и сухие.)53 It was sunny and warm all the time. Все время было солнечно и тепло.54 We had a lot of rain. Все время лил дождь, (букв,
имели много дождя.)55 What was last spring like? Какая была весна в прошлом году ? (букв.
Какая была прошлая весна?)56 But the summer's been marvellous this year. Но лето в этом году замечательное.При описании тех времен года, которые уже прошли,
(last winter, last autumn, last spring) употреблялось простое прошедшее время
(was, were, had). Разговор происходит летом. Лето началось в прошлом, но ещё не кончилось, оно продолжается в настоящий момент. Именно это выражает форма настоящего совершенного времени
's been = has been.57 Is August as hot as July? В августе так же жарко, как в июле ?58 No. . . .
It's usually cooler and drier. Hem. . . . В августе обычно прохладнее и суше. (букв.
Он обычно прохладнее и суше.) It подразумевает слово
August.59 It sounds wonderful. Это звучит чудесно.60 Guy might take a job in London. Может быть, Гай получит работу в Лондоне.61 We might but we might not. Может быть, а может быть и нет. EXERCISESExercise 1ExamplesLouise: It is a very hot summer and we are all in Geneva. It was a very hot summer and we were all in Geneva. The Thompsons are our neighbours. Tlie Thompsons were our neighbours.Louise: I am a secretary at the United Nations.
Mr. Thompson is a friend of my father.
Dick: Are the Phillips there?
Louise: No, they are not there.
Dick: Is George Thompson there?
Louise: Yes, he is. He is fifteen.
He is still at school.
Dick: Is he your boy-friend?
Louise: No, he is not. He is too young.
Dick: Are Ann and Mrs. Thompson your friends, too?
Louise: Yes. They are both very friendly.
Ann is my best friend.
She is twenty.
She is still a student.
Dick: How old are you? Are you twenty?
Louise: No, I am not twenty. I am twenty-one.
Exercise 2ExamplesJane is not tired. buy a new dressSheila has got a lot of
clothes.
go to bed earlyJane has not got to go
to bed early.Sheila has not got to buy a new dress.1 Jane is not tired.
buy any food this week2 Sheila has got a
lot of
clothes.
look for a flat3 Harry has got a
lot of money.
phone the restaurant4 Mrs. Hunt has got a lot of food in the house.
cash a cheque today5 We have bought a house in the country.
go to bed early6
You have already booked a
table.
buy a new dress7 I have got six airletters.
go to a snack-bar8
We have hired a car.
phone them tonight9 I have written to the Blakes.
go to the post office yet10 They have already had dinner in
the hotel.
buy a carExercise 3ExamplesI have got a lot of clothes. last year/tomorrow/next weekI had a lot of clothes last year.They are not having a picnic on the beach. next Tuesday/yesterday/tomorrowThey
did not have a picnic on the beach yesterday.1 He hes got a shop in Oxford Street.
four years ago/next year/today2 We are not having a cup of coffee
tomorrow morning/yesterday in the snack-bar.
morning/ next Thursday3 You have not got any money.
two years ago/today/tomorrow4 You have got a reservation.
this evening/today/yesterday evening5 They have got a new house.
last winter/next spring/now6 I have not got any orange lipsticks.
next week/last year/next autumn7 He has not got my address.
next summer/today/last month8 We have got six blankets on the bed.
last night/this evening/tomorrow morning
Exercise 4
|
|
I
|
|
May
|
|
go for a swim?
|
|
we
|
|
Can
|
|
have some biscuits?
|
|
Simon
|
|
Examples
May I go for a swim? May we go for a swim ? May Simon go for a swim?1...
2...
3...
4...
5...
6...
7...
8...
9...
10...
11...
12...
Exercise 5ExamplesWhere's Maty? dining-room;kitchen She was in the dining-room a minute ago but she might be in the kitchen now.Where's Joe?
garden; garage He was in the garden a minute ago but he might be in the garage now.
|
|
|
|
1 Where's Sarah?
|
shop; restaurant
|
2 Where are Mr. and Mrs. Hunt?
|
hotel; taxi
|
3 Where's Peter?
|
his room; the bathroom
|
4 Where are Sheila and Jane?
|
snack-bar; newsagent's
|
5 Where's Simon?
|
his bedroom; the living-room
|
6 Where are they?
|
customs area; waiting-room
|
7 Where is she?
|
food department; dress department
|
8 Where is he?
|
newsagent's; chemist's
|
Exercise 6ExamplesJanuary; coldIt was very cold in January.February; wetIt was very wet in February.1 March; dry2 April; nice3 May; warm4 June; sunny5 July; hot6 August; pleasant7 September; beautiful8 October; nice9 November; wet10 December; cold CLIMATE AND WEATHER IN GREAT BRITAINThe climate in Great Britain is mild and temperate due to the influence of the Gulf Stream.
The British often say: "Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather." The weather in Britain is very changeable. A fine morning can change into a wet afternoon and evening. And a nasty morning can change to a fine afternoon. That's why it is natural for the British to use the comparison "as changeable as the weather" of a person who often changes his mood or opinion about something.
The British also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when it rains all day long.
The weather is the favourite conversational topic in England. When two Englishmen meet, their first words will be "How do you do?" or "How are you?" And after the reply "Very well, thank you; how are you?" the next remark is almost certain to be about the weather. When they go abroad the British often surprise people of other nationalities by this tendency to talk about the weather, a topic of conversation that other people do not find so interesting.
The best time of the year in Britain is spring (of course, it rains in spring too).
The two worst months in Britain are January and February. They are cold. damp and unpleasant. The best place in the world then is at home by the big fire.
Summer months are rather cold and there can be a lot of rainy days. So most people who look forward to summer holidays, plan to go abroad for the summer — to France, Spain or some other place on the Continent.
The most unpleasant aspect of British weather is fog and smog. This :s extremely bad in big cities and especially in London.
The fog spreads everywhere, it is in the streets and it creeps into the houses. Cars move along slowly, but still street accidents are frequent in the fog. People cannot see each other. They creep along the houses touching then: with their hands not to lose their way or not to be run over by a car.
NamesGulf Stream Гольфстрим
the Continent континент
(так англичане называют Европу) Questions:1. Why is the climate in Britain mild?
2. The weather in Britain is very changeable, isn't it?
3. What comparison do the British use when they want to describe a person whose mood and opinion changes very often?
4. How often does it rain in Britain?
5. The weather is the favourite conversational topic in England, isn't it? Do you find this topic of conversation interesting?
6. What is the best time of the year in Britain?
7. When do the British prefer to stay at home by the big fire?
8. How do the British spend their short British summer?
9. What do you know about London fogs?
10. What kind of weather do you like best of all?
11. Where do you get the weather forecast ([fo:ka:st] прогноз погоды) from? Do you always believe it?
12. Which do you like better: when it's cold or hot?
13. What is the weather like today?
14. Do you know the weather forecast for tomorrow?
15. What is the weather like in Russia in winter (summer, autumn, spring)?
LESSON FIFTEEN (15)
FIFTEENTH (15TH) LESSONPart 1The hairdresser’s and the cleaner’sSheila Morgan This morning Mrs. Hunt's going to the hairdresser's to have her hair done. Jane and I are going to the launderette to wash some clothes. Then we're going to the cleaner's to have some other clothes cleaned. I want to have my pink suit cleaned. I might need it tomorrow. Mrs. Hunt's got to have her yellow dress cleaned because it's very dirty. She wants to wear it tonight. It's possible to have clothes cleaned and pressed very quickly here. The hairdresser's that Mrs. Hunt goes to is in Rose Avenue.
The launderette that we're going to is near there, too. We've got to be there by ten past ten (10.10) because Mrs. Hunt's appointment is at ten fifteen (10.15). Last week she was late because her taxi was in a traffic jam. Today, we might go by Underground.
Part 2The UndergroundSheila We can walk to the hairdresser's, can't we ?
Mrs. Hunt Yes, but we might be late. Sheila. I think we ought to take a taxi.
Sheila We haven't got to take a taxi.
Mrs. Hunt Yes, we have. I've got to be there by ten fifteen (10.15).
Sheila We can go by tube, can't we?
Mrs. Hunt Yes, we can but there isn't a tube station near the hairdresser's.
Sheila Yes, there is.
HurryMrs. Hunt Good. We might get there more quickly by tube than by taxi.
Sheila And the tube isn't as expensive as a taxi.
Mrs. Hunt How much is the fare?
Sheila It's the same as the bus fare, isn't it about ten pence (10р)?
Mrs. Hunt No, I think it's more than the bus fare.
Sheila You might be right.
Mrs. Hunt Or I might be wrong.
The Cleaner’s and the LaunderetteMrs. Hunt You were right, Sheila. The tube was faster than a taxi.
Sheila Yes, I think the Underground's the fastest way to travel in London.
Mrs. Hunt I'm on time now. I haven't got to hurry.
Sheila I ought to have my hair done too, oughtn't I? It looks awful.
Mrs. Hunt That's a good idea.
Sheila Would you make an appointment for me, Mrs. Hunt?
Mrs. Hunt When for?
Sheila For tomorrow morning.
Mrs. Hunt For the same time as my appointment today?
Sheila No, a different time. I'd like an early appointment, at about nine thirty (9.30).
Mrs. Hunt Jane, are you going to have your hair done, too?
Jane Well, I ought to have it cut, oughtn't I?
Mrs. Hunt Yes, you ought to; it's too long. I'm going to make an appointment for you, too.
Jane All right. Mum, it's ten past ten (10.10). You've got to hurry.
Mrs. Hunt Yes. Have you got enough change for the launderette? Remember. You've got to have the right coins for these machines.
Jane No, I haven't got much change but I can get some more.
Mrs. Hunt Good. And remember . . . you mustn't put the coloured clothes in the same machine as the white ones.
Jane Don't worry!
Jane We ought to go to the cleaner's first.
Sheila No, we ought to go to the launderette first, oughtn't we?
It's nearer. We don't want to waste time.
Jane Yes, you're right but it's usually very crowded, isn't it?
Sheila Yes but there might be two empty machines. Here's the launderette.
Jane The machines that are next to the dryer are empty, aren't they?
Sheila No, those are full. These two are empty. Now remember. You mustn't use too much soap and you mustn't put bleach in with the coloured clothes.
Jane Yes, I know. You sound the same as Mum.
Sheila Sorry. I think I ought to go to the cleaner's now. We haven't got much time.
Jane Yes, you're right. We oughtn't to waste time.
Sheila Is it possible to have this dress cleaned by this afternoon?
Lady Yes, madam.
Sheila Is it possible to have my suit done, too? There are a few spots on the jacket.
Lady No, we can't do the suit by this afternoon. Can you collect it tomorrow morning?
Sheila Yes, I can.
Mum’s hairJane 1 love your hair, Mum. It's the same as Sheila's style, isn't it?
Mrs. Hunt No, it's different from Sheila's hairstyle. Her hair's shorter. And it's different from the style that I usually wear. It was nicer last week, wasn't it?
Jane No, I think it's nicer this week.
Mrs. Hunt I'm glad you like it. Now, where are the clothes?
Jane They're still at the launderette.
Mrs. Hunt Did you have enough money?
Jane Yes. We had enough money, but they hadn't got a change machine.
Mrs. Hunt Oh dear.
Jane It's all right. The clothes might be ready by now.
Part 3A dirty carPat John's going to have his car washed.
Juch He had it washed yesterday, didn't he?
Pat Yes. He thinks it's dirty again. He's very fussy.
Judv John's car's the same as Bill's, isn't it?
Pat No, Bill's car's different from John's. Bill's car's dirty.
Jane is lateJane I ought to be at Tom's by half past eleven (11.30).
Jill You mustn't be late. Tom's always on time.
Jane I look awful. I haven't done my hair.
Jill You had your hair done yesterday. You look fine.
Jane Is it possible to go by bus?
Jill No, it's twenty-five past eleven (1 1.25). Go by taxi.
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