Часть первая
1 Simon's birthday. День рождения Саймона.
Вы снова встречаетесь с притяжательным падежом одушевленных имен существительных (см. прим. 1, урок 4).
2 I'm Mrs Hunt's sister. Я сестра миссис Хант.
3 This evening my sister's family is coming to celebrate my nephew's birthday. Сегодня вечером семья моей сестры придет отпраздновать день рождение моего племянника. Обратите внимание на то, что артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит другое существительное в притяжательном надеже: Simon's birthday, Mrs Hunt's sister, my sister's family, my nephew's birthday.
4 I've planned a small party but Simon doesn't know about it yet.
Я задумала устроить небольшой праздник, но Саймон ещё об этом не знает.
а I've planned I have planned
Вы встретились с новым видом времени английских глаголов, которое называется в грамматике совершенным и образуется с помощью глагола have. Настоящее совершенное время (have planned для глагола to plan) выражает действие законченное, совершенное к настоящему моменту, но связанное с моментом речи, имеющее отношение к тому, что происходит в данный момент. На русский язык настоящее совершенное время, как правило, переводится глаголами в прошедшем времени: I've planned Я задумала (см. ниже прим. 6, 7).
б A party - приём гостей, вечер, вечеринка. Это слово часто приходится переводить на русский язык описательно: принимать гостей, праздновать день рождения (a birthday party), и т.п. We're having a party this evening. - Сегодня вечером у нас гости. It was a lovely party. - Это был чудесный вечер.
в Not... yet - еще не . . . I'm not tired yet. - Я ещё не устала.
5 It's a surprise. Это сюрприз.
6 I haven't seen Sarah's family for five years. Я не видела семью Сэры в течение пяти лет.
a haven't seen - не видела
Ещё пример настоящего совершенного времени, на этот раз отрицательная форма.
б for в течение Предлог for употребляется в обстоятельствах времени, отвечающих на вопрос сколько ?
7 They've been in Geneva for three years. Они были в Женеве три года.
've been - have been - форма настоящего совершенного времени глагола to be.
8 Many of our friends still live in Bristol. Многие из наших друзей все еще живут в Бристоле.
Слово still - ещё, всё ещё употребляется в утвердительных предложениях. В отрицательных же предложениях в значении ещё употребляется yet, которое ставится в конце предложения. Например: I'm still tired. I'm not tired yet.
9 Next month we're going there to visit my husband's family. В следующем месяце мы поедем туда навестить родных моего мужа (букв, семью моего мужа).
Обратите внимание на отсутствие артикля перед выражением next month.
10 We're staying at his brother's house. Мы остановимся в доме его брата.
to stay - поселиться, остановиться, жить.
11 All my relatives are going too. Все мои родственники тоже едут Вы уже много раз встречали настоящее продолженное время, употребленное в значении будущего времени.
Часть вторая
12 The Fentons Семья Фентонов (См. прим. 6, урок 1 )
13 Someone's at the door, Carol. Кто-то пришел, Кэрол (букв. Кто-то у двери, Кэрол).
At the door - у дверей Предлог at, который вы встречали уже много раз (at the chemist's - в аптеке; at his brother's house - в доме его брата) может также означать у, около.
14 Is everything ready? Всё готово ?
15 Answer the door. Открой дверь.
Обратите внимание на то, что в предложении употреблен не известный вам глагол to open - открывать, а глагол to answer - отвечать, откликнуться. Мистер Фентон просит жену не просто открыть дверь, а скорее - посмотреть, кто пришел.
16 Hello! I'm so happy to see you. Здравствуйте! Я так рада вас видеть (букв, счастлива вас видеть).
17 Come in! Заходите!
18 Carol, you look very well. Кэрол, ты очень хорошо выглядишь.
19 Sarah, you've forgotten to introduce Sheila. Сэра, ты забыла представить Шейлу.
've forgotten = have forgotten - форма настоящего совершенного времени глагола to forget - забывать.
20 Carol, we've brought a friend with us. Кэрол, мы привели с собой подругу.
've brought = have brought - форма настоящего совершенного времени глагола to bring.
21 She hasn't visited London before. Она никогда не была прежде в Лондоне (букв, она не посещала Лондон прежде).
22 Now sit down everyone. Садитесь все. everyone - все, каждый everything - всё someone кто-то, кто-нибудь something что-то, кое-что
23 I've made some tea. Я приготовила чай.
а I’ve made = have made форма настоящего совершенного времени глагола to make
б to make tea заварить чай, приготовить чай
24 Can Jane help me? Of course she can. Может Джейн мне помочь ? Конечно.
25 How long have you been here? Сколько времени вы здесь пробыли?
How long сколько времени ?
How much - сколько? (о неисчисляемых существительных).
How many сколько? (об исчисляемых существительных).
26 We've been here since Sunday. Мы здесь с воскресенья.
а В этом предложении форма настоящего совершенного времени глагола to be переводится на русский язык настоящим временем.
б Since с тех пор В предложениях с предлогом since часто употребляется совершенное время, т.к. он обозначает отрезок времени от какого-то момента в прошлом до момента речи включительно.
27 We've been very busy but we haven't seen very many things. Мы были очень заняты, но видели мало. (букв. Мы были очень заняты, но мы не видели очень многих вещей.)
28 Have the girls bought anything? Девочки купили что-нибудь ? Have bought форма настоящего совершенного времени глагола to buy покупать.
29 Has he finished university? Он уже кончил университет ?
a has finished - форма настоящего совершенного времени глагола to finish.
Итак, в этом уроке вам встретились формы настоящего совершенного времени для всех лиц: I have planned We have lived
You have bought You have been
He has finished They have bought
She has visited
Как видите, все эти формы - сложные. В них обязательно входит глагол to have в форме настоящего времени - have для всех лиц, кроме третьего лица единственного числа - has (he has finished). Глагол to have является вспомогательным и помогает образовать вопросительную и отрицательную форму: Has he finished ...? We haven't seen .... Основной же глагол выступает в форме причастия прошедшего времени. Обратите внимание на окончания основных глаголов в следующих примерах:
I've planned We've shopped
We've lived He's finished
She's visited
Все они имеют окончание -ed. Большинство глаголов в английском языке образуют форму причастия прошедшего времени путем прибавления окончания -ed. Такие глаголы называются правильными. Однако прибавление окончания -ed происходит по-разному. Так, например: He's finished инфинитив - to finish She's visited - to visit
Окончание -ed прибавляется к форме инфинитива. He's lived - инфинитив - to live. Инфинитив глагола оканчивается на -е, поэтому для образования причастия настоящего времени требуется добавить только -d.
I've planned - инфинитив - to plan I've shopped - to shop
Инфинитив этих глаголов оканчивается на одиночную согласную букву (n, р). Перед прибавлением -ed она удваивается - shop-p-ed, plan-n-ed В случаях же:
I've seen We've brought
They've been I've made
You've forgotten They've bought
Формы причастия прошедшего времени основных глаголов образованы не по правилу (т.е. не путем прибавления окончания -ed). Такие глаголы называются неправильными. Следовательно, to see, to be, to forget, to bring, to make, to buy - неправильные глаголы. Формы неправильных глаголов нужно просто запомнить.
б Yet - уже. Выше (см. прим. 4, 8 к этому уроку) вы познакомились с другим значением слова yet - ещё, которое оно имеет в отрицательных предложениях.
30 Не works in an export company. Он работает в экспортной компании.
He's working in an export company. - форма настоящего продолженного времени показывает, что он там работает сейчас, в момент речи.
Не works in an export company. - форма настоящего времени показывает, что в настоящее время (не сию минуту, а вообще) он работает в этой компании, это - его место работы.
31 He's worked there since January. Он работает там с января. Форма настоящего совершенного времени показывает, что он начал работать в компании в прошлом (в январе) и продолжает в настоящее время там работать (since January - с января по настоящий момент включительно). Переводится на русский язык настоящим временем.
32 We still haven't met Chris's fiancee. Мы еще не видели невесту Криса (букв, не встречали).
а Обратите внимание на произношение притяжательного падежа от имени Chris - Chris's.
б met причастие прошедшего времени глагола to meet (неправильный глагол).
33 Either this month or next month. Или в этом месяце, или в следующем.
34 How long is Chris's holiday? Сколько времени у Криса отпуск ? или Какова продолжительность отпуска у Криса ?
35 No one's told him yet. Никто ему еще не сказал.
а Told - причастие прошедшего времени неправильного глагола to tell.
б No one - никто
Someone - кто-то
Everyone - каждый, все
Nothing - ничто
Something - что-то
Everything - всё
36 Maggie's got four weeks' holiday. У Мэгги отпуск четыре недели.
а 's got = has got
б four weeks' holiday Кроме одушевленных лиц, форму притяжательного падежа могут также иметь существительные, означающие отрезки времени:
A year's holiday - годичный отпуск
A month's holiday - месячный отпуск
Three weeks' holiday - трёхнедельный отпуск
Five days' holiday - пятидневный отпуск Для существительных, имеющих во множественном числе окончание -s, форма притяжательного падежа множественного числа образуется путём прибавления апострофа: weeks', months', days', years', и т.п. Итак, one week's holiday, но two weeks' holiday. В произношении разницы между формами week's и weeks' нет.
37 Her name's Margaret but we call her Maggie. Её зовут Маргарет, но мы называем ее Мэгги.
Her name's Margaret - её зовут Маргарет (букв, её имя Маргарет).
My name's Jane. - Меня зовут Джейн.
His name's Chris. - Его зовут Крис.
Maggie уменьшительное от Margaret.
Chris - уменьшительное от Christopher.
Tim уменьшительное от Timothy.
38 Happy birthday! С днём рождения! (букв. Счастливого дня рождения!)
Общепринятая форма поздравления с днём рождения.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1
Examples
I am staying with Simon. Today is his birthday.
Today is Simon's birthday.
George is living with Mary. Mary is his wife.
Mary is George's wife.
1 I am visiting my parents. The Hunts are their friends.
2 Mary works for Bob. Mary is not his sister.
3 Jane is sitting on the chair. It is her chair.
4 My relatives all work in the restaurant. It is their restaurant.
5 His sisters are spending a lot of money. It is their money.
6 David is looking for Peter. Peter is his son.
7 The girls are visiting Jean. Jean is their aunt.
8 Louise is meeting her father. That is not her father.
Exercise 2
Examples
I am buying a suitcase. has brought
He is bringing the wine. have bought
I have bought a suitcase
He has brought the wine.
1 They are bringing a pie. has met
2 You are making some tea. has bought
3 He is meeting my aunt. has made
4 She is seeing a lot of places. have brought
5 He is buying some wine. have made
6 She is making a cup of coffee. have seen
7 I am meeting your wife. have met
8 You are seeing everything. has seen
Exercise 3
Examples
I have shopped all day.
Have you bought anything?
I have shopped all day but I have not bought anything.
He has been to London.
Has he seen the National Gallery?
He has been to London but he has not seen the National Gallery.
1 She has brought the map. Has she forgotten the way?
2 They have worked in London. Have they lived there?
3 We have made an apple pie. Have you brought it with you?
4 She has bought some Swiss dresses. Has she been to Switzerland?
5 We have seen her friend. Have you met her?
6 They have bought some lovely things. Have they brought them home?
Exercise 4
Examples
Have you been there before? this year
Yes, I have but I have not been there this year.
Has your wife shopped at the big shops? small shops
Yes, she has but she has not shopped at the small shops.
1 Have they visited Bristol? Scotland
2 Has he met their aunt cousins
5 Have we brought the wine? melon
6 Have the Hunts lived in Geneva? London
7 Has he bought the steak? vegetables
8 Have you forgotten my perfume? my whisky
9 Has Sheila seen London? Bristol
Exercise 5
 
Carol = James Fenton Sarah = Guy Hunt
T im Chris Margaret Simon Jane
(Maggie)
Examples
James Fenton is Carol's husband. Who is Sarah Hunt?
She is Carol's sister.
Tim Fenton is Chris's brother. Who is Maggie?
She is Chris's fiancee.
1 Jane is Simon's sister. Who is Chris?
2 Sarah is Guy's wife. Who is Jane?
3 Simon is Tim's cousin. Who is Chris?
4 Tim is James's son. Who is Carol?
5 Guy is Jane's father. Who is Sarah?
6 Jane is Sarah's daughter. Who is Simon?
7 Simon is Jane's brother Who is Guy?.
8 Maggie is Chris's fiancee. Who is James?
Exercise 6
Examples
I am Ann. I have ... in London ... many years. work; for/since
I am Ann. I have worked in London for many years.
That is Mary. She has ... with me ... Sunday. live; for/since
That is Mary. She has lived with me since Sunday.
1 She has ... to visit me ... two years. plan; for/since
2 I am having my holiday. I have not......Friday. work; for/since
3 Every day we have......five hours. shop; for/since
4 Today we have......nine o'clock. shop; for/since
5 It is five o'clock now. We have......eight hours. shop; for/since
6 Mary has ... in Geneva ... three years. live; for/since
7 She has ... there ... the second year. work; for/since
8 Her father has not... in England... a long time. live; for/since
HOBBIES
Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting.
Hobbies are divided into four large classes: doing things, making things, collecting things, and learning things.
The most popular of all hobby groups is doing things. It includes a wide variety of activities, everything from gardening to travelling and from chess to volleyball.
Gardening is one of the oldest of man's hobbies. It's a well-known fact that the English are very fond of gardening and growing flowers, especially roses.
Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games. This is a relatively new hobby but it's becoming more and more popular.
Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture, designing costumes, handicrafts. Two of the most famous hobby painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill. Some hobbyists write music or play musical instruments.
Almost everyone collects something at some period in his life: stamps, coins, matchboxes, books, records, postcards, toys, watches. Some collections have no real value. Others become so large and so valuable that they are housed in museums and galleries. Many world-famous collections started in a small way with one or two items. People with a good deal of money often collect paintings, rare books and other art objects. Often such private collections are given to museums, libraries and public galleries so that others might take
pleasure in seeing them.
No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has the opportunity of learning from it. By reading about the things he is interested in, he is adding to what he knows. Learning things can be the most exciting aspect of a hobby.
Questions:
1. Tastes differ. Can you say the same about hobbies?
2. Have you chosen a hobby according to your character and taste?
3. Which hobby groups do you know?
4. The most popular hobby group is doing things, isn't it? What kind of activities does this group include?
5. What do you know about gardening?
6. Do you like computer games?
7. Are you fond of making things?
8. Do you know any famous hobbyists?
9. Have you ever collected anything?
10. What can be collected?
11. Do you know of any private collections that were given to museums or art galleries?
12. Do you agree that learning can be the most exciting aspect of a hobby? Why?
LESSON TEN (10)
TENTH (10TH) LESSON
PART I
The party
What a wonderful surprise! My aunt and uncle are so kind. They remember my birthday every year. I've already received one present. Mum's parents have sent me two pounds (£2). My grandparents send me money every year. Dad's parents haven't sent me anything yet. My grandmother's written me a letter. She's making me a sweater but she hasn't finished it yet. My grandfather's sending me something, too. It hasn't come yet. I've already seen my parents' present. It's been in their wardrobe since yesterday. It's either a football or a pair of football boots. Of course I haven't opened the parcel yet.
PART 2
The presents
Mrs. Fenton Why don't you .sit on that sofa to open your presents? No one can see you in that corner. Which one are you opening first?
Simon Tim's present.
Tim Oh no, don't open my present first. Open Sheila's present first.
Simon All right. Oh, what a wonderful record!
Mrs. Fenton What kind of record is it?
Simon Jazz .. . Why don't we listen to it?
Mrs. Fenton What a good idea! Jane, put your brother's record on the record player. Which one do you want to open next Simon?
Simon Give me Tim's present, please. Another record .... Thanks, Tim.
Mrs. Fenton Why don't you open your parents' present next? Which one is it?
Simon I've already seen it.
Mrs. Fenton What is it?
Simon It's either football or a pair of football boots. No, I'm wrong... It's a radio... gosh!
At the table
Mrs. Fenton Who's coming into the dining-room for tea?
Mr. Hunt Everyone's coming.
Mrs. Fenton Don't sit here, Simon. This is your seat,
Simon I'm sorry. Who’s sitting next to me?
Mrs. Fenton That's your uncle's seat.
Tim Which is my chair, Mum?
Mrs. Fenlon This one, and that's Sheila's chair next to you. And Jane's seat is here beside me. Sit down, everyone.
Mr. Hunt Simon, would you turn off your radio, please? You can listen to it later.
Simon I'm sorry.
Mrs. Fenton Can someone help me in the kitchen, please?
Jane Of course, Aunt Carol.
Ice-cream and cake
Mrs. Fenton Now, has everyone had some Ice-cream and some cake?
Jane No, I haven't.
Mrs. Fenton I'm sorry, Jane. What kind of ice-cream would you like?
Jane Strawberry, please.
Mrs. Fenton Who's having more tea?
Sheila I'd like another cup of tea, please.
Mrs. Fenton With milk and sugar, Sheila?
Sheila With milk but without sugar.
Mrs. Fenton Would anyone like some more cake?
Jane I haven’t eaten my first piece yet.
Mrs. Fenton Simon, have you had another piece of cake?
Simon No, I haven’t but I'd like another piece.
Mrs. Fenton And a little more ice-cream?
Simon No, thank you but I'd like a little more lemonade, please.
Tim Mum, this is terrific. You haven't made a cake since Dad's birthday.
Mrs. Fenton Would you like some more cake, Tim?
Tim Of course I would.
Good-bye.
Mrs. Hunt Thank you for a wonderful evening, Carol.
Mrs. Fenton Not at all, Sarah. We've enjoyed it, too. Has Simon got all his presents?
Simon Yes and thanks again for the dictionary.
Mrs. Hunt He can use it at school.
Mr. Fenton Why don't you come to see my college? Simon and Jane can see the Union. Have they thought about university yet?
Mrs. Hunt Yes, Jane's going to Birmingham in October. Simon's wailing for his ‘O’ level exam results. He's not leaving school yet.
Mr. Fenton What subject are you going to take at university? Have you decided yet?
Mrs. Hunt No, he hasn't.
Simon I'm not interested in university. I want to leave school next year.
Mrs. Hunt Nonsense, Simon. You're not leaving school until you're eighteen.
Mr. Fenton Some of the technical colleges have very interesting courses. Why don't you all come to my college next Tuesday? I can give you a list of courses.
Mrs. Hunt What a good idea! Thanks, James.
PART 3
Sit down.
Dick Is this anyone's seat?
Helen Yes, it's my sister's seat.
Dick Can I sit in that one?
Helen No, don't sit there, that's someone's seat, too.
Dick Well, which chair can I have?
Helen Why don't you sit in that one?
Dick Yes. No one's sitting there.
Helen Good, now everyone's got a seat.
Mike's birthday
Tom Have you thought about Mike's birthday yet?
Sue Yes, I've already made a list of presents.
Tom Good. Give niu the list and I can buy the things.
Sue Why don't you look at the list first?
Tom All right. Goodness! What a list! These things for girls.
Sue I like them.
Tom Yes, but you're a girl.
Комментарий к десятому уроку
|
