Минспорта Чувашии Разговорные темы Подготовка к экзаменам Издание второе, переработанное и дополненное

БОУ СПО «ЧУОР (техникум)» Минспорта Чувашии Разговорные темы Подготовка к экзаменам Издание второе, переработанное и дополненное Чебоксары-2012 УДК – 811.111. (075. 8) ББК – 81. 2. АНГ – 923/ Ш – 64 Ширкунова З. И. Разговорные темы. Подготовка к экзаменам БОУ СПО «ЧУОР (техникум)» Минспорта Чувашии, 2012г. – 64с. Методическое пособие составлено в соответствии с программой «Английский язык». Москва, «Просвещение». Печатается по разрешению методического объединения БОУ СПО «ЧУОР (техникум)» Минспорта Чувашии. Рецензенты: Рецензент: доцент кафедры иностранных языков БОУ ДПО (ПК) С «Чувашский Республиканский Институт Образования» Минобразования Чувашии, кандидат педагогических наук Т. В. Шелухина Преподаватель иностранного языка БОУ СПО «ЧУОР (техникум) Минспорта Чувашии О. С. Никитина Пособие предназначено для учащихся и студентов училища олимпийского резерва. Цель пособия – развить навыки устной речи, помочь учащимся самостоятельно подготовиться к экзаменам. УДК – 811.111. (075. 8) ББК – 81. 2. АНГ – 923/ © Ширкунова З. И., 2012г. © БОУ СПО «ЧУОР (техникум)» Минспорта Чувашии, 2012г. Предисловие Данное пособие предназначено для учащихся училища олимпийского резерва, которое поможет им сдать школьный экзамен по английскому языку за 9 класс. В пособие включены разговорные темы, рекомендованные Министерством образования Российской Федерации в качестве материалов для проведения экзаменов по английскому языку. Цель настоящего пособия – развить навыки устной речи, самостоятельно овладеть разговорной речью по историческим, культурным и бытовым темам. Каждая тема представляет собой законченное сообщение, которое сопровождается небольшим словарём и вопросами по теме. Знание предложенных текстов поможет при общении с носителями языка вести беседу по любой из предложенных и изученных тем, расширит кругозор, поможет сделать сообщение по определённой теме. Предложенные после текста вопросы дают возможность осуществить контроль понимания текса и уровня языковой подготовки учащихся. В данном пособии предлагаются следующие темы: 1. Our country. 2. Moscow. 3. Great Britain. 4. London. 5. The Royal family. 6. The system of education in the UK. 7. My native town – Cheboksary. 8. My school – Sport College of the Olympic Reserve. 9. Choosing future profession. 10. Studying foreign languages. 11. Travelling. 12. Sport and healthy way of life. 13. Mass media. 14. Books. 15. Protection of the environment. 16. Outstanding people. 17. Fashion in the USA and Britain. 18. Music in our life. 19. Bad habits. 20. Youth problems. 21. My visit card. 22. Russian and English holidays. 23. Hobbies. 24. Art. 25. Museums and Picture galleries. 26. The United States of America. 27. Washington. 28. New York. 29. George Bush. 30. The system of education in the USA. 31. My household duties. В этом пособии в приложении также помещены неправильные глаголы с переводом и разговорные клише, которые в типичной ситуации облегчат общение. Our country. Russia is one of the largest countries in the world. It occupies about one-seventh part of dry land. It is situated in Europe and Asia. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometers. The country is washed by seas and oceans. There are different types of climate on the territory of the country. It is very cold in the North even in summer. The central part of the country has mild climate: winters are cold, springs and autumns are warm or cool, summers are hot and warm. In the South the temperature is usually above zero all year round, even in winter. Summer is really hot, the climate is very favourable. The climate of Siberia is continental: summers are hot and dry, winters are very cold. Some parts of our country are covered with mountains and hills. There are many rivers in Russia, the longest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Yenisei and the Ob in Asia. The deepest lakes are the Baikal and the Ladoga. The Russian Federation is very rich in mineral resources, such as oil, natural gas, coal, iron, gold and others. Russia borders on many countries. Among them are Estonia, Latvia, Finland, Poland, China, Mongolia, Korea. The population of Russia is about 150 million people. 83 per cent of the population are Russians. But there are a lot of other nationalities in Russia. Russia is a constitutional, or parliamentary republic. The capital of the country is Moscow. The head of the state is the President who controls all the three branches of power. The Federal Assembly, consisting of the Council of Federation and the State Duma exercises the legislative power. The Federal Assembly is also called the Parliament. Both chambers (the Council of Federation and the State Duma) are headed by chairmen sometimes called speakers. The Federal Government represents the executive branch of power. The President appoints its head, the Chairman of the Government but the Duma must approve his appointment. Some people think it doesn’t matter what country to live in. But I don’t understand them. I don’t want to live anywhere else but in Russia. I think that there is no place like home. Russia is our motherland and I love it very much. Words and expressions: mild climate – умеренный климат favourable – благоприятный; подходящий … are covered – покрыты oil – нефть coal – уголь iron – железо to border - граничить the head of state – глава государства to exercise – рассматривать legislative branch of power – законодательная власть executive branch of power – исполнительная власть to consist of - состоять chairman – председатель to appoint – назначать it doesn’t matter – не имеет значения motherland – родина Answer the questions: Where is Russia situated ? What can you say about the climate of Russia? What mineral resources is our country rich? Is Russia a constitutional republic or monarchy? What does the Federal Assembly consist of? Are you proud of our motherland? Moscow. Moscow is known all over the world because it is the capital of the largest and one of the most powerful states on the Earth. It is the political, economic, scientific and cultural heart of Russia. More than 8,000,000 people live in Moscow. The Kremlin of Moscow is the symbol of the Russian politics because all main official organizations are situated here. The Mausoleum, the Grand Kremlin Palace, the State Kremlin Palace and the President’s residence are on the territory of the Kremlin. The towers of the Kremlin are the symbol of Russia, especially the Spasskaya Tower. The building of the Assembly of Federation is also situated in Moscow. Moscow was founded in 1147 by Yuri Dolgoruky. The total area of Moscow is about nine hundred square kilometers. We say that Moscow is a port of five seas, as the Moscow- Volga Canal links Moscow with the Baltic, White, Caspian and Black seas and the Sea of Azov. Moscow is now one of the most important centres of culture and science. There are more than 70 educational and research institutes and universities in Moscow, including the greatest Moscow University named after M.V. Lomonosov. There are more than 80 museums in Moscow. The most famous of them are Oruzheynaya Palata, the so called Diamond Fund, the Tsar Bell and the Tsar Cannon. The State Tretyakov Gallery is the greatest museum of Russian art, one of the world’s leading museums. Moscow is sometimes also called gold- domed because of the numerous churches and cathedrals each of which has gilded domes. One of the most famous churches is the Cathedral of Basil the Blessed. Moscow is also a city of theatres. The Bolshoi Theatre is one the famous theatres in the world. The traffic in Moscow is very heavy. The Moscow Underground is the oldest and has 9 lines. There are also buses, trams, trolley-buses and taxis of all kinds. Moscow receives about a million guests from all over the world every day. Words and expressions: powerful – мощный the Earth – Земля scientific – научный heart – сердце are situated – находятся, расположены was founded – был основан important – важный research – исследовательский to include – включать Diamond Fund – Алмазный фонд domed – куполообразный is called – называется church – церковь gilded - позолоченный the Cathedral of Basil the Blessed – собор Василия Блаженного to receive – получать Answer the questions: What is the capital of Russia? Have you ever been to Moscow? When and whom was Moscow founded? Why is Moscow called gold-domed? What can you say about the traffic in Moscow? What places of interest would you like to see in Moscow? Great Britain. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, Scotland and Wales occupy the territory of Great Britain. Northern Ireland is situated in the Northern part of Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometres. The population of the U.K. is nearly 60 million people. About 80 % of the population is urban. The capital of the country is London. The northern and western part of the country is mountainous and is called the Highlands. All the rest (south, east and centre) is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not long. The most important of them are the Severn and the Thames. There are many beautiful lakes in Great Britain, especially in the Lake District where many people like to spend their holidays. The climate of Great Britain is mild. It is not too hot in summer or too cold too in winter. It often rains in England. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge Universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centres of Europe. The education is not free, it is very expensive. English people are fond of gardening. Many of them live in small houses and keep small gardens. The traditional English meal is fish and chips. They also go to pubs, which are eating houses where you can have drinks and meals. In pubs the game of darts is often played. It is a traditional English game. The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of the two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Britain is a very nice country and I’d like to visit it. Words and expressions: urban – городской highland – возвышенность lowland – низменность chemicals – химикалии aircraft – авиация chamber (house) - палата equipment – оборудование Answer the questions: What countries does the United Kingdom consist of? What are there main rivers in Britain? What can you say about the climate of Britain? Is Britain a highly developed country? Where are there the most famous educational centres in Britain? What is one of the chief industries of the country? Who is the head of the country and who is ruled the country by in practice? What are the British fond of? London. London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. It’s one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is more than 9 million people. London is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old and beautiful. It was founded more than two thousand years ago. Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, the West End, the East End and Westminster. The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. Westminster is the most important part of the capital. It’s the administrative centre. The Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Government, are there. It’s a very beautiful building with two towers and a very big clock called Big Ben. Big Ben is really the clock which strikes every quarter of an hour. Opposite the Houses of Parliament is Westminster Abbey. It’s a very nice church built over 900 years ago. The tombs of many great statesmen, scientists and writers are there. To the west of Westminster is the West End. Here we find most of the big shops, hotels, museums, art galleries, theatres and concert halls. Piccadilly Circus is the heart of London’s West End. There are wide streets with beautiful houses and many parks, gardens and squares in the West End. To the east of Westminster is the East End, an industrial district of the capital. There are no parks or gardens in the East End and you can’t see many fine houses there. Most of the plants and factories are situated there. London has many places of interest. One of them is Buckingham Palace. It’s the residence of the Queen. The English are proud if Trafalgar Square, which is named so in memory of the victory at the battle. There in 1805 the English fleet defeated the fleet of France and Spain. The last place I’d like to mention, is the British Museum, the biggest museum in London. The museum is famous for its library – one of the richest in the world. All London’s long-past history is told by its streets. There are many streets in London which are known all over the world. Among them Oxford Street, Downing Street and a lot of others can be mentioned. And tourists are usually attracted not only by the places of interest but by the streets too. In conclusion I should say if you are lucky enough to fine yourself in London some day you will have a lot to see and enjoy there. Words and expressions: it was founded – был основан is divided – делится important – важный to strike – бить (о часах) quarter – четверть church – церковь opposite – напротив heart – сердце district – район fleet – флот to defeat – наносить поражение I’d like to mention – мне бы хотелось отметить to attract – привлекать tomb – могила in conclusion – в заключении

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