Учебное пособие по практической грамматике казанцев С. А

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Название	Учебное пособие по практической грамматике казанцев С. А
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150. Сравните следующие пары предложений. Объясните употребление выделенных форм.
1. (a) When I was a child my family lived in Moscow. (b) My family has lived here since my childhood.

2. (a) Don4 worry, I posted your letter in the morning. (b) Iۥm sorry, but I've only just posted your letter.

3. (a) Mary came back on Sunday. (b) Try to get Bob on the phone. They say he has already come back.

4. (a) Last year Jack visited his friends in New York. (b) I've never visited these countries.

5. (a) If you've done all I told you to, you can go and play. (b) She did everything yesterday evening, so today she is quite free.

6. (a) My watch was all right in the morning, but now it has stopped. (b) My watch stopped at 8 o'clock this morning.

7. (a) Don't take your umbrella, it has cleared up. (b) After several rainy days it at last cleared up last evening.

8. (a) He came in a moment ago. (b) She has just come in.

9. (a) That winder they spent their holidays in the mountains. (b) This winter we have spent the holidays in town.

10. (a) I didn't see Jane in August. (b) Have you seen any of them since August?

160. Tenses: present perfect and Past Simple

A: I suppose you met Tom some time ago.

B: No, I've only just met him.
I suppose ... some time ago.

you heard this (Use it for this.)
he arrived
she left
they got engaged
she arranged this (Use it.)
she accepted your suggestion
they bought the house
he told her
the course began
the shop opened
he suggested this (Use it.)
you and Tom enrolled
he passed his test
you signed the lease
they cancelled their booking
he resigned
they emigrated
they arrested him
he answered
you booked the seats

161. Tenses: present perfect
A: When did you last write to Peter?

B: Oh, I haven't written to him for ages.
A: When did you last ride a camel?

B: Oh, I haven't ridden one for ages.
(When the object has the form: a/an + noun, use one in the answer.)
When did ...

you last see Tom?
you last make a bad mistake?
you and Bill last eat out?
he last do a good day's work?
you last sleep well?
she last read a book?
he last take part in a competition?
you last hear from them?
you last fly a plane?
you last speak to Bill?
he last teach?
he last pay you?
he last write to you?
he last go to the theatre?
you last catch a fish?
he last shave?
he last have a job?
you last sell a picture?
you and Peter last discuss this matter?
you last win a race?

162. The present perfect and the simple past

Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the simple past tense. In some sentences the present perfect continuous (PEG 190) is also possible.
1. This is my house. ~
How long you (live) here? ~
I (live) here since 1970.

2. He (live) in London for two years and then (go) to Edinburgh.

3. You (wear) your hair long when you were at school? ~

Yes, my mother (insist) on it.

4.But when I (leave) school I (cut) my hair and (wear) it short ever since.

5. Shakespeare (write) a lot of plays.

6. My brother (write) several plays. He just (finish) his second tragedy.

7. I (fly) over Loch Ness last week. ~
You (see) the Loch Ness monster?

8. I (not see) him for three years. I wonder where he is.

9. He (not smoke) for two weeks. He is trying to give it up.

10. Chopin (compose) some of his music in Majorca.

11. When he (arrive)? ~
He (arrive) at 2.00.

12. You (lock) the door before you left the house?

13. I (read) his books when I was at school. I (enjoy) them very much.

14. I can't go out because I (not finish) my work.

15. I never (drink) whisky. ~
Well, have some now.

16. I (write) the letter but I can't find a stamp.

17. The clock is slow. ~
It isn't slow, it (stop).

18. Here are your shoes; I just (clean) them.

19. I (leave) home at 8.00 and (get) here at twelve.

20. I (do) this sort of work when I (be) an apprentice.

21. He just (go) out.

22. He (go) out ten minutes ago.

23. You (have) breakfast yet? ~
Yes, I (have) it at 8.00.

24. I (meet) him last June.

25. You (see) the moon last night?

26. The concert (begin) at 2.30 and (last) for two hours. Everyone (enjoy) it very much.

27. The play just (begin). You are a little late.

28. The newspaper (come)? ~
Yes, Ann is reading it.

29. The actors (arrive) yesterday and (start) rehearsals early this morning.

30. It (be) very cold this year. I wonder when it is going to get warmer.

31. Cervantes (write) Don Quixote.

32. We (miss) the bus. Now we'll have to walk.

33. He (break) his leg in a skiing accident last year.

34. Mr. Pound is the bank manager. He (be) here for five years.

35. Mr. Count (work) as a cashier for twenty-five years. Then he (retire) and (go) to live in the country.

36. You (be) here before? ~

Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year. ~
You (have) a good time? ~
No, it never (stop) raining.

163. Дайте по два полных ответа на каждый из следующих вопросов, используя соответствующие обстоятельственные слова в скобках.
Образец: When did you see him? (yesterday, just)

I saw him yesterday.

I have just seen him.

1. When did Mary tell you about her plans? {last Monday, this evening) 2. When did you get that job? (last week, this week) 3. When did Tom leave for Moscow? (two days ago, today) 4. When did Mary ring you up? (early in the morning, never) 5. When did the patient wake up? (some minutes ago, just) 6. When did the frosts set in? (about a week ago, this week) 7. When did Bob propose Ann? (at the beginning of the month, this month) 8. When did their expedition return? (the other week, this week) 9. When did the Roberts settle here? (last year, this year) 10. When did Mother come back? (at noon, not yet) 11. When did you see Tom this month? (some days ago, never) 12. When did he issue this order? (last Monday, today)

164. Ответьте кратко на следующие вопросы и расширьте ответы, уточнив с помощью обстоятельственных слов в скобках время совершения действий.
Образец: Have you seen Mary lately? (an hour ago)

Yes, I have, I saw her an hour ago.

Have you spoken to the dean? (this week)

Yes, I have, I've spoken to him this week.

1. Have you read "The Moving Finger" by A. Christie? (last year)

2. Have you had lunch today? (two hours ago)

3. Have you ever been to England? (this year)

4. Has Mary come yet? (just)

5. Have you finished your homework? (before Mother came)

6. Has Mr. Adams spoken to you? (when we were in the hall)

7. Has Mary watered the flowers? (in early morning)

8. Have your friends already returned? (last Sunday)

9. Have I hurt you? (when you said something about my laziness)

10. Have you dropped smoking? (last month)

11. Have you met torn this week? (just)

12. Have you waited for me long? (about two hours)
165. Заполните пропуски подходящими обстоятельственными словами из данных в скобках.
1. You've made a serious mistake ... (today, that day) 2. Mr. Lester has ... arrived, (just, just now) 3. I waited ... (until she returned, since she returned) 4. Have you by any chance seen him ... ? (lately, that week) 5. Possibly, I have kept you ... for nothing, (all this time, all that time) 6. Not a single neutral country ... has agreed to set up diplomatic relations, my Fuhrer. (so far, at that time) 7. He hasn't come ... {yet, then) 8. He did not speak ... (since we were on the road, until we were on the road) 9. Why didn't you tell me about it ... ? (today, long ago) 10. This is my home, and these are the people I have known ... (when I was a child, all my life) 11. He told me nothing ... (that night, this night) 12. He left his office soon after ten this morning and nobody has seen him ... (till five, since) 13. I don't believe I have smoked once ... (when you went away, since you went away) 14. I haven't seen him ... (before he left, before) 15. You know the picture is yours, Dorian. I gave it to you ... (before, before it existed) 16. Did you hear what that cousin of mine did ... ? (today, the other day) 17. Good afternoon. Have you been in town ... ? (in the morning, since morning) 18. He didn't say anything ... ? (since he came to, after he came to) 19. Only once ... has he been in trouble, (in his ten years, in those years) 20. ... have you gone in for playing these games? (when, since when) 21. ... he studied medicine, (those years, these years) 22. The troubles in that house began ... (long before, long before Jem and I were born).

166. Заполните пропуски формами Past Simple или Present Perfect Simple глаголов в скобках.
1. He ... asleep most of the say and seems much better, (to be)

2. For many years I ... in many parts of the world, (to travel)

4. He ... just now of what he wanted to do. (to speak)

5. I ... them intimately at the time, (to know)

6. How long ... you ... Bolla? (to know)

7. I beg your pardon, Basil, but I ... you had anyone with you. (not to know)

8. Stop and have supper with me, now I ... you so long, (to keep)

9. I want to see how much he ... since I saw him last, (to change)

10. "Was it after you ... that letter to me?" "What letter? I never ... any letter." (to write)

11. I ... with him all night, and now I must go off to my hospital patients, (to be)

12. Now that they ... , let's have a friendly chat, (to go)

13. We ... each other since we were at school together, (to know)

14. He ... out the stain a second time, but the second morning it ... again, (to rub, to appear)

15. I ... always ... to be honest about our relationship, and I think I ... never ... you. (to try, to deceive)

16. I ... to say something to you for the last nine months, (to want)

17. I want to know something about her. What ... she like? Whom ... she ... ? {to be, to marry)

18. We ... married for thirty-five years, my dear. (to be)

19. They ... at each other for a moment, and then Frankie ... and ... to walk up and down the hall, (to look, to nod, to begin)

20. She ... after her old parents for years. They are now both dead, and she takes-in lodgers, (to look)

21. The Druids ... dead hundreds of years, and their religion ... long ... , but there are some things in England in our own time that remind us of the Druids and their strange religion, (to be, to forget)

22. When he ... it he ... back and his cheeks ... for a moment with pleasure, (to see, to draw, to flush)

23. I ... very worried about you. I ... here last night after I ... the news about the girl, (to be, to come, to hear)

24. "I don't understand you, Roger. Why ... you ... your mind? Half an hour ago you ... for Henry's going to the Granse." "Well, I ... time to think the matter over since." (to change, to be, to have)
167. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Вчера шел сильный снег.

2. Я еще не говорил с деканом.

3. Когда началась конференция?

4. Когда ты видел Тома в последний раз?

5. Они живут здесь с тех пор, как окончили университет.

6. Когда он вошел в комнату, все встали.

7. Я не хочу говорить Мери, что случилось.

8. Где вы были все эти дни?

9. Куда уехали Джонсы?

10. Утром погода была хорошая, а теперь облака закрыли все небо.

11. Вчера вечером я встретила Энн в театре, но сегодня я ее еще не видела.

12. Ты когда-нибудь бывал в Турции?

13. "Я в жизни ни разу не был в таверне, не пил с матросами крепкого виски."

14. Боб принес мне книгу, но я еще не успел ее даже начать.

15. В детстве с ним постоянно случались всякие неожиданные вещи. 16. Что случилось, почему ты так побледнел?

17. Когда же ты вернулся?

18. Я рада, что ты вернулся.

19. В 1997 году эти ребята еще не учились в университете.

20. Я пришел сказать, что мы уже все сделали.

21. С того дня я всегда отвечаю на письма вовремя.

22. Почему ты не позвонил мне, когда приехал?

23. Мне очень понравилась та вечеринка, мы хорошо повеселились.

24. Я здесь уже целый час, но еще так и не знаю, зачем они просили меня прийти. Ты что-нибудь слышал об этом?

25. На прошлой неделе погода переменилась, и с тех пор очень тепло. 26. Он подошел ко мне и сказал: "А я вас знаю. На этой неделе я видел вас несколько раз. Вы приехали в наш город с месяц тому назад и с тех пор часто приходили в библиотеку."

27. Кто этот человек? Я никогда раньше его здесь не видел.

28. Он талантливый писатель, он опубликовал две прекрасные книжки. Первую он написал, когда ему еще не было двадцати лет, а вторую в прошлом году. Я их недавно прочитала и с тех пор много о них слышу.

168. Прочитайте предложения вслух. Прокомментируйте выделенные формы. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
(A) 1. I'm getting old and I can't remember things as I used to. 2. There was a big stretch of common land down by the river and people used to take their dogs there. 3. A man used to send me purple orchids every night to the theatre. 4. I used to hate coming home when it was dark. 5. There used to be tremendous parties there. 6. "Monday morning disease" they used to call it. 7. She used to go silently in and out of the room with a plate of food or a glass of beer. 8. You know Lee Larr and the dead man did not use to be good friends. 9. You sound so hard and bitter! You didn't used to be this way.

(B) 1. When he was telling a story his eyes would lighten and darken. 2. The only difference between him and his father was their age, and that he would speak to us when we said good morning to him. 3. "Did you ever speak to her?" "Why, yes, sir. I'd tip my hat when I'd go by and one day she asked me to come inside the fence." 4. When he passed we would look at the ground and say, "Good morning, sir", but he would never answer. 5. In the evening all seven animals would pile themselves round his feet as he sat in his chair by the fire. 6. And when they spotted me driving past they would grin cheerfully. 7.1 don't think he slept much. He used to sit in the arm-chair. There would be cigarette ash all round it in the morning.

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