Activities
Analyse the modal meanings of shall and translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The victory of peace can and shall be won. There shall be no war. 2. He shall do it whether he wants it or not. 3. Higgins: Listen, Eliza. I think you said you came in a taxi. Eliza: Well, what if I did? I've as good a right to take a taxi as anyone else. Higgins: You have, Eliza, and in future you shall have as many taxis as you want. You shall go up and down and round the town in a taxi every day. Think of that, Eliza. 4. You shall answer for it! 5. You shall have no cause to complain of me, dear. There shall be no difficulty about money. 6. Anyone found guilty of robbery shall be shot at once. 7. If you're a good boy, you shall steer from time to time. 8. 'That's the last time!' she cried. 'You shall never see me again!' 9. You shall repent of this neglect of duty, Mr Gummer.
THE INFINITIVE AS OBJECT
Зависимое употребление после глаголов: to agree, to arrange, to ask, to attempt, to begin, to care (=to like), to cease, to choose (= to prefer), to claim, to consent, to continue, to decide, to deserve, to determine, to expect, to fail, to forget, to go on, to hate, to help, to hesitate, to hope , to intend, to learn, to like, to long, to love, to manage, to mean, to need, to neglect, to offer, to omit, to plan, to prefer, to pretend, to promise, to propose (= to intend), to refuse, to regret, to remember, to start, to swear, to tend, to threaten, to try, to want, to wish.
Зависимое употребление после прилагательных: (un)able, afraid, amused, annoyed, anxious, apt, ashamed, astonished, bound, careful, certain, content, crazy, curious, delighted, determined, difficult, distressed, due, eager, easy, fit, fortunate, free, frightened, furious, glad, grateful, good, happy, hard, helpless, horrified, impatient, inclined, interested, keen, liable, (un)likely, lucky, obliged, pleased, (im)possible, powerless, prepared, proud, puzzled, quick, ready, relieved, reluctant, right, safe, scared, slow, sorry, sufficient, sure, surprised, thankful, touched, useless, (un)willing, (un)wise, wonderful, worthy, wrong.
По формуле: It + глагол + дополнение +инфинитив to amaze, to annoy, to cause, to delight, to distress, to enrage, to excite, to comfort, to frighten, to hurt, to interest, to irritate, to mean, to occur, to please, to puzzle, to shock, to soothe, to startle, to stir, to surprise, to trouble, to upset, to worry.
С формальным It в качестве подлежащего: absurd, advisable, amazing, astonishing, awful, awkward, bad, careful, charming, complicated, convenient, correct, cruel, curious, customary, dangerous, decent, delightful, desirable, difficult, dull, easy, embarrassing, enough, essential, fair, fine, foolish, funny, good, hard, helpful, important, interesting, insulting, kind, late, marvelous, natural, (un)natural, (un)necessary, nice, normal, odd, pleasant, (im)possible, proper, queer, (un)reasonable, remarkable, ridiculous, right, sad, safe, satisfying, sensible, shocking, silly, splendid, strange, suitable, surprising, stupid, sufficient, sweet, terrible, typical, useful, useless, vital, wicked, (un)wise, wonderful, wrong, etc.
THE ING-FORM AS OBJECT
Зависимое употребление после глаголов: to admit, to avoid, to begin, to cease, to consider, to continue, to delay, to deny, to endure, to enjoy, to escape, to finish, to forget, to give up, to go on, to hate, to intend, to keep, to keep on, to leave off, to like, to love, to mention, to mind, to neglect, to postpone, to prefer, to propose (= to suggest), to put off, to quit, to recall, to recollect, to regret, to remember, to resume, to resent, to risk, to start, to stop, to suggest, to try, etc.
Препозитивное употребление после глаголов: to admit to, to agree to, to aim at, to apologize for, to approve of, to believe in, to bother about, to care for, to come of, to come round to, to complain of, to confess to, to consist of (in), to count on, to despair of, to dream of, to end in, to forget about, to feel up to, to get to, to get down to, to get back to, to grumble about, to hesitate about, to insist on, to lead to, to long for, to mean by, to persist in, to plan on, to reckon on, to refrain from, to return to, to result in (from), to save from, to succeed in, to take to, to talk of, to tell of, to threaten with, to think of (about), to worry about, etc.
После выражений: to look forward to, to make a point of, to find excuses for, to take pride in, to lose time in, to have no doubt about, etc.
Непрепозитивное + препозитивное употребление: to accuse smbd. of, to amuse smbd with, to ask smbd about, to charge smbd with, to give smth to, to invite smbd into, to keep smbd from, to persuade smbd into, to remind smbd of, to restrict oneself to, to save smbd from, to say smth about, to stop smbd from, to suspect smbd of, to talk smbd into (out of), to tell smbd about, etc.
Непрепозитивное + препозитивное с предлогом for: to blame smbd., to excuse smbd., to forgive smbd., to reproach smbd., to thank smbd., to like smbd., to love smbd., to hate smbd., to pay smbd., to scold smbd. + FOR.
После прилагательных с предлогом: absorbed in, (un)accustomed to, afraid of, amused at, angry with, annoyed at, ashamed of, aware of, (in)capable of, careful about (in), careless of, certain of, clever at, (un)conscious of, content with, delighted at, different from, embarrassed at, excited about, far from, fond of, fortunate in, frightened of, furious at, given to, good at, grateful for, happy in (at), interested in, irritated at, keen on, miserable at, nice about, proud of, pleased at, responsible for, right in, scared at (of), set against, set on, sick of, skilled in (at), slow in, sorry for, successful in (at), sure of, surprised at, thankful for, tired of, touched at, upset at, (un)used to, worried about, wrong in, etc.
I like making people happy.
He regretted now having come.
She denies having spoken with him.
I don’t remember hearing the legend before.
You must excuse my not answering you before.
He liked neither reading aloud nor being read aloud to
“The slams want attending to, no doubt,” he said.
He realized that the room needed painting.
The child deserves praising.
They were not worth saving.
I hope you will forgive me disturbing you.
I object to Mary going out on such a windy day.
Did you ever hear of a man of sense rejecting such an offer?
He avoided looking at her.
She burst out laughing. We all burst out laughing.
Doctor keeps coming and looking at me.
Fancy finding you here at such an hour.
You suspect me of stealing your diamond.
I don’t approve of your playing at roulette.
Don’t miss the opportunity of hearing this pianist.
THE INFINITIVE AS OBJECTIVE PREDICATIVE (COMPLEX OBJECT)
Зависимое употребление инфинитива после глаголов: to advise, to allow, to ask, to assume, to beg, to authorize, to beg, to believe, to cause, to challenge, to command, to consider, to enable, to encourage, to expect, to find, to forbid, to force, to get, to guess, to hate, to imagine, induce, to inspire, to instruct, to intend, to invite, to know, to lead, to like, to love, to mean, to order, to permit, to persuade, to prefer, to press, to realize, to recommend, to request, to require, to suppose, to suspect, to take (= to understand), to teach, to tell, to think, to trust, to understand, to urge, to want, to warn, to wish, etc.
После глаголов выражающих мнение и восприятие: to expect, to find, to take, to believe, to mean, etc. часто используется глагол to be.
Инфинитив употребляется без частицы to после глаголов: to feel, to have (= to get, to make), to hear, to know (= to experience), to let, to make, to notice, to see, to watch
Инфинитив как сложное дополнение употребляется после глаголов с предлогами: to long for, to look for, to wait for, to watch for, to listen to (инфинитив без to), to call upon, to rely on, to appeal to, to nod to.
THE ING-FORM AS OBJECTIVE PREDICATIVE (COMPLEX OBJECT)
Зависимое употребление после глаголов: to call, to catch, to discover, to feel, to find, to hear, to get, to imagine, to keep, to leave, to (dis)like, to notice, to see, to send, to set, to stop, to watch, to want.
представлена as: to accept, to consider, to explain, to mention, to regard, to speak of, to take, to think of, to treat, to understand.
После некоторых глаголов субъект может быть представлен не только существительным в общем падеже и личным местоимением в объектном падеже, но и существительным и местоимением в притяжательном падеже: to appreciate, to dread, to excuse, to fancy, to forget, to forgive, to hate, to have, to imagine, to mind, to miss, to prevent, to recall, to remember, to resent, to (mis)understand, to catch sight of, can’t bear, can’t help.
Ты мог бы перевести этот текст?
Их, возможно, не было вчера в городе.
Я не мог не согласиться с ними.
Я не хочу сдавать экзамены. Меня, вероятно, не будет в Лондоне в это время.
Может быть, он не захочет выступить.
Я знал, что Н. должна была прийти в клуб.
Мне не нужно быть там раньше трех часов.
Я думаю, что тебе следовало бы знать об этом.
Он должен был сесть поближе, чтобы услышать ее
Н. пригласили на обед к М. После обеда они должны были пойти в кино (но не пошли).
Я чуть не опоздал на последний автобус.
Они, возможно, подумали, что мы не придем в такой дождь.
Просто не может быть, чтобы он видел их.
Она такая бледная. Наверное, она больна.
Тебе удалось закончить работу?
Ты мог бы им позвонить и сказать, что не придешь.
И кто это мог зажечь свет в моей комнате?
Я думаю, что не буду никуда выходить сегодня. В такую погоду я, пожалуй, останусь дома.
«Анн – моя сестра». – «Мне следовало бы догадаться. Вы похожи на нее»
Наконец-то ты пришла. Ты могла бы прийти пораньше.
Он, должно быть, не узнал ее. Она так изменилась.
Так как я должен был быть там в пять, мне пришлось взять такси.
Тебе следовало написать им вчера. Возможно, мы запоздали с письмом.
Он, по всей вероятности, забыл, что обещал прийти.
Мне, возможно, придется поехать туда на такси. Так, наверное, будет быстрее.
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