Английский язык 2012 Москва «Интеллект-Центр» 2012

3. Expression of feelings

4. Missing teenager

A. For many young people aerosol art is just as serious as wall painting was for their prehistoric ancestors. Graffiti is very personal to the teenager who produces it. The motivation behind a piece of graffiti can be happiness or sadness, frustration or relief. For some artists graffiti is a reaction to what happens in their lives. For this reason it is an art form that is very close to the hearts of the young.

B. I am allowed to do what I like with it. I don't have a lot of space, but it is my favourite place, so I spend a lot of time there. I am the youngest in the family so I also have a lot of old toys on the shelves. I sometimes get bored with the way it is and then I do I change it round. I often move the bed and change the posters on the walls. I've asked my parents for a television but I don't think I'd get one.

C. I have been playing video games since I was ten. I am now fifteen and I can't get rid of my habit. These days I play for about twenty-five hours a week. Playing video games stops me from exercising and playing basketball and I have no time for friends. Many of the games are very violent but I don't take them seriously. They are just fun. I think the main problem with games is that they are too much fun.

D. First impressions are vital. For many employers, neat and tidy hair and smart clothes are as important as qualifications. What factors contribute to that vital first impression? It varies a lot according to our culture. For example, in the United States tall people are considered more reliable and serious in business. In many cultures physically attractive people are thought of as warmer, kinder, more sociable and even more intelligent.

E. Dean Palmer is fourteen years old. He may also use the names Dick Page or Daryl Preston. He has short fair hair and is of medium height and slim build. He wears glasses. He was last seen wearing jeans, a brown leather jacket and black trainers. If he is at your school, or has ever been admitted into the school, please telephone the police immediately.

F. I'm known as Chase. That's my tag. When I started I would go out at night with a few friends and just painted football slogans and things like that on any wall I could find. I suppose it was a way of making a statement. Eventually I got caught. I still continue to express my feeling with the help of aerosol painting, but these days I get permission first.

G. These people just want to get attention. Some people call them artists but many citizens really don't think that a scribble on the wall is art. In fact, graffiti is a serious social problem as it causes great damage. It ruins the appearance of towns and cities and cleaning it up costs a lot of money.

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Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А7-А14 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - TRUE), какие не соответствуют (2 - FALSE) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - NOT STATED).

According to psychologists, the average human being lies to others once or twice a day. This is because deception - or 'untruthfulness' - is a natural tendency amongst all living things. Many animals deceive others around them in order to get ahead in life. Birds, for example, pretend to be injured in order to distract predators from baby birds in their nest. Chimpanzees, when they are foraging for food and come across something tasty, will occasionally pretend not to have noticed the food so as not to alert the chimps nearby and lose their prize. So it is no surprise that human beings often deceive for exactly the same reasons: to save their own skins or to get something they can't get by other methods.

Despite how often they engage in it, most people aren't experts at lying. People often make inconsistent facial expressions and body movements in a desperate attempt to seem believable and to suppress what they are really thinking. Because the muscle structure of the face is directly connected to the areas of the brain that process emotion, very few people - most notably, actors and politicians - are able to consciously control all of their facial expressions. Other signs of lying are an increased heartbeat, a faster rate of breathing, and a higher voice pitch.

It would be logical to think that with these sorts of symptoms, we would be able to spot a liar easily. However, just as we are poor liars, it seems that we are equally hopeless at detecting lies. In a survey carried out at the University of Portsmouth in the UK, participants were able to detect a lie 44 percent of the time, and able to detect the truth 67 percent of the time.

So are we better at detecting the truth than detecting lies? High-tech lie detectors or 'polygraphs' are not much more accurate. They cannot detect lies as such; they merely detect the physical effects of emotions. These machines measure breathing, heart rate, and skin conductivity, which tend to increase when people are nervous, as they usually are when lying. On the other hand, the idea of being hooked up to a machine like this could easily produces symptoms of fear, anxiety and anger which are very similar to those responses used to detect a lie, which is one reason lie detector tests are inadmissible in court.
A7 Animals deceive others in order to survive.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A8 Birds protect their young by behaving as if they are injured.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A9 Human beings often tell lies to protect their skin.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A10 The author says that actors are good at recognizing liars.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A11I People are bad at telling and detecting lies.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A12 People can always recognize when others tell the truth.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A13 Lie detectors are able to recognize when a person is nervous.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A14 Lie detectors cannot be used in court because they can be bad for the health. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated