Учебное пособие по практической грамматике. Модальные глаголы. Казанцев С. А
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Use a modal with each verb in parentheses. More than one modal may be possible. Use the one that seems most appropriate to you. 1. She (be) in London a week already! 2. ... 1 (call) for you? — No, I (get) a taxi and meet you at the station. 3. I heard their telephone ringing. — You (n6t hear) their phone ringing. They haven't got a phone. 4. Don is putting on a little weight around his middle. He (get) more exercise. 5. Jack: I've finished. Ann: But you were only half way through when I went to bed. You (work) all night! 6. I'm sleepy. I (not keep) my eyes open. I (go) to bed before I fall asleep right here. 7. Zoo keeper: In spite of all the notices, people (feed) these animals. 8. In my country, a girl and boy (not go) out on a date unless they are accompanied by a chaperone. 9. The instructions were in French. I translated them into English for him. — You (not translate) them. He knows French. 10. Jones: Stand away from that door! You can't keep me here against my will. Smith: You (not go) till you have given me an explanation! (I won't let you go.) 11. You can trust me; nobody (know) that you are here. (I promise to keep it secret.) I (not) even (tell) my wife. 12. My wife and ten children are coming to join me here. They (not live) in my dormitory room. I (find) an apartment. 13. A: ... I (speak) to Peggy? B: She (not come) to the phone right now. ... I (take) a message? 14. Jimmy was serious when he said he wanted to be a cowboy when he grew up. We (not laugh) at him. We hurt his feelings. 15. ... you (cash) this check for me? 16. A: How are you planning to get to the airport? B: By taxi. A: You (take) a shuttle bus instead. It's cheaper than a taxi. You (get) one in front of the hotel. It picks up passengers there on .a regular schedule. 17. You (not feed) the bears! (It was foolish of you to feed them.) Now they'll be angry if the next campers don't feed them too. 18. Nobody has been in this house for a month. — Nonsense! Here's last Monday's paper in the wastepaper basket; somebody (be) here quite recently. 19. Let's go shopping. The shops (not be) crowded. Monday morning's usually quiet 20. Why ... everyone (promote) except me? It's not fair. 21. A: Why didn't you come to the party last night? В: I (study). A: You (come). We had a good time. 22. A: I (go) to the University of Iowa or Iowa State University? B: Think it over for a few days. You (not make) up your mind right now. There's no hurry. 23. A: The phone's ringing again. Let's not answer it. Just let it ring. B: No, we (answer) it. It (be) important. 24. We (start) yesterday (this was the plan); but the flight was cancelled because of the fog, so we're still here, as you see. 25. I left my car here under the No Parking sign; and now it's gone. It (steal). — Not necessarily. The police (drive) it away. 26. He was riding a bicycle along the motorway when he was hit by the trailer of a lorry. These big lorries are very dangerous. — Perhaps, but Paul (not ride) a bicycle along the motorway; bicycles are not allowed. 27. Jane's looking at the test paper the teacher just returned. She's smiling. She (pass) the test. 28. It's not like Tony to be late. He (be) here an hour ago. I hope nothing bad happened. 29. He used to have a day off once a week, and on that day he (get) up early, have a hasty breakfast and set out for the river. 30. I know that it will be difficult to pick him out in such a crowd, but if you (happen) to see him give him this packet. 31. Why didn't you wait for me yesterday? — I waited five minutes, — You (wait) a little longer! 32. How did Peter get here? — He (come) on a motorcycle. (This is a possibility.) — He (not come) on a motorcycle. He doesn't ride one. 33. Police Officer (in a loud speaker van beside a motorway in thick fog): They are going much too fast. I keep warning them to reduce speed but they (not do) it. 34. Ann: She says she'd rather go to prison than pay the fine. Tom: She (not go) to prison. (I won't let this happen.) I (pay) her fine for her! 35. A: Somebody called you while you were out, but she didn't leave her name. B: Who did it sound like? Anybody you know? A. Well, it (be) Phyllis, but that's just a guess. I (ask) who was calling, but I didn't. B: That's okay. 36. (Alice, staying at a hotel for the first time, carefully washes up the early morning tea things.) .Mother: You (not do) that. The hotel staff do the washing up. 37. Mrs Smith: I've cooked scrambled eggs for Mr Jones, because of his diet, and steak and onions for everyone else. Mr Jones: You (not cook) anything special for me, Mrs Smith; I'm not on a diet any longer. 38. Tom (looking out of the window): Fortunately that teapot didn't hit anyone, but you (not throw) it out of the window, Ann! You (kill) someone. 39. Look at this beautiful painting! Only a very great artist (paint) such a picture! — Nonsense! A child of five (paint) it with his eyes shut. 40. It looks like rain. We (shut) the windows. 41. Ann, ... you (hand) me that dish? Thanks. 42. I returned a book to the library yesterday. It was two weeks overdue, so I (pay) a fine of $ 1.40. I (return) the book when it was due. 43. Spring break starts on the thirteenth. We (not go) to classes until the twenty-second. 44. ... I (make) an appointment to see Dean Witherspoon? 45. Neither of us knows the way to their house. We (take) a map with us or we'll probably get lost. 46. You (not tell) Jack about the party. It's a surprise party for him. 47. Secretary: There's a Mr Peterson in the outer office, sir. He says he has an appointment. ... you (see) him now? Mr Smith: I (not see) him now or at any other time. I told him so when we last met. And he hasn't an appointment! 48. Excuse me. I didn't understand. ... you (repeat) what you said? 49. In the United States, elementary education is compulsory. All children (attend) six years of elementary school. 50. There was a long line in front of the theatre. We (wait) almost ah hour to buy our tickets. 51. I wonder who carried the piano upstairs. — I suppose it was Paul. — Paul (not carry) it by himself. Someone (help) him. 52. The car (not start) so we had to ring for a taxi. 53. The people in the flat above us were members of a band. We liked them very much but they (practise) the drums at night. Nothing we said made any difference. 54.1 don't feel like going to the library to study this afternoon. I (go) to the shopping mall than to the library. 55. Do you know where Tom is? — He (be) in the canteen. He's usually there between twelve and one. 56. She asked me what she (do) if any letters came for me while I was away. I told her that my brother would come every day to pick up my mail. 57. When I rang the exchange and asked for the number the operator said, 'You (not ring) the exchange! You (dial) direct!' However, he put me through. 58. Bill proposed that women (allow) to join the club. 59. A: This is Steve's tape recorder, isn't it? B: It (not be) his. He doesn't have a tape recorder. It (belong) to Lucy or to Linda. They sometimes bring their tape recorders to class. 60. A: Why is Margaret in her room? В: I don't know. She (do) her homework. 61. A: Did Ed really mean what he said yesterday? B: No, I don't think so. I think he (kid). 62. Johnny! You (not play) with sharp knives. 63. We (not go) to the concert if you don't want to, but it might be good. 64. I'm taking ли£ my exams in two days. I know I (study) tonight, but I think I'll watch TV instead. 65. It is essential that everyone (be able) to see the stage. 66.1 suggested that they (have) a hot breakfast and a cold supper. 67. You (love) your father. (It is natural and right.) — Why ... I (love) him? I've never seen him. 68. Remember that we (be) at his place not later than eight. 69. Ann's birthday was on the 5-th, and now it's already the 8-th. Her birthday card (send) a week ago. Maybe we (give) her a call to wish her a belated happy birthday. 70. The entire valley (see) from their mountain home. 71. According to our teacher, all of our compositions (write) in ink. He won't accept papers written in pencil. 72. Last semester's class was too large. It (divide) in half. 73. Tom: What's happened to Jack? We said 7.30 and now it's 8.00 and there's no sign of him. Ann: He (forget) that we invited him. He is rather forgetful. I (telephone) him yesterday to remind him. (It was foolish of me not to telephone.) Tom: Or he (get) lost. He hasn't been to this house before. I (give) him directions. (I didn't give him directions, which was stupid of me) Ann: Or he (have) a breakdown or a puncture. Tom: A puncture (not delay) him so long. Ann: Or he (stop) for a drink and (get) involved in an argument. Jack's arguments go on for hours! Tom: Or he (run) out of petrol. Perhaps we (go) and look for him. Study and practise. 1. Dear Brenda, Thanks for replying so quickly to my last letter. You must have been surprised when you received a letter from me. I'm glad you will be able to put me up when I come to London. Could you possibly give me some directions for your flat? I'm bound to get lost. Do I have to take a taxi from the station, or is it near enough to walk? Perhaps I should buy a street map of Birmingham when I arrive. And is it all right if I bring my little brother, Tim? By the way, congratulations on your new job. You must be very happy. Do you think that you made the right decision, though? I think you should have gone to university like me. I'm sure that you would have enjoyed it. I have to study a lot, but with any luck I should get a good job when I finish. I'd better post this letter now. Best wishes, Sheila 2. Residents in the Blackwood area complained last night that they should have been warned about the escape of a dangerous snake. The snake, a python, is three metres long, and can kill pets. 'I heard about it on the radio,' said Mrs Agnes Bird. 'I had to lock my dog in the kitchen this morning, because I thought the snake could easily attack it. Now I am not sure what I ought to do.' The snake, called Lulu, disappeared from Blackwood Zoo. It must have found a hole in the wall, or it might have slipped out while the door was open,' said zoo director Basil Hart. Mr Hart said that people needn't have been alarmed. 'A local radio must have mixed up its reports,' he went on. 'We found Lulu a few minutes after we missed her. We had to climb a tree and bring her down. So you see, you should never believe silly stories you hear on the radio!' Give general advice to people who want to: a. improve their health. b. get good grades. c. improve their English. d. make a good first impression. e. find a job. f. live life fully every day. g. get married. Say: Do this. Don't do that. You should do this. You shouldn't do that. You ought to do this. You don't have to do that. You must do this. You must not do that. You can do this. You had better do that, etc. Directions: Go to a public place, a place where there are people whom you do not know (a cafeteria, store, street corner, park, zoo, lobby, etc.). Choose three of these people to write a composition about. Using a paragraph for each person, describe his/her appearance briefly and then make 'guesses' about this person: age, occupation, personality, activities, etc. Example. I’m in a hotel lobby. I'm looking at a man who is wearing a blue suit and carrying a briefcase. He is talking at the registration desk, so he must be registering to stay in the hotel. He couldn't be checking out, because people have to check out at a different desk. He might be simply asking a question, but I doubt it. Judging from his clothes, I'd say he's probably a businessman. But he could be something else. He might be a doctor, or a funeral director, or a professor. He has salt-and-pepper hair and not too many wrinkles. He must be about 50 or 55. He doesn't have any luggage with him. The porter must have taken his luggage. The hotel clerk just handed the man a key. Aha! I was right. He is registering to stay at the hotel. Work in pairs. Using the given situations, create dialogues of 10 to 20 sentences or more. Then present your dialogues to the rest of the class. For each situation, the beginning of the dialogue is given. Try to include appropriate modals in your conversation. 1. Situation: The two of you are roommates or a married couple. It is late at night. All of the lights are turned off. You hear a strange noise. You try to figure out what it might or must be, what you should or should not do, etc. Dialogue: A: Psst. Are you awake? B: Yes. What's the matter? A: Do you hear that noise? B: Yes, what do you suppose it is? A: I don't know. It ... B: ... 2. Situation: Your teacher is always on time, but today it is fifteen minutes past the time class begins and he/she still isn't here. You try to figure out why he/she isn't here yet and what you should do. Dialogue: A: Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss/ Dr/Professor ________ should have been here fifteen minutes ago. I wonder where s/he is. Why do you suppose s/he hasn't arrived yet? B: Well,... 3. Situation: The two of you are planning to go on a picnic. You are almost ready to leave when you hear a loud noise. It sounds like thunder. You are supposed to meet Nancy and Paul at the park for your picnic. Dialogue: A: Is the picnic basket all packed? B: Yes. Everything is ready to go. A: Good. Let's get going. B: Wait. Did you hear that? ... 4. Situation: It is late at night. The weather is very bad. Your eighteen-year-old son, who had gone to a party with some of his friends, was supposed to be home an hour ago. (The two of you are either a married couple or a parent and his/her friend.) You are getting worried. You are trying to figure out where he might be, what might or must have happened, and what you should do, if anything. Dialogue: A: It's already _______ o'clock and _____ isn't home yet. I'm getting worried. B: So am I. Where do you suppose he is? A:….. Choose three of the following topics. Write a short paragraph on each. 1. Write about when, where and why you should (or should not) have done something in your life. 2. Write about a time in your life when you did something you did not want to do. Why did you do it? What could you have done differently? What should you have done? 3. Look at your future. What will, might, should it be like? Write about what you should, must, can do now in order to make your life what you want it to be. 4. Write about one embarrassing incident in your life. What could, should, might you have done to avoid it? 5. Look at the world situation in relationships between nations. What could, should (or should not), must (or must not) be done to improve understanding? 6. Choose one of the environmental problems people are considering today. What could, should, may, must, might be done to solve this problem? Translate from Russian into English. 1. Ему необязательно об этом говорить. 2. Погода, безусловно, будет хорошая. 3. Он не принес книгу, хотя ему бы следовало сделать это еще на прошлой неделе. 4. Неужели тебя не укачало? Море было таким бурным. Стоит ли ее ждать? Возможно, она вообще не придет. 6. Он спросил, может ли он положиться м ценя. 7. Ей придется пройти рентген. 8. Вряд ли она оценит его доброту. Она такая эгоистка 9. Он сказал, что она уже взрослая и должна помогать матери. 10. Мне не нужно было готовить обед. Мы договорились пообедать сегодня в ресторане. 11. Она понимала, что он должен чувствовать. 12. Можно (вы можете) пройти много миль и никого не встретить. 13. Его зовут Добсон. Возможно, вы слышали его имя. 14. Не может быть, чтобы дверь осталась открытой. Я сама ее запирала. 15. Он предложил, чтобы собрание провели в среду. 16. Не будете ли вы любезны немного подождать? Ваши документы еще не готовы. 17. Я могу выучить это и обязательно (непременно) выучу. 18. Он, вероятно, получит телеграмму не позже, чем через два часа. 19. Многое может показаться вам необычным в чужой стране. 20. Возможно, их не предупредили, что их сын болен и что жизнь его находится в onacности. 21. Неужели он говорил это серьезно? 22. Трудно было поверить, что туристы смогли подняться на такую высокую гору. Это, должно быть, были смелые ребята. 23. Я должна с ним увидеться во вторник вечером. 24. Я не слышал, как подъехал автомобиль. Вероятно, я еще спал. 25. Им следовало бы удержать его от такого неразумного шага. Они еще пожалеют об этом. 26. Зря ты пришел. Собрание отменили. 27. Мне очень хотелось поехать в горы, но я не осмеливался спросить разрешения у родителей, так как знал, что они будут против. 28. В конце концов мы решили, что нам не следует там дольше оставаться и что нужно отправляться в горы. 29. Мы можем не спешить. Поезд задерживается на два часа. 30. Он сказал, что ему придется уехать через несколько дней, но мы и слушать не хотели. 31. Он должен был приехать пятичасовым поездом. Неужели он опоздал на него? — Откуда мне знать? 32. Я считал, что мне следует поставить вас в известность об этом. 33. Автобусом вы туда не доедете. 34. Она не могла этого сделать! 35. Весьма странно, что он сказал это. 36. Ты мог бы быть повнимательнее по отношению к своей сестре. 37. Делать все равно нечего, я могу (с таким же успехом) лечь спать. 38. Удивительно, до чего он неразумен (глуп)! 39. Он, бывало, часто заходил к нам. 40. Вы говорите, что не желаете этого делать, а я вам говорю, что вы это сделаете. 41. Мы должны подчиняться законам. 42. Стоянка у этих ворот запрещена. 43. Если он это говорит, то это, должно быть, правда. 44. Не пойти ли нам на прогулку? 45. Сейчас они, наверное (пожалуй), уже там. 46. Это, наверное, наш поезд. 47. Ящик стола никак не открывается. 48. Он выехал в 7.00. Он скоро здесь должен быть. 49. Студентам не полагается выносить книги из читального зала. 50. Когда мне нужно прийти? 51. Не видно было ни облачка. 52. Их не было дома, когда я приехал. Должно быть, они не ожидали меня. 53. Наши футболисты в хорошей форме. Они должны выиграть матч. 54. Почему ты не аплодируешь? Тебе, очевидно, не нравится, как она поет. 55. Ребенок ничего не хочет есть. — Возможно, он не голоден. 56. Они близкие друзья. Не может быть, чтобы она не помогла ему. 57. Ваш сын мог бы быть поосторожнее. Он мог сбить моего ребенка. 58. Может быть (могло быть и так, что), он и не слышал эту новость. 59. Он мог бы поспеть вовремя, если бы бежал быстрее. 60. Пожалуйста, отправьте письмо без задержки. 61. После экзаменов вы должны сдать все учебники в библиотеку. 62. По моему мнению, следует избрать ее, потому что она честная, умная и компетентная. 63. Мы больше не можем ждать! Необходимо что-то немедленно предпринять! |
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