Учебное пособие по практической грамматике. Модальные глаголы. Казанцев С. А

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Название	Учебное пособие по практической грамматике. Модальные глаголы. Казанцев С. А
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Дата публикации	17.08.2014
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Тип	Учебное пособие

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1 ... 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ... 22

shouldn't have done etc.
A: I only told Peter. (stress on Peter)

B: You shouldn't have told anyone. (have should be shortened to 've in speech;

any is stressed.)

I only asked Mike.
I only invited Jack.
I only reported George.
I only paid Mary.
I only fined Brian.
I only sacked Andrew.
I only complained about Mark.
I only argued with Tom.
I only played with Mary.
I only discussed it with Alec.
I only talked about it with Arthur.
I only woke Margaret.
I only wrote to Bill.
I only shouted at Alice.
I only threw stones at Martin.
I only told lies to John.
I only robbed Peter.
I only cheated Alec.
I only winked at Oliver.
I only kissed James.

Should I? + perfect infinitive
(i) A: You didn't follow Bill?

B: No. Should I have followed him?
(ii)A: You didn't take off your shoes?

B: No. Should I have taken them off? (Notice the word order.)
You didn't ...

read the instructions?
try to stop her?
listen to their conversation?
tip the waiter?
follow them?
keep the receipt?
threaten him?
stand up?
refuse?
offer to help?
make her wear her life-jacket?
put up the notice? (See (ii) above.)
take down the old programme? (See (ii) above.)
wear your dark glasses?
bring your parachute?
notify the authorities?
lock up the tapes? (See (ii) above.)
burn the documents?
give back his passport? (See (ii) above.)
ring the alarm bell?

shouldn't be doing and should have done
A: Look at that man shaving while he drives!

B: He shouldn't be shaving now. He should have shaved before he left the house.

Look at that woman doing her nails in the bus queue!
Look at that man correcting exercises in the bus!
Look at that man polishing his shoes in the bus shelter!
Look at that boy tying his shoelaces as he goes into school!
Look at that woman putting on her earrings on the stairs!
Look at that girl sewing on a button in the library!
Look at that man eating his breakfast as he walks down the path!
Look at that girl putting on her make-up in the bus queue!
Look at that man brushing his coat in the lift!
Look at that man putting in his contract lenses on the escalator!
Look at that man filing his nails in the bar!
Look at that boy combing his hair in the classroom!
Look at that women cleaning her glasses while she drives!
Look at those children doing their homework in the bus!
Look at that man putting in his false teeth in the street!

should/shouldn't + continuous infinitive,

present and perfect
Ann, a student at a summer school, has the following programme:

7.00 - 7.30

7.30 - 8.00

8.00 - 8.30

- 9.30

- 10.00

10.00 - 10.30

- 12.00

12.00 - 1.00

1.00 - 2.00

get dressed

(have) breakfast

wash up

(do) PT

watch television programme

discuss programme

(attend) lectures

help with lunch

(have) lunch

2.00 - 2.30

2.30 - 3.30

3.30 - 4.30

4.30 - 5.00

5.00 - 6.00

6.00 - 7.00

7.00 - 7.30

- 8.00

8.00 - 9.00

11.30

rest

work in garden

(play) tennis

tea

practise the piano

rehearse play

supper

type lecture notes

read in library

A: It's 7.20 and Ann is sleeping.

B: She shouldn't be sleeping. She should have been getting dressed.

A: At 7.20 yesterday Ann was sleeping.

B: She shouldn't have been sleeping. She should have been getting dressed.

It's ... and Ann ...	(b) At ... Ann was ...
7.45 ... getting up 8.15 ... having breakfast 9.45 ... doing PT 10.15 ... watching television 12.30 ... listening to a lecture 2.15 ... playing tennis 2.45 ... resting 3.45 ... working in the garden 5.15 ... having tea 6.15 ... practising the piano 7.15 ... rehearsing the play 7.45 ... having supper 8.15 ... typing her lecture notes 12.00 ... listening to records	e.g. At 7.45 Ann was getting up. i.e. as in (a) but replacing is by was

Ответьте на следующие вопросы в предложениях (1 – 5); согласитесь или не согласитесь с утверждениями в предложениях (6 – 13).

Do schools do a good job of preparing people for life? Should education be more practical?
Should all children have to learn maths?
Should all children have to learn English?
Who should be paid most – the teachers of small children or the teachers of older children?
Which is more important – a good upbringing or a good education?
People should have the right to carry guns.
All town centers should be closed to traffic.
People shouldn’t eat meat more than once a week.
Criminals shouldn’t be sent to prison unless they are really dangerous to society.
Fishing for sport is cruel and should be banned.
People should be allowed to say and write exactly what they like at all times.
Children shouldn’t be allowed to watch violent TV.
People shouldn’t have to wear clothes if they don’t want to.

Use should/ought to, or must in the following.
1. Look at all the people standing in line to get into that movie. It ... be a good movie.

2. Let's go to the lecture tonight. It ... be interesting.

3. Look. Jack's car is in front of his house. He ... be at home. Let's stop and visit him.

4. A: Hello. May I speak to Jack? B: He isn't here right now. A: What time do you expect him? B: He ... be home around nine or so.

5. A: Who do you think is going to win the game tomorrow? B: Well, our team has better players, so we ... win, but you never know. Anything can happen in sports.

6. A: What time are you going to arrive? B: Well, the trip takes about four hours. I think I'll leave sometime around noon, so I ... get there around four.

7. A: Susie is yawning and rubbing her eyes. B: She ... be sleepy. Let's put her to bed early tonight.

8. Hmmm. I wonder what's causing the delay. Ellen's plane ... have been here an hour ago.

9. I thought I had a dollar in my purse, but I don't. I ... have spent it.

10. Ed has been acting strangely lately. He ... be in love.

11. Forty minutes ... She ... have been back for her rest hour by now.
Rephrase the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. I'm sure she is in bed. (must)

2. We'll probably arrive before 11 o'clock, (should)

3. Perhaps he was ill. (may)

4. It's impossible that they missed the plane, (can't)

5. Perhaps she'll phone later, (might) 6. I'll probably be at home by 6 o'clock, (should)

7. Perhaps they went home, (could)

8. It's impossible that he's telling the truth, (can't)

9. I'm sure you've heard the news, (must)

10. Perhaps I won't go out this evening, (may)

11. It's impossible that she saw us. (can't)

12. I'm sure the bus has left, (must)

13. Perhaps he didn't apply for the job. (might)

14. She'll probably be here soon, (ought to)
might/shouldn't + perfect infinitive
A: He bathed and didn't catch cold.

B: But you shouldn't have let him bathe! He might have caught cold.
Alternatively:
A: He bathed.

B: But you shouldn't have let him bathe!
A: He didn't catch cold.

B: But he might have caught cold!
He ...
climbed trees and didn't tear his trousers.

played near the river and didn't fall in.

talked to the neighbour's children and didn't learn bad language.

ran about in the garden and didn't trample the flowers.

struck matches and didn't burn himself.

used the scissors and didn't cut himself.

stood on his head and didn't make himself giddy.

patted the dogs and they didn't bite him.

stroked the cats and they didn't scratch him.

shouted and didn't disturb his grandfather.

kicked his football and didn't damage the roses.

sat on the grass and didn't catch a cold.

crossed the road and wasn't run over.

went out alone and didn't lose his way.

carried a tray and didn't drop it.

flew his kite and didn't lose it.

sailed his boat and didn't get his feet wet.

threw his ball and didn't break a window.

helped the painters and didn't spill the paint.

rode his bicycle and didn't have an accident.
Passive: simple present, simple past, present perfect and should
A: In my college the domestic staff sweep the classrooms.

B: Our classrooms are swept by students. (stress on our)
B: Our classrooms were swept by students. (stress on our)
B: Our classrooms have always been swept by students. (stress on our)
B: Our classrooms should be swept by students. (stress on students)

In my college ...

technicians service the equipment
the schoolkeeper cleans the blackboards
a cleaner keeps the common room tidy
the catering staff cook the lunches
the schoolkeeper rings the bells
the cleaners empty the wastepaper baskets
trained telephonists man the switchboard
the maintenance staff replace broken windows
a trained driver drives the college bus
qualified librarians look after the library
the welfare officer organizes the annual dance
the music staff produce the annual concert
the physical training instructor runs the sports club
the entertainments officer arranged trips
the college secretary collects the fees
the Director draws up the year's programme
a printing firm prints our college magazine
a paid handyman does all our repairs
the Governors choose the Principal
the Principal appoints staff

Use the required form of the infinitive after ought to and should.

But we ought (to have) your brother here, to tell us exactly how far we can go.
Tea is between half past five and six, and it should (to be) ready now.
He couldn't see anything. He thought that he ought (to bring) a torch.
Should the baby (to play) with a box of matches?
If you're in love it ought (to make) you happy. You ought (to laugh).
The doctor said it was appendicitis and she ought (to operate) on. I
You should (to see) him yesterday on horseback.
One day the headmaster came on Jack, who should (to sweat) on the sports ground, sitting comfortably in a gardener's shed reading a book and eating a large piece of cocoa-nut ice.
"Your father and I should (to arrange) everything before I came here," he said.
Oughtn't you (to answer) that letter now?
Where is his car? He shouldn't (to leave) it unattended.
He drove at great speed. He knew that about this hour the guests should (to arrive) at his house.
"Well, I'm very glad to know at last what it was all about." "You ought (to tell) before."
Then he should (to laugh), but instead he heard himself saying: "Everything you say is quite true."
Anything we can do to clear up this miserable affair ought (to do).
"I don't think he had the least idea of what I meant." "You should (to be) more explicit, my dear."

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences choosing between ought to and should.
Note: Remember that although ought to and should are very close in the meaning of obligation and are often interchangeable, the former tends to express moral obligation and is not frequent in negative sentences whereas the latter is common in instructions and corrections.

He looked more than ever out of place; he ... have stayed at home.
I don't think people ... gossip like that about other people.
She said, "You know, I think I ... get across to the station and see what goes on."
I want him to do what's right. It ... (not) be necessary to persuade a man to do that.
My mother frowned at him and shook her head in a way that meant that he ... (not) say things like that in front of me.
"Strange," said the boy, "how, when people are either very old or very young, they are always wanting to do something they ... (not) do."
"It is very wicked of you," she said. "You ... be ashamed of yourself."
After she had gone I found myself wondering whether I ... do anything for her.
I'll see and speak to Maurice. He ... (not) behave like that.
I expect you to tell me the way to do it. You ... know.
She is a clever girl and her French ... be perfect.
The children were out dancing when they ... have been learning their lessons.
I realize now I ... (not) have said anything.
"I'm not very fit. I'm having trouble with my leg." "I see. Well, I think you ... go and see a doctor I know."
Anne was quite capable of coming down to make herself a cup of cocoa when she ... be asleep.
He felt very low and I thought I ... do all I could to cheer him up.

1 ... 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ... 22

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