Рабочая программа по дисциплине гсэ. Ф. 01 Иностранный язык
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Примерный перечень устных тем к зачету (3 семестр): 1. The history and development of tourism. 2.Key events in the development of tourism 2. Pioneers of tourism. 3.Passenger survey. 4.The organization and structure of tourism. 5.Statistical information about travel and tourism. 6. The future of tourism. 7. Current state of tourism in the developing world (The Gambia, Belize, Sierra Leone). 8. Jobs in tourism. 9.Producing a CV. 11. Holiday types. 12.Festivals 13.Taking a booking(making suggestions and giving information). 14. Visasrequirements. Вопросы к экзамену для проведения аттестации К концу 4-го семестра студенты должны знать грамматический материал в следующем объеме: Causative verbs; relative clauses; inclusives; know/know how; clauses of concession; problem verbs; tell/say; redundancy; parallel structure; adverbials at the beginning of a sentence; ing/to; Active voice; Passive voice; reported speech. Тексты для письменного перевода по специальности Visas US visa requirements This is the American Embassy visa information line. This service includes information on various types of visa and related matters. A visa is not required for British citizens for most holidays and business visits of ninety days or less. In total citizens of twenty-five countries are able to travel to the US without a visa. You must be a citizen of one of the following countries: the United Kingdom, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brunei, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. In addition to being a citizen of a qualifying visa-free travel country, you cannot stay in the US for longer than ninety days, you cannot perform productive work, and you are not allowed to accept paid or unpaid employment while in the US. If you are entering by air or sea (including ferry) you must hold a return ticket or an onward ticket, and you must enter on board an air or sea carrier that has agreed to participate in the programme. Please check with your airline to make sure they participate in the programme. If your onward ticket terminates in Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, or one of the Caribbean Islands, you must be a resident of that country of destination. You must carry an unexpired passport valid for more than ninety days. If you are entering the US overland from Canada or Mexico you don't need to have a visa. However, you need to complete a visa-waiver application form at the border crossing. Once you enter the US you may make side-trips to Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean Islands and return without needing a visa. If you are not a citizen of one of the countries named, or you plan to be in the US for longer than ninety days, you need a visa. A B1/B2 visitor's visa is the appropriate visa for holiday and business visits. You cannot perform productive work or accept paid or unpaid employment while in the US. If you require a visa for travel to the US the embassy strongly recommends that you obtain a visa before purchasing your ticket. You may apply for a visa through the post. Unfortunately, because of the high demand, an appointment to apply in person at the embassy may not be available for several weeks. In addition, those who have been refused visas twice in the past six months are not eligible for further consideration. Please note that applications by post take three weeks. To apply by post, please send a completed visa application form, your passport, a receipt showing payment of the visa application fee, a passport-sized colour photo, and a stamped self-addressed envelope to the following address: Visa Branch, US Embassy, 5 Working as a tour guide How to be a good guide Most guides are freelance and are hired for particular jobs. Tour operators and other people employ guides mainly to inform tourists about the places they are visiting. Therefore a guide has to have a good sound knowledge not only of a particular place but also of other things which are generally relevant - for example, architecture, history, and local customs. During our training we intensively learn a vast amount of information about a whole range of subjects, and we have to be capable of jumping from one topic to another in the same sentence! But the way in which a person conveys this knowledge is the key: you have to be good at judging what your audience is interested in and you have to know how to keep their attention. These are not easy skills, I can tell you! A guide's commentary should be interesting, lively, and above all, enthusiastic. It shouldn't be too academic and 'heavy', but neither should it be frivolous. A sense of hum our is also important, but again one should only be humorous where appropriate. 'Getting the balance right' is the main skill of guiding and commentaries should vary according to each group. A group of schoolchildren and a group of architects require a very different approach. Tourists ask a lot of questions and a guide should be friendly, helpful, and approachable. Guides shouldn't claim to know everything - we're not superhuman! If you don't know the answer, say so, but add 'I'll find out for you'. Questions can vary. They can be practical ones; it's important to know where the toilets are situated as well as the date of a monument! When things go wrong - as they occasionally do - a guide should pauseЂ and calmly sort out the problem, and try to make sure that the original itinerary is kept to. A guide takes on a number of roles for the tourist: teacher, entertainer, ambassador, nurse, and 'the boss'. As 'teacher' the guide is passing on information, as we've discussed. Most tour groups are on holiday so they want to enjoy themselves and want to be entertained to a certain extent. People also need looking after, so you sometimes have to be a nurse. Some people are jet-lagged or have minor illnesses (sometimes worse!). When we train, we do a basic first-aid course. As a guide you really are an ambassador for your country and it is your job to promote it. For many people you are the only person from that country that they have any contact with. As an ambassador you also have to know about diplomacy and you are responsible for making sure everyone is happy. You also have to be 'the boss' in order to ensure that the itinerary runs smoothly. You're often in charge of checking in and out of hotels, taking care of baggage, money, and so on. Efficiency is very important in all of this. Above all as a guide you have to like people. You meet the world in this job, some great people and some awful ones, but you have to try to treat them all as equals. Don't be patronizing, but welcome everyone as if they were a VIP to your country. Butmostofall, enjoyit! Прочитать без словаря текст по специальности. Кратко изложить его содержание на иностранном языке. Объемтекста - 600 печатныхзнаков. Pioneers of tourism Freddie Laker Freddie laker was one of the pioneers of modern passenger air travel. He was born in England in 1922, and from an early age he was involved with aircraft. He was an aircraft engineer in the Second World War and also learnt to fly. Laker's business ability appeared soon after the war ended. In the Berlin airlift of 1948 he was one of a number of businessmen who bought and chartered planes to take food and supplies to the people of Berlin when the city was blockaded by the Russians. This early entrepreneurial experience led Freddie Laker to increased business activity in the 1950s. He was one of a number of businessmen who helped the rapid expansion of air travel, using recent developments in aircraft technology. In 1955, for example, he set up an air service carrying passengers and cars across the Channel between England and France. It was in the 1960s and 1970s that the real growth in charter air travel happened, as more and more people wanted to go on package holidays. Laker was at the forefront of this. He ran British United Airways from 1960 to 1965, and Laker Airways from 1966 to 1982. His main achievement was to set up companies which were independent of the big state corporations, and to offer cheap flights for thousands of people. Perhaps the best example of this was the Skytrain passenger service to the USA which started a price war on the transatlantic routes from 1977 to 1982. Freddie Laker helped to make ur travel a realistic and fairly cheap possibility for many travellers and tourists. Cesar Manrique The tribute most often paid to Cesar Manrique is that without his efforts tourist development on Lanzarote would have followed the high-rise, high-density route and the island would have lost its identity. In the environmentally conscious 1990s Lanzarote is studied by other countries who are developing tourism, and is used as a role model. Manrique was born in Arrecife in 1919 and studied art in Madrid and New York, at a time when surrealism was a major influence. He returned to his beloved island in 1968, determined to preserve its natural beauty in the face of tourism. His major set-piece visitor attractions, Jameosdel Agua, Mirador del Rio, and Jardin de Cactus are masterpieces of design which are totally in harmony with the landscape. The hallmarks of any Manrique project are the use of local materials, integration with nature, and a completely peaceful atmosphere (often helped by ethereal 'mood music'), all finished with a flourish of his own brand of surreal art. Manrique was far more than just an artist and designer, however. He was the driving force behind the island's whole tourism development philosophy. He was a fiery orator and a tireless promoter of the island, and it is thanks to him that almost all the architecture on Lanzarote is in traditional style, and that there is still a total ban on advertising hoardings. Cesar Manrique died in a car accident just outside his Taro de Tahiche home in September 1992. His influence has been so pervasive throughout Lanzarote that his philosophy is sure to live on. WHY FOOD SPOILS The spoiling of food is due to two agencies First, the action of certain microorganisms, molds, yeasts and bacteria causes undersirable and sometimes harmful changes in food materials second,there are present in certain foods chemical substances, called enzymes, which, too, have the power of producing changes within the food. These two agencies often change the appearance, flavor and odor and, in some instances, even the food value. Microorganisms are present everywhere, in the air, in the soil and in the water. Molds are the only ones visible to the naked eye. All require warmth, moisture, food and oxygen for their normal growth and development, and all exist in two forms, the spore of resting stage and the vegetative or active stage. In the spore stage, they are much more resistant to ordinary temperatures and unfavourable con ditions. Spores of bacteria are even more resistant to heat than those of yeasts and molds. Molds grow on many different kind of foods, including bread, acid foods, meats, jam and jelly,bacon, but do not produce any harmful end products. Yeasts grow best on sugar, causing it to ferment with the production of carbon dioxide and alcohol. Even though the end products are not particularly harmful, the food value, odor and flavor of foods acted upon by yeasts are greatly altered. Bacteria are present everywhere and can act on all kinds of foods, but each type of bacteria acts best on a specific kind. Some of the effects brought about during the spoilage of foods by bacteria are the formation of gas, flat souring and the production of toxins. Botulism, a dangero us food poisoning, is caused by toxins produced by the action of certain bacteria. Bacteria are more easily destroyed in the vegetative than in the spore stage, and the presence of acid aids in their destruction. Enzymes are not microorganisms but chemical substances and are responsible for the discoloration of foods upon exposure to the air, for their ripening and for their becoming stale. Conditions favorable for the growth of bacteria and other plant life are also favorable for the ripening, maturing and decaying processes. Therefore, if the food is kept for a period of time, it is necessary to protect it from the former and to prevent natural changes due to the latter by some form of preservation, either to destroy the spoilage agents or to prevent their development. Foods vary in their keeping quality, owing to the difference in their water content. Устно изложить любую пройденную тему по специальности с активным использованием формул речевого этикета. Talk on the topic: 1. Airport procedure. 2. At the check-in desk. 3. Travel by sea and river cruises and ferries. 4. Travel arrangements. 5. International etiquette. 6. Travel by road and rail. 7. Independent travel overland. 8. Fly-drive holidays. 9. Coach tours. 10.Bookings and reservations. 11.Travel agency letters. 12.Holiday disasters. 13.Tourist attractions and facilities. 14.Tourist information leaflet. 15.How to be a good guide. 16.Guide instructions. 17.Promotion and marketing in tourism. Тестовые задания для контроля остаточных знаний I. TEXT Read and translate the text. Put ten different questions to the text. Holiday-making The English people who are on holiday either go sightseeing as tourists or they want a rest from sightseeing. Some people like to have their holidays on the sea-coast. Sea and sunshine, that's what they look forward to every summer. But today many people seem to like crowds. They like to meet and make friends with as many people as possible. You'd sooner make friends at a hotel, but if you want to meet lots of English people, you might like to go to a holiday camp. That doesn't mean sleeping and eating in tents. It's nothing like an army camp, or the kind of camp that Everest climbers live in. Holiday camps in England are permanent buildings with every modern convenience and comfort. There are wooden cabins with good beds, electric light, running hot and cold water. There are large buildings — a dining hall, a large hall for dancing, a cinema, a bar, a cafe, rooms for games such as billiards. In the camp there is everything you want. The camp usually has its own swimming-pool and tennis courts. Some camps are large enough for a thousand people, a camp of a medium size takes about five hundred guests. There is another suggestion — a caravan holiday. If you brought your car to England, you could hire quite a comfortable caravan for a few pounds a week. There are caravan camps all round the coast, and at these you can get water and other things you need. A caravan holiday wouldn't be lonely. Every evening you'd be in a camp with lots of other people. They're all very friendly. Of course you'd have to cook. You could see a lot of places in a month, or, if you wished, stay in one place for several days and then move to another place. There is one more way of holiday-making. It's a walking holiday. Walking holidays are much cheaper. In England there is the Youth Hostels Association. It's international. There are hostels all over England now and thousands of young people use them. Members of the Association get beds for night and meals very cheap. They can also take their own food to the hostels and cook it in the kitchen. Here you can meet young people of all classes — factory workers, office workers, shop girls, college students and many young people from European countries. Youth hostels are for people with not much money to spend. You needn't worry about clothes if you decided to use youth hostels. Any old clothes would do. At a hotel you'd need to be well dressed. |
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